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Linuxdoc Sgml/DNS-HOWTO

DNS HOWTO

DNS HOWTO

Nicolai Langfeldt janl@math.uio.no

v2.1.1, 12 November 1998 ÀÌ½Â±Ô hanuel@edunet.kmec.net, ÀÌ¿î¾ï wulee@nownuri.net v.2.0 1998³â 3¿ù 13ÀÏ
ÀÌ HOWTO´Â ½Ã°£À» Àû°Ô ÅõÀÚÇÏ¿© ÆíÇÏ°Ô DNS¸¦ °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù.

1. ¸Ó¸®¸»

°Ë»ö¾î: DNS, bind, bind-4, bind-8, named, dialup, ppp, slip, isdn, Internet, domain, name, hosts, resolving

1.1 Legal stuff

(C)opyright 1995 Nicolai Langfeldt. Do not modify without amending copyright, distribute freely but retain copyright message.

1.2 µµ¿ò¿¡ °¨»çµå¸®¸ç..., µµ¿òÀ» ºÎŹÇϸç...

ÀÌ ¹®¼­ ÃʾÈÀ» ¼öµµ ¾øÀÌ Àоî ÁÖ°í ¸¹Àº Á¦¾ÈÀ» ÇØÁØ Arnt Gulbrandsen ¾¾¿¡°Ô °¨»çÀÇ ¸»À» ÀüÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¼ø¼­¿¡ ¸ÂÀ» °Í °°´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ e-mail·Î ÀÇ°ß°ú À¯¿ëÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ» º¸³½ ÁØ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ôµµ °¨»çÀÇ ¸»À» ÀüÇÑ´Ù.

ÀÌ ¹®¼­´Â ¿Ï°áµÈ ¹®¼­°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. DNS¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ¹®Á¦Á¡À̳ª ±×¿¡ µû¸¥ ÇØ°áÃ¥µéÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯ÇÑ ³»¿ëµéÀº e-mail·Î º¸³» Áشٸé, ´ÙÀ½ ¹ø¿¡´Â ´õ ÁÁÀº DNS-HOWTO°¡ ³ª¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. money³ª ÀÇ°ß ¶Ç´Â Àǹ®Á¡Àº janl@math.uio.no ¾ÕÀ¸·Î º¸³» ÁÖ±æ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. e-mailÀ» º¸³»±â Àü¿¡ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ e-mail ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥Áö È®ÀÎÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¡¾ß ´ä½ÅÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ´ç¿¬ÇÑ À̾߱â ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¸ÞÀÏÀ» º¸³»±â Àü¿¡ Áú¹®°ú ´ä ÀýÀ» ÀÐ¾î º¸±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.

ÀÌ HOWTO¸¦ ¹ø¿ªÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ³ª¿¡°Ô ¾Ë·Á Áֱ⠹ٶõ´Ù. ±×·¯¸é, ¾î¶² ¾ð¾î·Î ¹ø¿ªÀÌ µÇ¾ú´ÂÁö Á¤¸®ÇØ µÑ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀ̸ç ÀÌ HOWTO°¡ °³Á¤µÉ ¶§ ¾Ë·Á ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

¿ªÀÚÀÇ ¸» : ÇÑ±Û ÆÇ¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ Àְųª ¿À¿ªÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸é haneul@edunet.kmec.netÀ¸·Î ¸ÞÀÏÀ» º¸³»ÁÖ±æ ¹Ù¶ø´Ï´Ù.

1.3 Anne Line Norheim Langfeldt¿¡ ¹ÙÄ¡¸ç

ÀÌ HOWTO¸¦ Anne Line Norheim Langfeldt¿¡ ¹ÙÄ£´Ù. ±×³à´Â ÀÌ ¹®¼­¸¦ ÀÐ¾î º¸Áöµµ ¾Ê°ÚÁö¸¸, ±×³à´Â Á¤¸»·Î Ưº°ÇÑ ¿©ÀÚÀÌ´Ù.

2. ¼Ò°³

DNS¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©.

DNS´Â Domain Name SystemÀÇ ¾àÀÚÀÌ´Ù. Áï DNS´Â ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ À̸§°ú IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ »óÈ£ º¯È¯½ÃŲ´Ù. Áï, À̸§À» ÁÖ¼Ò·Î, ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ À̸§À¸·Î º¯È¯ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ HOWTO¿¡¼­´Â À̸§°ú ÁÖ¼Ò »çÀÌÀÇ ±×·¯ÇÑ ¸ÅÇÎÀ» ¸®´ª½º¿¡¼­ Á¤ÀÇÇÏ¿© ¼­ºñ½ºÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼³¸íÇÑ´Ù. ¸ÅÇÎÀ̶õ ¾ÆÁÖ ´Ü¼øÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î À̸§°ú ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¼­·Î °áÇÕ½ÃÄÑ µÐ °Í¿¡ Áö³ªÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. Áï, ftp.linux.org¿Í °°Àº À̸§°ú 199.249.150.4¿Í °°ÀÌ ¼ýÀÚ·Î µÈ IP¸¦ ¿¬°á½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Ãʺ¸ÀÚ(¿©·¯ºÐ ;-)¿¡°Ô DNS´Â ³×Æ®¿öÅ© °ü¸® ¿µ¿ª Áß¿¡¼­µµ ²Ï ¸ðÈ£ÇÑ Æí¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ HOWTO¿¡¼­´Â DNS¿¡ °üÇÑ ¸î °¡Áö ÁÖÁ¦¸¦ ¸íÈ®ÇÏ°Ô Àü´ÞÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Áï, simple DNS¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýµéÀ» ¼³¸íÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¼± ij½Ã Àü¿ë ¼­¹ö(Caching Only Server) ¼³Á¤ ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼³¸íÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡ 1Â÷ DNS(Primary DNS)¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿© ƯÁ¤ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Name Resolving ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼³¸íÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. º¸´Ù ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ¼³¸íÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ÀÌ ¹®¼­¿¡¼­ Áú¹®°ú ´ä ÀýÀ» Âü°íÇϱ⠹ٶõ´Ù. Áú¹®°ú ´ä Àý¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸é, Âü°í ¹®ÇåÀ» ÀÐ¾î º¸µµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. Âü°í ¹®ÇåÀº ÀÌ ¹®¼­ÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· Àý¿¡ ¼ö·ÏÇØ µÎ¾ú´Ù.

¿ì¼± ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿© TelnetÀ¸·Î Á¢¼Ó °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ°í, ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÀÀ¿ë ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µéÀÌ ¿Ã¹Ù·Î ÀÛµ¿ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ȯ°æÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÑ ´ÙÀ½, telnet 127.0.0.1 ¸í·ÉÀ» ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ¿© ÀÚ±â Àڽſ¡°Ô Á¢¼ÓÀÌ µÇ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù.(´çÀå È®ÀÎ!!) ±×¸®°í /etc/nsswitch.conf (¶Ç´Â /etc/host.conf), /etc/resolv.conf, /etc/hosts ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ¿Ã¹Ù¸£°Ô ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÆÄÀϵéÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é, NET-3-HOWTO¿Í PPP-HOWTO¿¡ ÀÌ ÆÄÀϵéÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ¼³¸íµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸´Ï, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÆÄÀϵéÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é, NET-3-HOWTO¿Í PPP-HOWTO¸¦ ÀÐ¾î º¸µµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.

¾Æ¹«·± ¼ö½Ä¾î ¾øÀÌ `ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ'¶ó°í À̾߱⸦ ÇÒ ¶§´Â DNS·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ ¶æÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±âŸ ´Ù¸¥ ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ ¶æÇÏ´Â ¸»ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¹Ç·Î È¥µ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.

ÀÌ ¹®¼­¿¡¼­´Â ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ°¡ ¹æÈ­º® ¹Ù±ùÂÊ¿¡ Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¹æÈ­º®¿¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ¹æÈ­º® °ü·Ã ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â Áú¹®°ú ´ä ÀýÀ» Âü°íÇÑ´Ù.

Unix¿¡¼­ DNS ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº named¶ó°í ÇÏ´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº Internet Software ConsortiumÀÇ ¸â¹öÀÎ Paul Vixie ¾¾°¡ ¸¸µç bind ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÇ ÀϺκÐÀÌ´Ù. ¸®´ª½º ¹èÆ÷ÆÇ¿¡´Â ´ëºÎºÐ Named°¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖÀ¸¸ç /usr/sbin/named¶ó´Â À̸§À¸·Î ¼³Ä¡µÈ´Ù. ÇöÀç ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡ named°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸é, ±×³É »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é µÇÁö¸¸, ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡ named°¡ ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¸®´ª½º ftp »çÀÌÆ®¿¡¼­ ¹ÙÀ̳ʸ®¸¦ ±¸Çؼ­ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. namedÀÇ ¼Ò½º´Â ftp.isc.org:/isc/bind/src/cur/bind-8/¿¡¼­ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ HOWTO´Â bind ¹öÀü 8À» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀüÁ¦·Î ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. bind 4¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÌÀü ¹öÀü HOWTO´Â http://www.math.uio.no/~janl/DNS/¿¡¼­ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. named ¸ÇÆäÀÌÁö¿¡¼­ named.conf ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¾ð±ÞÇϸé, bind 8ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê°í named.boot¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­ ¾ð±ÞÇϸé bind 4ÀÌ´Ù. bind 4ÀÎ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â º¸¾È ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î bind 8·Î ¾÷±×·¹À̵åÇϱ⠹ٶõ´Ù.

DNS´Â ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Àü¹Ý¿¡ ³Ð°Ô ºÐ»êµÈ µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î »õ·Î¿î Ç׸ñÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÒ ¶§´Â ½ÅÁßÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¾ûÅ͸®·Î µÈ Ç׸ñÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÏ¸é ±× µµ¸ÞÀο¡ Á¢¼ÓÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç »ç¿ëÀÚµéÀÌ ¾ûÅ͸® ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. DNS¸¦ Àß Á¤µ·ÇÏ°í ÀÏ°ü¼º ÀÖ°Ô ¿î¿µÇϸé ÁÁÀº °á°ú¸¦ ¾òÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. »ç¿ë ¹æ¹ý, °ü¸® ¹æ¹ý, µð¹ö±× ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¹è¿ö¶ó. ±×·¯¸é ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ À߸øµÈ °ü¸® ¶§¹®¿¡ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¿À¹ö·Îµå¸¦ ¹Ì¿¬¿¡ ¹æÁöÇÏ¿© ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ ÈǸ¢È÷ °ü¸®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

ÀÌ ¹®¼­¿¡¼­ ¿ÏÀüÇÑ »ç½ÇÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ »çÇ×µµ »ç½ÇÀÎ °Íó·³ À̾߱â ÇÑ´Ù. (Àû¾îµµ ¹Ý Á¤µµ´Â »ç½ÇÀÌ´Ù). ´Ü¼øÇÏ°Ô ¼³¸íÇϱâ À§Çؼ­ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹®¼­¿¡¼­ ¸»ÇÏ´Â °ÍµéÀ» ¹Ï´Â´Ù¸é (¾Æ¸¶µµ ;-) ¸ðµç °ÍÀº Á¦´ë·Î µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

Tip: ÆíÁýÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â ÆÄÀϵéÀ» ¸ðµÎ ¹é¾÷ÇØ µÎµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¡¾ß¸¸ Á¦´ë·Î ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¶§ ¿ø·¡´ë·Î º¹±¸ÇϱⰡ ¿ëÀÌÇÏ´Ù.

3. ij½Ã Àü¿ë ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹ö(Caching only name server)

DNS ¼³Á¤ÀÇ Ã¹ ´Ü°è·Î ´ÙÀ̾ó¾÷ »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¸Å¿ì À¯¿ëÇÏ´Ù.

ij½Ã Àü¿ë ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹ö(Caching only name server)´Â ³×ÀÓ Äõ¸®ÀÇ ÀÀ´äÀ» ãÀº ÈÄ ±â¾ïÇØ µÎ¾ú´Ù°¡ ´ÙÀ½ ¹ø¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ ¶§ °ð ¹Ù·Î ÀÀ´äÇÑ´Ù. ƯÈ÷, Á¢¼Ó ȸ¼±ÀÌ ´À¸° °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ±â´Ù¸®´Â ½Ã°£À» »ó´çÈ÷ ÁÙ¿© ÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

¿ì¼± /etc/named.conf ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. named°¡ ½ÃÀÛÇϸ鼭 ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÀÐ¾î µéÀδÙ. ´çÀåÀº ´Ü¼øÈ÷ ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ ÆíÁýÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ.


// Config file for caching only name server

options {
        directory "/var/named";

        // Uncommenting this might help if you have to go through a
        // firewall and things are not working out:

        // query-source port 53;
};

zone "." {
        type hint;
        file "root.hints";
};

zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" {
        type master;
        file "pz/127.0.0";
};

`directory'´Â ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¾îµð¿¡¼­ ã¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö named¿¡°Ô ¾Ë·Á ÁØ´Ù. ÀÌÈÄ ³ª¿À´Â ÆÄÀϵéÀº ¸ðµÎ ÀÌ µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »ó´ë °æ·ÎÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î pz´Â /var/named µð·ºÅ丮ÀÇ ÇÏÀ§ µð·ºÅ丮ÀÌ´Ù. Áï, /var/named/pzÀÌ´Ù. /var/named´Â Linux File system Standard¿¡ ¸í½ÃµÈ µð·ºÅ丮ÀÌ´Ù.

/var/named/root.hints¶ó´Â ÆÄÀÏÀÇ À̸§À» ¿©±â¿¡ Àû¾î ÁØ´Ù. /var/named/root.hints ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ³»¿ëÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.


.                       6D IN NS        G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D IN NS        J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D IN NS        K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D IN NS        L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D IN NS        M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D IN NS        A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D IN NS        H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D IN NS        B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D IN NS        C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D IN NS        D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D IN NS        E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D IN NS        I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D IN NS        F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    192.112.36.4
J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    198.41.0.10
K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    193.0.14.129
L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    198.32.64.12
M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    202.12.27.33
A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    198.41.0.4
H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    128.63.2.53
B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    128.9.0.107
C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    192.33.4.12
D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    128.8.10.90
E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    192.203.230.10
I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    192.36.148.17
F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    192.5.5.241

ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀº ÀÎÅͳÝÀÇ ·çÆ® ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹öµéÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¹Ù²î´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î Àß °ü¸®ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÃÖ½ÅÀ¸·Î À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº À¯Áö º¸¼ö Àý¸¦ Âü°íÇÑ´Ù.

±× ´ÙÀ½Àº ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸· Á¸(zone)ÀÌ´Ù. »ç¿ë¹ýÀº ´ÙÀ½ Àå¿¡¼­ ¼³¸íÇϱâ·Î ÇÏ°í Áö±ÝÀº ±×³É pz µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ 127.0.0 ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¸¸µç´Ù.


@               IN      SOA     ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
                                1       ; Serial
                                8H      ; Refresh
                                2H      ; Retry
                                1W      ; Expire
                                1D)     ; Minimum TTL
                        NS      ns.linux.bogus.
1                       PTR     localhost.

/etc/resolv.conf ÆÄÀÏÀ» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÆíÁýÇÑ´Ù.


search subdomain.your-domain.edu your-domain.edu
nameserver 127.0.0.1

`search'´Â »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ È£½ºÆ® ¸í¸¸ ÀÔ·ÂÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡ °Ë»öÇÒ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. `nameserver'´Â »ç¿ëÇÒ ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹ö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ Á÷Á¢ ¿î¿µÇϹǷΠ»ç¿ëÀÚ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ Àû´Â´Ù. (127.0.0.1À» Àû¾î ÁÖ¸é ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾ø´Ù. »ç¿ëÀÚ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ IP ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì¿¡µµ ¹®Á¦¾øÀÌ ÀÛµ¿ÇÑ´Ù.) ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹ö¸¦ ¿©·¯ °³ »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â `nameserver' ¶óÀÎÀ» ¿©·¯ ¶óÀÎ µÎ¸é µÈ´Ù. (Âü°í:Named´Â ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÀÐÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. named¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â resolver°¡ ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.)

ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ÀÛµ¿ ¹æ½Ä: Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®°¡ foo¸¦ Á¶È¸ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì ¸ÕÀú foo.subdomain.your-domain.edu¸¦ ã´Â´Ù. ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î foo.your-fomain.edu¸¦ ã°í ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î foo¸¦ ã´Â´Ù. Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®°¡ sunsite.unc.edu¸¦ Á¶È¸ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¸ÕÀú sunsite.unc.edu.subdomain.your-domain.eduÀ» ã´Â´Ù. (¹°·Ð ¸ÛûÇϱä ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀÌ·¸°Ô µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù.) ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î sunsite.unc.edu.your-domain.edu¸¦ ã°í ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î sunsite.unc.edu¸¦ ã´Â´Ù. search ¶óÀο¡ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ ³Ê¹« ¸¹Àº¸é °Ë»ö ½Ã°£ÀÌ ²Ï ±æ¾îÁö°Ô µÇ¹Ç·Î search¿¡ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¸¹ÀÌ µÎÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù.

ÀÌ ¿¹¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ¼ÓÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ subdomain.your-domain.edu¶ó°í °¡Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¸é »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ´Â your-machine.subdomain.your-domain.edu°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. `search' ¶óÀο¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¼ÓÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ TLD(Top Level Domain, ¿©±â¼­´Â `edu')ÀÌ Æ÷ÇÔµÇÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ÁÖÀÇÇÑ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ¼ÓÇÑ È£½ºÆ®¿¡ ÀÚÁÖ Á¢¼ÓÀ» ÇÑ´Ù¸é ´ÙÀ½Ã³·³ `search'¿¡ °è¼ÓÇؼ­ Ãß°¡ÇÏ´Â °Íµµ ³ª»ÚÁö´Â ¾Ê´Ù.


search subdomain.your-domain.edu your-domain.edu other-domain.com

¿¹¿Í ¶È°°ÀÌ ¼³Á¤ÇÏÁö ¸»°í °¢ÀÚ ½ÇÁ¦·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¸íÀ» ¸í½ÃÇÑ´Ù. µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¸íÀÇ ³¡¿¡ Á¡(period)ÀÌ ¾ø´Ù´Â °Í¿¡µµ À¯ÀÇÇÑ´Ù.

´ÙÀ½ ´Ü°è´Â libcÀÇ ¹öÀü¿¡ µû¶ó ¾à°£ ´Þ¶óÁö´Âµ¥, /etc/nsswitch.conf ¶Ç´Â /etc/host.conf ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÆíÁýÇÑ´Ù. º¹ÀâÇÏ°Ô »ý°¢ÇÒ °Í ¾øÀÌ ÇöÀç ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡ nsswitch.conf¶ó´Â ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸é ±× ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÆíÁýÇÏ°í, ¾øÀ¸¸é host.conf ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÆíÁýÇÑ´Ù.

/etc/nsswitch.conf

ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀº ¾à°£ ±ä ÆÄÀÏ·Î ¾î¶² ÆÄÀÏÀ̳ª µ¥ÀÌŸº£À̽º·ÎºÎÅÍ ¿©·¯ Á¾·ùÀÇ Á¤º¸(È£½ºÆ® ¸í, ¾ÏÈ£, ½¦µµ¿ì ¾ÏÈ£, ±×·ì Á¤º¸, ¾Ë¸®¾Æ½º Á¤º¸ µî)¸¦ ¾ò¾î ¿Í¼­ »ç¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀÎÁö¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. º¸Åë ÆÄÀÏ ½ÃÀÛ ºÎºÐ¿¡ µµ¿ò¸»ÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÀÐ¾î º¸¸é ÆíÁýÇÏ´Â µ¥¿¡ µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù. Áö±Ý ´çÀå ÀÐ¾î º¸±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. `hosts:·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â ¶óÀÎÀ» ã¾Æ º¸ÀÚ. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¶óÀÎÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸é Á¤»óÀÌ´Ù.


hosts:      files dns

`hosts:'·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â ¶óÀÎÀÌ ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â À§¿Í °°ÀÌ Ãß°¡Çϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ Á¶È¸ÇÒ ¶§ ¸ÕÀú /etc/hosts ÆÄÀÏÀ» °Ë»çÇÏ°í ±× ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ ãÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì resolv.conf¿¡ ¸í½ÃµÈ DNS¿¡¼­ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ã´Â´Ù.

/etc/host.conf

ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀº º¸Åë ¿©·¯ ¶óÀÎÀ¸·Î ±¸¼ºµÇ´Âµ¥, order·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â ¶óÀÎÀÌ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î´Â ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°´Ù¸é Á¤»óÀÌ´Ù.


order hosts,bind

`order'·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â ¶óÀÎÀÌ ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â À§ÀÇ ¶óÀÎÀ» »ðÀÔÇÑ´Ù. ¸ÕÀú /etc/hosts ÆÄÀÏÀ» ã¾Æ º¸°í ¾øÀ¸¸é ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹ö(resolv.conf ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ 127.0.0.1·Î ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù)¿¡¼­ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ã´Â´Ù´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. ¸®´ª½º ¹èÆ÷ÆÇ¿¡´Â ´ëºÎºÐ ÀÌ µÎ ÆÄÀÏÀ» resolv(8) ¸ÇÆäÀÌÁö(`man 8 resolv'¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇØ º»´Ù.)¿¡¼­ ¼³¸íÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. That man page is IMHO readable, and everyone, especially DNS admins, should read it. Do it now, if you say to yourself "I'll do it later" you'll never get around to it.

3.1 named ½ÇÇà

ÀÌÁ¦ named¸¦ ½ÌÇàÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ÀüÈ­ Á¢¼Ó »ç¿ëÀÚÀÎ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¿ì¼± ÀüÈ­¸¦ °É¾î Á¢¼ÓÀ» Çϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. `ndc start'¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ°í ¿£Å͸¦ ´©¸¥´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ¿É¼ÇÀº ÇÊ¿ä ¾ø´Ù. Àß ¾ÈµÅ¸é `/usr/sbin/ndc start'¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¡µµ ÀÌ»óÇÏ´Ù¸é qanda ÀýÀ» Âü°íÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦ Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´ÂÁö ½ÃÇèÇØ º¸ÀÚ. named°¡ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È message ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» »ìÆì º¸ÀÚ. º¸Åë messages ÆÄÀÏÀº /var/adm/messages ÆÄÀÏÀÌÁö¸¸, °æ·Î°¡ /var/logÀÎ °æ¿ì°¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÆÄÀϸíÀÌ syslogÀÎ °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ´Ù. tail -f /var/log/messages ¸í·ÉÀ¸·Î ³»¿ëÀ» È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö Àִµ¥, È®ÀÎ °á°ú°¡ ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°´Ù¸é Á¤»óÀÌ´Ù.

(`\'´Â ´ÙÀ½ÁÙ°ú ¿¬°á µÇ¾úÀ½À» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.)

Feb 15 01:26:17 roke named[6091]: starting.  named 8.1.1 Sat Feb 14 \
  00:18:20 MET 1998 ^Ijanl@roke.uio.no:/var/tmp/bind-8.1.1/src/bin/named
Feb 15 01:26:17 roke named[6091]: cache zone "" (IN) loaded (serial 0)
Feb 15 01:26:17 roke named[6091]: master zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" \
  (IN) loaded (serial 1)
Feb 15 01:26:17 roke named[6091]: listening [127.0.0.1].53 (lo)
Feb 15 01:26:17 roke named[6091]: listening [129.240.230.92].53 (ippp0)
Feb 15 01:26:17 roke named[6091]: Forwarding source address is [0.0.0.0].1040
Feb 15 01:26:17 roke named[6092]: Ready to answer queries.

¿¡·¯ ¸Þ½ÃÁö°¡ º¸À̸é Áß°£¿¡ ¹º°¡ ½Ç¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¶§ ½Ç¼öÇÑ ÆÄÀϸí(named.conf³ª root.hintsÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù)À» named°¡ º¸¿© ÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. named¸¦ Á×ÀÌ°í ±× ÆÄÀÏÀ» Á¡°ËÇÑ´Ù.

ÀÌÁ¦ nslookupÀ¸·Î named°¡ Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´ÂÁö Á¡°ËÇÒ Â÷·ÊÀÌ´Ù.

$ nslookup
Default Server:  localhost
Address:  127.0.0.1

>

À§¿Í °°´Ù¸é Á¦´ë·Î µÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯±â¸¦ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê´Ù¸é óÀ½ºÎÅÍ ´Ù½Ã °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù. named.conf¸¦ ¼öÁ¤ÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù ndc restart ¸í·ÉÀ¸·Î named¸¦ Àç½ÃÀÛ½ÃÄÑ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

ÀÌÁ¦ Äõ¸®¸¦ ÀÔ·ÂÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±Ùó¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ ã¾Æ º¸ÀÚ. Oslo ´ëÇп¡ ÀÖ´Â pat.uio.no°¡ ÀúÀÚ¿¡°Ô´Â pat.uio.no°¡ °¡±õ´Ù.

> pat.uio.no
Server:  localhost
Address:  127.0.0.1

Name:    pat.uio.no
Address:  129.240.130.16

nslookupÀÌ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ named¿¡°Ô pat.uio.no ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ ãµµ·Ï ¿äûÇß´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ named´Â root.hints ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹ö Áß Çϳª¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÇÑ ÈÄ ±× ÀÀ´äÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. /etc/resolv.conf¿¡ ½á ³ÖÀº µµ¸ÞÀεéÀ» ¸ðµÎ °Ë»öÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ±×¸¸Å­ ½Ã°£ÀÌ °É¸± °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

¶È°°Àº ¿äûÀ» ´Ù½Ã ÇÑ´Ù¸é ´ÙÀ½ ó·³ º¸ÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

> pat.uio.no
Server:  localhost
Address:  127.0.0.1

Non-authoritative answer:
Name:    pat.uio.no
Address:  129.240.2.50

`Non-authoritative answer:' ¶óÀο¡ À¯ÀÇÇÏÀÚ. ÀÌ ¶óÀÎÀº ¿ÜºÎ·Î ³ª°¡Áö ¾Ê°í ´ë½Å ij½Ã¸¦ °Ë»çÇÏ¿© ã¾Æ ¿ÔÀ½À» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ij½Ã¿¡ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Â Á¤º¸´Â ¿À·¡µÇ¾î ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â º¯°æµÈ °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ °æ°íÀÇ ¶æÀ¸·Î `Non-authorative answer:'¸¦ º¸¿© ÁØ´Ù. ¾î¶² È£½ºÆ®¿¡ ´ëÇØ µÎ ¹ø° ÁúÀÇÇßÀ» ¶§ nslookupÀÌ ÀÌ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ º¸¿© Áشٸé, named°¡ Á¤º¸¸¦ ij½Ã¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÏ¿´´Ù°¡ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. Áï, Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÛµ¿ÇÑ´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù. `exitÀ» ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ¿© nslookupÀ» Á¾·áÇÑ´Ù.

ÀÌÁ¦ ij½Ã Àü¿ë DNS(Caching Only DNS) ¼³Á¤ ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù. ÀÚÃàÇÏ´Â ¶æÀ¸·Î ¸ÆÁÖ³ª ¿ìÀ¯¸¦ ÇÑ ÀÜÇÏ´Â °Ç ¾î¶³±î?

4. µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» Çѹø ¼³Á¤ÇØ º¸ÀÚ.

µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â °£´ÜÇÑ ¹æ¹ý

4.1 ¸ÕÀú ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °Íµé

ÀÌ ÀýÀ» ½ÃÀÛÇϱâ Àü¿¡ DNS°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´ÂÁö ¾à°£ÀÇ ÀÌ·ÐÀ» ¼³¸íÇÏ°Ú´Ù. ÀÐ¾î µÎ¸é ¸¹Àº µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ °è¼Ó Àд °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. ÀÐ°í ½ÍÁö ¾Ê´õ¶óµµ ´ëÃæ ÈÈ¾î º¸±â´Â ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¾î°µç named.conf¿¡ °üÇÑ ³»¿ëºÎÅÍ´Â ÀÚ¼¼È÷ Àо ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ÀÌÇØÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

DNS´Â °èÃþÀûÀÎ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ´Ù. ÃÖ»óÀ§ °èÃþÀº `.'À¸·Î Àû°í `·çÆ®'·Î ¹ßÀ½ÇÑ´Ù. `.' ¾Æ·¡·Î ORG, COM, EDU, NET °°Àº ÃÖ»óÀ§ µµ¸ÞÀÎ(TLDs: Top Level Domains)ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

¾î¶² ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ ãÀ» ¶§, Äõ¸®´Â ÃÖ»óÀ§ °èÃþ¿¡¼­ºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿© ÇÏÀ§ °èÃþÀ¸·Î ã¾Æ ³»·Á °£´Ù. prep.ai.mit.edu¸¦ ã´Â °æ¿ì »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹ö´Â edu µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ´ã´çÇÏ´Â ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹ö¸¦ ã¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ . ¼­¹ö¿¡¼­ ÁúÀÇÇÏ°Ô µÇ°í ±×·¯¸é . ¼­¹ö´Â edu µµ¸ÞÀÎ ´ã´ç ¼­¹öµéÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ³Ñ°Ü ÁØ´Ù. (ÀÌ¹Ì . ¼­¹ö¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹ö°¡ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇϸé, root.hints ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ ¸í½ÃÇØ ÁÖ¾ú±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.)

$ nslookup
Default Server:  localhost
Address:  127.0.0.1

·çÆ® ¼­¹ö¿¡ ÁúÀÇ ½ÃÀÛ

> server c.root-servers.net.
Default Server:  c.root-servers.net
Address:  192.33.4.12

Äõ¸® À¯ÇüÀ» NS·Î ¼³Á¤ (name server records):

> set q=ns

edu¿¡ °üÇØ ÁúÀÇ

> edu.

¿©±â¿¡¼­ ¸¶Áö¸· Ä­ÀÇ .ÀÌ Áß¿äÇѵ¥, . ¾Æ·¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Â edu µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ ÁúÀÇÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½À» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. (ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á °Ë»ö ¹üÀ§¸¦ Ãà¼ÒÇÑ´Ù.)

edu     nameserver = A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu     nameserver = H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu     nameserver = B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu     nameserver = C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu     nameserver = D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu     nameserver = E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu     nameserver = I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu     nameserver = F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
edu     nameserver = G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 198.41.0.4
H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 128.63.2.53
B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 128.9.0.107
C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 192.33.4.12
D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 128.8.10.90
E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 192.203.230.10
I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 192.36.148.17
F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 192.5.5.241
G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET      internet address = 192.112.36.4

À§ÀÇ °á°ú·Î *.root-servers.netÀÌ edu. ´ã´ç ¼­¹öÀÓÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦ °è¼ÓÇؼ­ c ¼­¹ö¿¡°Ô ÁúÀÇÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. À̹ø¿¡´Â ¾î´À ¼­¹ö°¡ mit.edu. µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ´ã´çÇÏ´ÂÁö ¾Ë¾Æ º¸ÀÚ. °è¼ÓÇؼ­ ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ mit.edu.À» ÀÔ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.

> mit.edu.
Server:  c.root-servers.net
Address:  192.33.4.12

Non-authoritative answer:
mit.edu nameserver = W20NS.mit.edu
mit.edu nameserver = BITSY.mit.edu
mit.edu nameserver = STRAWB.mit.edu

Authoritative answers can be found from:
W20NS.mit.edu   internet address = 18.70.0.160
BITSY.mit.edu   internet address = 18.72.0.3
STRAWB.mit.edu  internet address = 18.71.0.151

steawb, w20ns¿Í bitsy ¼­¹ö°¡ mit¸¦ ´ã´çÇÑ´Ù. ±× Áß Çϳª¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ¿© ai.mit.edu¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÁúÀÇÇØ º¸ÀÚ.

> server W20NS.mit.edu.

È£½ºÆ®¸íÀº ´ë¼Ò¹®ÀÚ¸¦ ±¸º°ÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ´Ù¸¸ ¸¶¿ì½º·Î È­¸éÀ» ±Ü¾î ºÙ¿©¼­ ÀÌ·¸°Ô º¸ÀδÙ.

Server:  W20NS.mit.edu
Address:  18.70.0.160

> ai.mit.edu.
Server:  W20NS.mit.edu
Address:  18.70.0.160

Non-authoritative answer:
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = LIFE.AI.MIT.EDU
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = BEET-CHEX.AI.MIT.EDU
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = MINI-WHEATS.AI.MIT.EDU
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = COUNT-CHOCULA.AI.MIT.EDU
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = MINTAKA.LCS.MIT.EDU

Authoritative answers can be found from:
AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU
AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU
AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU
AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU
AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = LIFE.AI.MIT.EDU
AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = BEET-CHEX.AI.MIT.EDU
AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = MINI-WHEATS.AI.MIT.EDU
AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = COUNT-CHOCULA.AI.MIT.EDU
AI.MIT.EDU      nameserver = MINTAKA.LCS.MIT.EDU
ALPHA-BITS.AI.MIT.EDU   internet address = 128.52.32.5
GRAPE-NUTS.AI.MIT.EDU   internet address = 128.52.36.4
TRIX.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.37.6
MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU       internet address = 128.52.39.7
LIFE.AI.MIT.EDU internet address = 128.52.32.80
BEET-CHEX.AI.MIT.EDU    internet address = 128.52.32.22
MINI-WHEATS.AI.MIT.EDU  internet address = 128.52.54.11
COUNT-CHOCULA.AI.MIT.EDU        internet address = 128.52.38.22
MINTAKA.LCS.MIT.EDU     internet address = 18.26.0.36

À§ÀÇ °á°ú¿¡¼­ museli.ai.mit.edu°¡ ai.mit.edu ´ã´ç ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹ö Áß ÇϳªÀÓÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ ÁúÀÇÇØ º¸ÀÚ.

> server MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU
Default Server:  MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU
Address:  128.52.39.7

³×ÀÓ ¼­¹ö¸¦ ã¾ÒÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÀÌÁ¦ Äõ¸® À¯ÇüÀ» ¹Ù²ã¼­ prep.ai.mit.edu¿¡ °üÇÑ ¸ðµç »çÇ×À» ÁúÀÇÇØ º¸ÀÚ.

> set q=any
> prep.ai.mit.edu.
Server:  MUESLI.AI.MIT.EDU
Address:  128.52.39.7

prep.ai.mit.edu CPU = dec/decstation-5000.25    OS = unix
prep.ai.mit.edu
        inet address = 18.159.0.42, protocol = tcp
          ftp  telnet  smtp  finger
prep.ai.mit.edu preference = 1, mail exchanger = gnu-life.ai.mit.edu
prep.ai.mit.edu internet address = 18.159.0.42
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = beet-chex.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = alpha-bits.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = mini-wheats.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = trix.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = muesli.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = count-chocula.ai.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = mintaka.lcs.mit.edu
ai.mit.edu      nameserver = life.ai.mit.edu
gnu-life.ai.mit.edu     internet address = 128.52.32.60
beet-chex.ai.mit.edu    internet address = 128.52.32.22
alpha-bits.ai.mit.edu   internet address = 128.52.32.5
mini-wheats.ai.mit.edu  internet address = 128.52.54.11
trix.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.37.6
muesli.ai.mit.edu       internet address = 128.52.39.7
count-chocula.ai.mit.edu        internet address = 128.52.38.22
mintaka.lcs.mit.edu     internet address = 18.26.0.36
life.ai.mit.edu internet address = 128.52.32.80

ÀÌ·¸°Ô Çؼ­ .·ÎºÎÅÍ ½ÃÀÛÇؼ­ µµ¸ÞÀÎ ³×ÀÓÀ» ´ã´çÇÏ´Â Àü´Ü°èÀÇ ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹öµéÀ» ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ã¾Ò´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ¼­¹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ DNS ¼­¹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇß´Ù¸é ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ named´Â ´ç¿¬È÷ ±× ¸ðµç Á¤º¸µéÀ» º¸°üÇØ µÎ¾úÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ´çºÐ°£Àº °°Àº ÁúÀǸ¦ ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

¸¹ÀÌ °Å·ÐµÇÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸ Áß¿äÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ in-addr.arpa ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¿ª½Ã Á¤»ó µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ±¸¼ºÇÑ´Ù. in-addr.arpa´Â È£½ºÆ®ÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¾Ë°í ÀÖÀ» ¶§ ±× À̸§À» ¾Ë·ÁÁØ´Ù. ¿©±â¼­ ÁÖÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÒ Á¡Àº in-addr.arpa µµ¸ÞÀο¡¼­´Â ip ¼ýÀÚµéÀÌ ¿ª¼øÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. 192.128.52.43 ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì, prep.ai.mit.eduÀÇ ¿¹Ã³·³ 'named'´Â arpa. ¼­¹ö¸¦ ã´Â´Ù. ±× ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î in-addr.arpa. ¼­¹ö¸¦ ã°í, 192.in-addr.arpa. ¼­¹ö¸¦ ãÀº ´ÙÀ½, 128.192.in-addr.arpa. ¼­¹ö¸¦ ã¾Æ¼­ 52.128.192.in-addr.arpa. ¼­¹ö¸¦ ã´Â´Ù. ±×¸®°í´Â 43.52.128.192.in-addr.arpa.¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â Ç׸ñÀ» ã´Â´Ù. ¶È¶ÈÇÏÁÒ?(±×·¸´Ù°í ¸»Çϱæ... ) ¼ýÀÚ¸¦ ¿ª¼øÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº óÀ½ 2³â Á¤µµ´Â È¥¶õ½º·¯¿ï ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

»ç½Ç ÇÊÀÚ´Â Áö±Ý±îÁö °ÅÁþ¸»À» Çß´Ù. DNS´Â ÀúÀÚ°¡ À̾߱âÇÑ ±ÛÀÚ ±×´ë·Î ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×·¸Áö¸¸ ±× Àǹ̴ ÃæºÐÇÏ´Ù.

4.2 µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇØ º¸ÀÚ.

ÀÌÁ¦´Â °£´ÜÇÏ°Ô¶óµµ Çѹø µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇØ º¸ÀÚ. linux.bogus¶ó´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» Á¤ÇÏ°í ±×±â¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ ÄÄÇ»Å͵éÀÇ À̸§À» Á¤ÀÇÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾î´À ´©±¸µµ È¥µ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â Á¸ÀçÇÏÁöµµ ¾Ê´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

½ÃÀÛÇϱâ Àü¿¡ Çϳª ´õ: ¸ðµç ¹®ÀÚ¸¦ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¿µ¹®ÀÚ: a-z, ¼ýÀÚ: 0-9, ±×¸®°í '-' (dash) ¹®ÀÚ¸¸ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹®ÀÚµéÀ» ¸í½ÉÇ϶ó. ´ë¹®ÀÚ³ª ¼Ò¹®ÀÚ³ª DNS¿¡°Ô´Â ¸¶Âù°¡Áö´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ pat.uio.noÀº Pat.UiO.No¿Í µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù.

named.conf¿¡¼­ ¾Æ·¡ ºÎºÐ ¼³Á¤¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ÍÀº ÀÌ¹Ì ¼³¸íÇß´Ù.


zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" {
        type master;
        file "pz/127.0.0";
};

ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ µµ¸ÞÀÎ ³×ÀÓÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸·¿¡ `.'ÀÌ ¾øÀ½¿¡ À¯ÀÇÇÏÀÚ. À§ÀÇ ¼³Á¤ Áß Ã¹¹ø° ¶óÀÎÀº 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa Á¸(zone)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤ÀÇÀÓÀ» ¶æÇÏ°í, µÎ¹ø° ¶óÀÎÀÎ ÀÌ ¼­¹ö°¡ 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa Á¸ÀÇ ¸¶½ºÅÍ ¼­¹öÀÓÀ» ¶æÇϸç, ¸¶Áö¸· ¶óÀÎÀº È£½ºÆ®¸í°ú IP ÁÖ¼Ò »çÀÌÀÇ ¸ÅÇÎ Á¤º¸°¡ ps/127.0.0 ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÀúÀåµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ½À» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ps/127.0.0 ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ÀÌ¹Ì ¼³¸íÇÏ¿´´Ù. ³»¿ëÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.


@               IN      SOA     ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
                                1       ; Serial
                                8H      ; Refresh
                                2H      ; Retry
                                1W      ; Expire
                                1D)     ; Minimum TTL
                        NS      ns.linux.bogus.
1                       PTR     localhost.

À§ÀÇ named.conf ÆÄÀÏ°ú´Â ´ëÁ¶ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­´Â ¿ÏÀüÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀθí(full domain name)ÀÇ ³¡¿¡´Â ¸ðµÎ `.'ÀÌ ÀÖÀ½¿¡ À¯ÀÇÇÏÀÚ. Some people like to start each zone file with a $ORIGIN directive, but this is superfluous. The origin (where in the DNS hierarchy it belongs) of a zone file is specified on the zone section of the named.conf file, in this case it's 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa.

ÀÌ `Á¸(zone) ÆÄÀÏ'¿¡´Â `resource records' (RRs)°¡ 3°³ ÀÖ´Ù. SOA, NS, ±×¸®°í PTRÀÌ´Ù. SOA´Â `Start Of Authority'ÀÇ Ãà¾à¾îÀÌ´Ù. `@'Àº originÀ» ¶æÇϴ Ư¼ö¹®ÀÚÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ `µµ¸ÞÀÎ' Ç׸ñÀÌ 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa À̹ǷΠùÁÙÀÇ Àǹ̴ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.

0.0.127.in-addr.arpa.   IN      SOA ...

NS´Â ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹ö RRÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ÁÙ¿¡´Â óÀ½¿¡ '@' ¹®ÀÚ°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ¹Ù·Î À§¿¡¼­ '@' ¹®ÀÚ·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÑ ÁÙÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î À̸¦ ¾Ï¹¬ÀûÀ¸·Î µû¸¥´Ù. Ÿ¼öµµ ÁÙÀÏ°â.. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î NS ÁÙÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.

0.0.127.in-addr.arpa.   IN      NS      ns.linux.bogus

0.0.127.in-addr.arpa µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹ö°¡ ns.linux.bogusÀÓÀ» ´Ù¸¥ DNSµé¿¡°Ô ¾Ë·Á ÁØ´Ù. 'ns'°¡ ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹öÀÇ À̸§À¸·Î °ü·Êó·³ ¾²ÀδÙ. ±×·¯³ª À¥¼­¹öÀÇ À̸§ÀÌ °ü·ÊÀûÀ¸·Î www.somethingÀÌµí ´Ù¸¥ À̸§À» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °Íµµ ¹«¹æÇÏ´Ù.

¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î PTR Ç׸ñÀº 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa ¼­ºê³Ý¿¡¼­ ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ 1ÀΠȣ½ºÆ®, Áï 127.0.0,1ÀÇ À̸§ÀÌ localhostÀÓÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.

SOA Ç׸ñÀº Á¸ ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¸Ó¸®¸»·Î °¢ Á¸ ÆÄÀϸ¶´Ù ²À Çϳª¾¿, ùÁÙ¿¡ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀÖ¾î¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ Ç׸ñÀº ÇöÀç ¼³Á¤ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â Primary ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹öÀÇ À̸§Àº ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö (ns.linux.bogus), °ü¸®ÀÚ´Â ´©±¸ÀÎÁö, (hostmaster@linux.bogus), Á¸ ÆÄÀÏÀº ¹öÀüÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô µÇ´ÂÁö (serial: 1), ij½Ã ¼³Á¤°ú secondary DNS ¼­¹ö¿¡ °üÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ³²Àº Ç׸ñµéÀº refresh, retry, expire, ±×¸®°í minimumÀε¥, ÀÌ ¹®¼­¿Í µ¿ÀÏÇÑ °ªÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤Çϸé, Å©°Ô ½Å°æ¾²Áö ¾Ê¾Æµµ Àß ÀÛµ¿ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

ÀÌÁ¦ ndc restart ¸í·ÉÀ¸·Î named¸¦ Àç½ÃÀÛÇÏ°í nslookupÀ¸·Î Áö±Ý±îÁö ¼³Á¤ÇÑ °ÍÀ» ½ÃÇèÇØ º¸ÀÚ.

$ nslookup

Default Server:  localhost
Address:  127.0.0.1

> 127.0.0.1
Server:  localhost
Address:  127.0.0.1

Name:    localhost
Address:  127.0.0.1

À§¿¡¼­ IP 127.0.0.1¿¡ ¸ÅÇÎµÈ È£½ºÆ®¸í localhost¸¦ ã´Âµ¥ ¼º°øÇß´Ù. ±Â  ÀÌÁ¦ named.conf¿¡ Á¸(zone)À» »õ·Î Ãß°¡ÇÏ¿© ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ÁÖ¸ñÀûÀÎ linux.bogus µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇØ º¸ÀÚ.


zone "linux.bogus" {
        notify no;
        type master;
        file "pz/linux.bogus";
};

named.conf ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ µµ¸ÞÀÎ ³×ÀÓ ¸¶Áö¸·¿¡ `.'ÀÌ ¾ø´Ù´Â °Í¿¡ ÁÖÀÇÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.

linux.bogus Á¸ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ 100% °¡»ó µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ »ðÀÔÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.


;
; Zone file for linux.bogus
;
; The full zone file
;
@       IN      SOA     ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
                        199802151       ; serial, todays date + todays serial #
                        8H              ; refresh, seconds
                        2H              ; retry, seconds
                        1W              ; expire, seconds
                        1D )            ; minimum, seconds
;
                NS      ns              ; Inet Address of name server
                MX      10 mail.linux.bogus     ; Primary Mail Exchanger
                MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.   ; Secondary Mail Exchanger
;
localhost       A       127.0.0.1
ns              A       192.168.196.2
mail            A       192.168.196.4

SOA Ç׸ñ¿¡¼­ 2°¡Áö¸¦ ÁÖÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ns.linux.bogus´Â A ·¹Äڵ尡 ÀÖ´Â ½ÇÁ¦ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀ̾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. SOA ·¹Äڵ忡¼­ ¾ð±ÞµÈ ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ ´Ù¸¥ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ·Î ¾Ë¸®¾Æ½ÌÇÏ´Â CNAME ·¹Äڵ尡 ÀÖÀ¸¸é ±ÔÄ¢¿¡ ¾î±ß³­´Ù. À̸§ÀÌ `ns'ÀÏ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾øÀ¸¸ç ´Ù¸¥ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ» »ç¿ëÇصµ ¹«¹æÇÏ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î, hostmaster.linux.bogus´Â hostmaster@linux.bogus·Î ÀÐÀ¸¸é µÈ´Ù. DNS °ü¸®ÀÚÀÇ ¸ÞÀÏ ¾Ë¸®¾Æ½º³ª ¸ÞÀϹڽº¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â °÷ÀÌ´Ù. µµ¸ÞÀÎ °ü·Ã ¸ÞÀÏÀº ¸ðµÎ ÀÌ ÁÖ¼Ò·Î ¹è´ÞµÈ´Ù. À̸§ÀÌ `hostmaster'ÀÏ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø´Ù. ÀüÀÚ¿ìÆí ÁÖ¼Ò¶ó¸é ¾î¶² °ÍÀ» »ç¿ëÇصµ »ó°ü¾øÁö¸¸, `hostmaster'¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °Íµµ ³ª»ÚÁö ¾Ê´Ù.

ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡´Â MX(Mail eXchanger)¶ó´Â »õ·Î¿î RR À¯ÇüÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. someone@linux.bogusÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò·Î µé¾î¿À´Â ¸ÞÀÏÀ» ó¸®ÇÒ ¸ÞÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. À§ÀÇ ¿¹¿¡¼­ someone@linux.bogus ÁÖ¼Ò·Î ¼ö½ÅµÇ´Â ¸ÞÀÏÀº mail.linux.bogus ¶Ç´Â mail.friend.bogus·Î º¸³½´Ù. È£½ºÆ®¸í ¹Ù·Î ¾Õ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼ýÀÚ´Â MX Ç׸ñÀÇ ¿ì¼± ¼øÀ§À» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ¸ÞÀÏÀº ÀÌ ¼ýÀÚ°¡ °¡Àå ³·Àº(¿©±â¼­´Â 10) RR¿¡ ¸ÞÀÏÀ» º¸³½´Ù. ¿©±â¼­ ½ÇÆÐÇÏ¸é ¼ýÀÚ°¡ ±× ´ÙÀ½À¸·Î ³·Àº µÎ¹ø° ¸ÞÀÏ ¼­¹ö Áï, ¿ì¼± ¼øÀ§°¡ 20ÀÏ mail.friend.bogusÀ¸·Î º¸³¾ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

ndc restart·Î 'named'¸¦ Àç½ÃÀÛÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ nslookupÀ¸·Î °á°ú¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÏÀÚ.

$ nslookup
> set q=any
> linux.bogus
Server:  localhost
Address:  127.0.0.1

linux.bogus
        origin = ns.linux.bogus
        mail addr = hostmaster.linux.bogus
        serial = 199802151
        refresh = 28800 (8 hours)
        retry   = 7200 (2 hours)
        expire  = 604800 (7 days)
        minimum ttl = 86400 (1 day)
linux.bogus     nameserver = ns.linux.bogus
linux.bogus     preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.linux.bogus.linux.bogus
linux.bogus     preference = 20, mail exchanger = mail.friend.bogus
linux.bogus     nameserver = ns.linux.bogus
ns.linux.bogus  internet address = 192.168.196.2
mail.linux.bogus        internet address = 192.168.196.4

À§ °á°ú¸¦ Àß »ìÆ캸¸é ¹ö±×¸¦ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

linux.bogus     preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.linux.bogus.linux.bogus

À§ ¶óÀÎÀº Ʋ·È´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Ãâ·ÂµÇ¾î¾ß Á¤»óÀÌ´Ù.

linux.bogus     preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.linux.bogus

¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Á» ´õ Àß ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÀÌ ºÎºÐ¿¡ ½Ç¼ö¸¦ ÀϺη¯ ³Ö¾î µÎ¾ú´Ù. ;-) Á¸ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ ´ÙÀ½ ¶óÀÎÀ» ãµµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ.

                MX      10 mail.linux.bogus     ; Primary Mail Exchanger

¸¶Áö¸·¿¡ Á¡ÀÌ ºüÁ³´Ù. °íÄ¡Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é `linux.bogus'°¡ ºÙ¾î ³ª¿À°Ô µÈ´Ù. Á¸ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀÌ Á¡À¸·Î ³¡³ªÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é linux.bogus.linux.bogusó·³ originÀÌ Ã·ºÎµÈ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î


                MX      10 mail.linux.bogus.    ; Primary Mail Exchanger

¶Ç´Â


                MX      10 mail                 ; Primary Mail Exchanger

·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿Ã¹Ù¸£´Ù. ÀúÀڴ ŸÀÌÇÎ ¼ö°¡ ÀûÀº ÈÄÀÚ¸¦ ´õ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ´Ù. bind¸¦ Àß ¾Æ´Â »ç¿ëÀÚµé Áß¿¡´Â ¿©±â¿¡ µ¿ÀÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â »ç¶÷µµ ÀÖ°í, µ¿ÀÇÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µµ ÀÖ´Ù. Áö¿ª ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº `.'À¸·Î ³¡³ª°Ô ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ Àû°Å³ª ¾Æ´Ï¸é µðÆúÆ®ÀÎ origin¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ºÎºÐÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏÁö ¸»¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

°­Á¶Çϰǵ¥ named.conf ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎ ³×ÀÓÀÇ ³¡¿¡ `.'ÀÌ ¾ø¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. `.'ÀÌ ÀÖ°í ¾øÀ½ÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª ÀÏÀ» ²¿ÀÌ°Ô ¸¸µé°í »ç¶÷µéÀ» È¥¶õ½º·´°Ô ¸¸µå´ÂÁö »ó»óµµ ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

¿©±â ÀúÀÚÀÇ °ßÇØ°¡ ¹Ý¿µµÈ »õ·Î¿î Á¸ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÚ·á°¡ ¾à°£ ´õÇØÁ³´Ù.


;
; Zone file for linux.bogus
;
; The full zone file
;
@       IN      SOA     ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
                        199802151       ; serial, todays date + todays serial #
                        8H              ; refresh, seconds
                        2H              ; retry, seconds
                        1W              ; expire, seconds
                        1D )            ; minimum, seconds
;
                TXT     "Linux.Bogus, your DNS consultants"
                NS      ns              ; Inet Address of name server
                NS      ns.friend.bogus.
                MX      10 mail         ; Primary Mail Exchanger
                MX      20 mail.friend.bogus. ; Secondary Mail Exchanger

localhost       A       127.0.0.1

gw              A       192.168.196.1
                HINFO   "Cisco" "IOS"
                TXT     "The router"

ns              A       192.168.196.2
                MX      10 mail
                MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
                HINFO   "Pentium" "Linux 2.0"
www             CNAME   ns

donald          A       192.168.196.3
                MX      10 mail
                MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
                HINFO   "i486"  "Linux 2.0"
                TXT     "DEK"

mail            A       192.168.196.4
                MX      10 mail
                MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
                HINFO   "386sx" "Linux 1.2"

ftp             A       192.168.196.5
                MX      10 mail
                MX      20 mail.friend.bogus.
                HINFO   "P6" "Linux 2.1.86"

À§¿¡ »õ·Î¿î RRÀÌ ²Ï ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. HINFO(Host INFOrmation)Àº µÎ ºÎºÐÀ¸·Î À̷ξîÁ® Àִµ¥ °¢°¢À» Å«µû¿ÈÇ¥·Î µÑ·¯ ½Î´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. ¾ÕºÎºÐÀº ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ Çϵå¿þ¾î ¶Ç´Â CPU Á¤º¸ÀÌ´Ù. µÎ¹ø° ºÎºÐÀº ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ¶Ç´Â OS Á¤º¸ÀÌ´Ù. `ns' ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ´Â Pentium CPU¿¡ Linux 2.0À» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. CNAME(Canonical NAME)Àº ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ Çϳª¿¡ À̸§À» ¿©·¯ °³ ºÎ¿©ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î wwwÀº ns¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾Ë¸®¾Æ½ºÀÌ´Ù.

CNAME ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ ¿ë¹ýÀº ¾à°£ ³íÀïÀÇ ¿©Áö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´ÙÀ½ ±ÔÄ¢À» µû¸£¸é ¾ÈÀüÇÏ´Ù. MX, CNAME, SOA Ç׸ñÀº CNAME ·¹ÄÚµå¿Í´Â Àý´ë·Î ¿¬°áÇÏÁö ¸»¾Æ¾ß ÇÏ°í, A Ç׸ñÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °¡Áø ´Ù¸¥°Í°ú ¿¬°áÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Áï, ´ÙÀ½Àº À߸ø ¼³Á¤ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.


foobar          CNAME   www                     ; NO!

¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿Ã¹Ù¸£´Ù.


foobar          CNAME   ns                      ; Yes!

¶ÇÇÑ CNAMEÀº ÀüÀÚ¿ìÆí ÁÖ¼Ò·Î ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÑ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó°í °¡Á¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾ÈÀüÇÏ´Ù. Áï, webmaster@www.linux.bogus´Â ±ÔÁ¤¿¡ ¾î±ß³­ ÀüÀÚ¿ìÆí ÁÖ¼ÒÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ °¡Á¤À» µû¸£Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ºñ·Ï µ¿ÀÛÀº ÇÏ°ÚÁö¸¸ ¸ÞÀÏ °ü¸®°¡ »ó´çÈ÷ ¾î·Á¿öÁø´Ù. À̸¦ ¸·À¸·Á¸é A ·¹ÄÚµå(¶Ç´Â MX °°Àº ·¹ÄÚµå)¸¦ ´ë½Å »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.


www             A       192.168.196.2

¸¹Àº bind Àü¹®°¡µéÀº CNAMEÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸» °ÍÀ» ±ÇÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾ÆÁÖ ½ÅÁßÇÏ°Ô °ËÅäÇØ º¸¶ó.

±×·¯³ª ¿©·¯ºÐµµ ¾Ëµí, ÀÌ ÇÏ¿ìÅõµµ ±×·¸°í ¸¹Àº »çÀÌÆ®°¡ ÀÌ ±ÔÄ¢À» µû¸£Áö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù.

ndc reload·Î µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ »õ·Î ÀÐ¾î µéÀÌÀÚ. ndc reload¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϸé named´Â ÆÄÀϵéÀ» ´Ù½Ã Àд´Ù.

$ nslookup
Default Server:  localhost
Address:  127.0.0.1

> ls -d linux.bogus

ÀÌ´Â ¸ðµç ·¹Äڵ尡 Ãâ·ÂµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÔÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù . °á°ú´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.

[localhost]
$ORIGIN linux.bogus.
@                       1D IN SOA       ns hostmaster (
                                        199802151       ; serial
                                        8H              ; refresh
                                        2H              ; retry
                                        1W              ; expiry
                                        1D )            ; minimum

                        1D IN NS        ns
                        1D IN NS        ns.friend.bogus.
                        1D IN TXT       "Linux.Bogus, your DNS consultants"
                        1D IN MX        10 mail
                        1D IN MX        20 mail.friend.bogus.
gw                      1D IN A         192.168.196.1
                        1D IN HINFO     "Cisco" "IOS"
                        1D IN TXT       "The router"
mail                    1D IN A         192.168.196.4
                        1D IN MX        10 mail
                        1D IN MX        20 mail.friend.bogus.
                        1D IN HINFO     "386sx" "Linux 1.0.9"
localhost               1D IN A         127.0.0.1
www                     1D IN CNAME     ns
donald                  1D IN A         192.168.196.3
                        1D IN MX        10 mail
                        1D IN MX        20 mail.friend.bogus.
                        1D IN HINFO     "i486" "Linux 1.2"
                        1D IN TXT       "DEK"
ftp                     1D IN A         192.168.196.5
                        1D IN MX        10 mail
                        1D IN MX        20 mail.friend.bogus.
                        1D IN HINFO     "P6" "Linux 1.3.59"
ns                      1D IN A         192.168.196.2
                        1D IN MX        10 mail
                        1D IN MX        20 mail.friend.bogus.
                        1D IN HINFO     "Pentium" "Linux 1.2"
@                       1D IN SOA       ns hostmaster (
                                        199802151       ; serial
                                        8H              ; refresh
                                        2H              ; retry
                                        1W              ; expiry
                                        1D )            ; minimum

°á°ú°¡ À§¿Í °°´Ù¸é Á¤»óÀÌ´Ù. À§ °á°ú´Â ¹Ù·Î Á¸ ÆÄÀÏ°ú ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô º¸ÀδÙ. www¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ¹«¾î¶ó ¸»ÇÏ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇØ º¸ÀÚ.

> set q=any
> www.linux.bogus.
Server:  localhost
Address:  127.0.0.1

www.linux.bogus canonical name = ns.linux.bogus
linux.bogus     nameserver = ns.linux.bogus
linux.bogus     nameserver = ns.friend.bogus
ns.linux.bogus  internet address = 192.168.196.2

´Þ¸® Ç¥ÇöÇÏÀÚ¸é, www.linux.bogusÀÇ ½ÇÁ¦ À̸§Àº ns.linux.bogusÀÌ´Ù. µµÇÑ ns¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸µµ ÇÔ²² ¹ÝȯÇØ Áֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº ÀÌ Á¤º¸¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© ns(wwwÀ̱⵵ ÇÔ)¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

ÀÌÁ¦ ÇÑ ¹Ý Á¤µµ¸¦ ¼³¸íÇÏ¿´´Ù.

4.3 ¿ªº¯È¯ Á¸(The reverse zone)

ÀÌÁ¦ Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ® ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µéÀÌ linux.bogu µµ¸ÞÀΠȣ½ºÆ®µéÀÇ À̸§À» ÁÖ¼Ò·Î º¯È¯ÇÏ¿© ¿øÇÏ´Â ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¸Áö¸¸, ¿ªº¯È¯ Á¸ÀÌ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î¾ß DNS°¡ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ À̸§À¸·Î º¯È¯ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. FTP, IRC, WWW µî ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¼­¹ö°¡ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿Í Åë½ÅÀ» Çã¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀÎÁö, Çã¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é ¾î¶² ¿ì¼± ¼øÀ§¸¦ ÁÙ °ÍÀÎÁö °áÁ¤ÇÏ´Â µ¥ ¹Ù·Î È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿ªº¯È¯ Á¸ÀÌ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¾ß¸¸ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ°¡ ¸ðµç ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ ¿ÏÀüÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

¾Æ·¡ ³»¿ëÀ» named.conf ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ »ðÀÔÇÏÀÚ.


zone "196.168.192.in-addr.arpa" {
        notify no;
        type master;
        file "pz/192.168.196";
};

0.0.127.in-addr.arpa°ú µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù. ³»¿ëµµ ºñ½ÁÇÏ´Ù.


@       IN      SOA     ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
                        199802151 ; Serial, todays date + todays serial
                        8H      ; Refresh
                        2H      ; Retry
                        1W      ; Expire
                        1D)     ; Minimum TTL
                NS      ns.linux.bogus.

1               PTR     gw.linux.bogus.
2               PTR     ns.linux.bogus.
3               PTR     donald.linux.bogus.
4               PTR     mail.linux.bogus.
5               PTR     ftp.linux.bogus.

ÀÌÁ¦ ´ç½ÅÀÇ named¸¦ Àç½ÃÀÛ(ndc restart)ÇÏ°í nslookupÀ¸·Î Áö±Ý±îÁö ¼³Á¤ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ» È®ÀÎÇØ º¸ÀÚ.


> 192.168.196.4
Server:  localhost
Address:  127.0.0.1

Name:    mail.linux.bogus
Address:  192.168.196.4

À§¿Í °°ÀÌ Á¦´ë·Î º¸À̸é, È®Àλï¾Æ Àüü¸¦ ´ýÇÁ½ÃÄÑ º¸ÀÚ.


> ls -d 196.168.192.in-addr.arpa
[localhost]
$ORIGIN 196.168.192.in-addr.arpa.
@                       1D IN SOA       ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
                                        199802151       ; serial
                                        8H              ; refresh
                                        2H              ; retry
                                        1W              ; expiry
                                        1D )            ; minimum

                        1D IN NS        ns.linux.bogus.
1                       1D IN PTR       gw.linux.bogus.
2                       1D IN PTR       ns.linux.bogus.
3                       1D IN PTR       donald.linux.bogus.
4                       1D IN PTR       mail.linux.bogus.
5                       1D IN PTR       ftp.linux.bogus.
@                       1D IN SOA       ns.linux.bogus. hostmaster.linux.bogus. (
                                        199802151       ; serial
                                        8H              ; refresh
                                        2H              ; retry
                                        1W              ; expiry
                                        1D )            ; minimum

¿Í¿ì, ¼º°øÀÌ´Ù!

¿©±â¿¡ º¸ÃæÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ ¾à°£ ÀÖ´Ù. À§ÀÇ ¿¹¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÈ IP ¼ýÀÚµéÀº 'private nets' ºí·°Áß¿¡¼­ Çϳª¸¦ ÅÃÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀÎÅͳݿ¡ ¹°·Á¼­ °ø½ÄÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇ¾î¼­´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ HOWTO¿¡¼­ ¿¹Á¦·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾ÈÀüÇÏ´Ù. µÎ¹ø°´Â notify no; ÁÙÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº 'named'°¡ ±× Áö¿ª ÆÄÀϵé Áß¿¡¼­ Çϳª°¡ °»½ÅµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ secondary(slave) ¼­¹ö¿¡°Ô ¾Ë¸®Áö ¾Êµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. bind-8¿¡¼­´Â Áö¿ª ÆÄÀÏÀÌ °»½ÅµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ Áö¿ª ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ³ª¿­µÈ NS ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ ¼­¹ö¿¡°Ô 'named'°¡ ¾Ë·ÁÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀº DNS¸¦ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¿î¿µÇÒ ¶§´Â Æí¸®ÇÏÁö¸¸ »çÀûÀÎ ¿¬½À¿¡´Â ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀ» ²¨¾ßÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿ì¸®ÀÇ ¿¬½ÀÀ¸·Î ÀÎÅͳÝÀ» ¿À¿°½Ãų ¼ö´Â ¾øÁö ¾ÊÀº°¡?

Áö±Ý±îÁö »ç¿ëÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀεµ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ °¡»óÀÌ°í, ±× Áּҵ鵵 ½ÇÁ¦·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ¿¹´Â ´ÙÀ½ ÀýÀ» ÂüÁ¶Ç϶ó.

5. µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¼³Á¤ÀÇ ½ÇÁ¦ ¿¹

¿©±â¿¡¼­ ½ÇÁ¦ Á¸ ÆÄÀÏ ¸î °³¸¦ ´Ù·ê °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

»ç¿ëÀÚµéÀÌ ±³À°ÀûÀÎ ¿¹¿Í ÇÔ²² ½ÇÁ¦·Î »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ¿¹¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇØ ÁÙ °ÍÀ» Á¦¾ÈÇß´Ù.

LAND-5ÀÇ David Bullock ¾¾ÀÇ Çã¶ôÇÏ¿¡ ¾Æ·¡ ¿¹µéÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ÆÄÀϵéÀº 1996³â 9¿ù 24ÀÏ¿¡ ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´Ù. bind-8 Á¶°Ç¿¡ ¸Â°Ô ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ¿´°í ÀúÀÚ°¡ Á» ´õ È®ÀåÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÇöÀçÀÇ LAND-5 ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹ö¿¡ Äõ¸®¸¦ ÇÑ´Ù¸é ¿©±â¼­¿Í´Â Á¶±ÝÀº ´Ù¸¥ °á°ú¸¦ ¾ò°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

5.1 /etc/named.conf (¶Ç´Â /var/named/named.conf)

¿©±â¼­ 127.0.0 °ú LAND-5ÀÇ 206.6.177 ¼­ºê³Ý¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¿ªº¯È¯ Á¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸¶½ºÅÍ Á¸ ¼½¼ÇÀ» »ìÆ캸ÀÚ. ±×¸®°í lang-5.com Á¸À» »ìÆì º¸ÀÚ. ÀÌ ÇÏ¿ìÅõ¿¡¼­ ÀúÀÚ´Â pz ¶ó´Â µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ÆÄÀϵéÀ» µÎ¾úÁö¸¸ ±×´Â zonezone À̶ó´Â µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ µÎ°í ÀÖÀ½¿¡ ÁÖÀÇÇÏÀÚ.


// Boot file for LAND-5 name server

options {
        directory "/var/named";
};

zone "." {
        type hint;
        file "root.hints";
};

zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" {
        type master;
        file "zone/127.0.0";
};

zone "land-5.com" {
        type master;
        file "zone/land-5.com";
};

zone "177.6.206.in-addr.arpa" {
        type master;
        file "zone/206.6.177";
};

À§ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» ½ÇÁ¦·Î named.conf¿¡ ³Ö¾î¼­ Å×½ºÆ®ÇÒ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â, »ç°í°¡ ÀϾÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï lang-5 Á¸°ú ¿ªº¯È¯ Á¸ µÎ °÷¿¡ notify no; ¶óÀÎÀ» ¹Ýµå½Ã ³Ö¾î¶ó.

5.2 /var/named/root.hints

ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀº À¯µ¿ÀûÀÓÀ» ¸í½ÉÇ϶ó. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿©±â ³ª¿­µÈ Á¤º¸´Â ¿¹Àü °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌÀü¿¡ ¼³¸íµÇ¾ú´ø dig·Î »êÃâµÈ ÇöÀçÀÇ °ÍÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÈξÀ ³ªÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.


; <<>> DiG 8.1 <<>> @A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 
; (1 server found)
;; res options: init recurs defnam dnsrch
;; got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 10
;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 13, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 13
;; QUERY SECTION:
;;      ., type = NS, class = IN

;; ANSWER SECTION:
.                       6D IN NS        G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D IN NS        J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D IN NS        K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D IN NS        L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D IN NS        M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D IN NS        A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D IN NS        H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D IN NS        B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D IN NS        C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D IN NS        D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D IN NS        E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D IN NS        I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
.                       6D IN NS        F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
G.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    192.112.36.4
J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    198.41.0.10
K.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    193.0.14.129
L.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    198.32.64.12
M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    202.12.27.33
A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    198.41.0.4
H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    128.63.2.53
B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    128.9.0.107
C.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    192.33.4.12
D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    128.8.10.90
E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    192.203.230.10
I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    192.36.148.17
F.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     5w6d16h IN A    192.5.5.241

;; Total query time: 215 msec
;; FROM: roke.uio.no to SERVER: A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.  198.41.0.4
;; WHEN: Sun Feb 15 01:22:51 1998
;; MSG SIZE  sent: 17  rcvd: 436

5.3 /var/named/zone/127.0.0

±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î Çʼö ·¹ÄÚµåÀÎ SOA ·¹Äڵ尡 ÇÊ¿äÇϸç, 127.0.0.1À» localhost·Î ¸ÅÇÎÇØ ÁÖ´Â ·¹Äڵ尡 ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ±× ¿ÜÀÇ °ÍµéÀÌ ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ À־´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ¹Ù²î°Å³ª hostmaster ¸ÞÀÏ ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ ¹Ù²îÁö ¾Ê´Â ÇÑ ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀº °»½ÅÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù.


@               IN      SOA     land-5.com. root.land-5.com. (
                                199609203       ; Serial
                                28800   ; Refresh
                                7200    ; Retry
                                604800  ; Expire
                                86400)  ; Minimum TTL
                        NS      land-5.com.
        
1                       PTR     localhost.

5.4 /var/named/zone/land-5.com

Çʼö ·¹ÄÚµåÀÎ SOA ·¹Äڵ尡 ÇÊ¿äÇϸç, NS ·¹Äڵ嵵 ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. secondary ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹ö·Î ns2.psi.netÀÌ ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Ë¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¼­¹ö´Â ¹é¾÷¿ëÀ¸·Î Ç×»ó »çÀÌÆ® ¹Û¿¡ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ ´ã´çÇÏ´Â ¸¶½ºÅÍ È£½ºÆ®·Î lang-5¸¦ µÎ¾ú°í, ±×·¯ÇÑ Ã³¸®¸¦ CNAMEÀ¸·Î ÇØ°áÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (A ·¹Äڵ带 »ç¿ëÇÑ ¹æ¹ýµµ ÀÖ´Ù.)

SOA Ç׸ñ¿¡¼­ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖµíÀÌ, Á¸ ÆÄÀÏÀº originÀÌ land-5.comÀÌ¸ç °ü¸®ÀÚ´Â root@land-5.comÀÌ´Ù. hostmaster´Â °ü¸®ÀÚÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò·Î ÀÚÁÖ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ½Ã¸®¾ó ³Ñ¹ö´Â ÀÇ·ÊÀûÀ¸·Î yyyymmdd Çü½Ä¿¡ ±×³¯ÀÇ ½Ã¸®¾ó ³Ñ¹ö¸¦ µ¡ºÙÀδÙ. ¾Æ·¡¼­ º¸¸é ¾Æ¸¶ ÀÌ Áö¿ª ÆÄÀÏÀº 1996³â 9¿ù 20ÀÏ¿¡ 6¹ø° ¼öÁ¤ÇÑ ¹öÀüÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ½Ã¸®¾ó ³Ñ¹ö´Â ÇѹæÇâÀ¸·Î¸¸ Áõ°¡ÇØ¾ß ÇÔÀ» ¸í½ÉÇÏÀÚ. ¿©±â¼­´Â ±×³¯ÀÇ ½Ã¸®¾ó ³Ñ¹ö°¡ ÇÑÀÚ¸®´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î 9¹øÀ» ÆíÁýÇÏ°í ³ª¼­ ¶Ç ÆíÁýÇÏ·Á¸é ³»ÀÏÀ» ±â´Ù·Á¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. µÎ ÀÚ¸®¼ö »ç¿ëÀ» °í·ÁÇÏÀÚ.


@       IN      SOA     land-5.com. root.land-5.com. (
                        199609206       ; serial, todays date + todays serial #
                        8H              ; refresh, seconds
                        2H              ; retry, seconds
                        1W              ; expire, seconds
                        1D )            ; minimum, seconds
                NS      land-5.com.
                NS      ns2.psi.net.
                MX      10 land-5.com.  ; Primary Mail Exchanger

localhost       A       127.0.0.1

router          A       206.6.177.1
        
land-5.com.     A       206.6.177.2
ns              A       206.6.177.3
www             A       207.159.141.192

ftp             CNAME   land-5.com.
mail            CNAME   land-5.com.
news            CNAME   land-5.com.

funn            A       206.6.177.2
@               TXT     "LAND-5 Corporation"

;
;       Workstations
;
ws-177200       A       206.6.177.200
                MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
ws-177201       A       206.6.177.201
                MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
ws-177202       A       206.6.177.202
                MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
ws-177203       A       206.6.177.203
                MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
ws-177204       A       206.6.177.204
                MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
ws-177205       A       206.6.177.205
                MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
; {Many repetitive definitions deleted - SNIP}
ws-177250       A       206.6.177.250
                MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
ws-177251       A       206.6.177.251
                MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
ws-177252       A       206.6.177.252
                MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
ws-177253       A       206.6.177.253
                MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host
ws-177254       A       206.6.177.254
                MX      10 land-5.com.   ; Primary Mail Host

land-5ÀÇ ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹ö¸¦ È®ÀÎÇØ º¸¸é ¾Ë°ÚÁö¸¸ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀÌ ws_numberÀÇ Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹ÀüÀÇ bind 4 ¹öÀü¿¡¼­´Â named°¡ ½ÃÀÛÇÒ ¶§, È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹®ÀÚ Á¦ÇÑÀ» °­Á¦·Î ÁؼöÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª bind-8¿¡¼­´Â ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¹Ç·Î '_'(underline) ´ë½Å '-'(dash)·Î ¹Ù²å´Ù.

¶Ç Çϳª ÁÖ¸ñÇÒ »çÇ×Àº ¿÷½ºÅ×À̼ǵéÀº °³°³ÀÇ À̸§ÀÌ ¾ø°í IP ¼ýÀÚÀÇ ³¡ µÎºÎºÐÀ» À̸§À¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·± °ü·Ê´Â À¯Áö º¸¼ö¸¦ »ó´çÈ÷ ´Ü¼øÈ­ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´ë½Å Á¶±ÝÀº ºñÀΰ£ÀûÀ̶ó °í°´µé »çÀÌ¿¡ ºÒ¸¸ÀÇ ¿äÀÎÀÌ µÉ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

¶ÇÇÑ funn.land-5.comÀÌ land-5.com¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾Ë¸®¾Æ½ºÀÓÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª CNAME Ç׸ñÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ A Ç׸ñÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

5.5 /var/named/zone/206.6.177

ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â Àá½Ã ÈÄ¿¡ ¼³¸íÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.


@               IN      SOA     land-5.com. root.land-5.com. (
                                199609206       ; Serial
                                28800   ; Refresh
                                7200    ; Retry
                                604800  ; Expire
                                86400)  ; Minimum TTL
                        NS      land-5.com.
                        NS      ns2.psi.net.
;
;       Servers
;
1       PTR     router.land-5.com.
2       PTR     land-5.com.
2       PTR     funn.land-5.com.
;
;       Workstations
;
200     PTR     ws-177200.land-5.com.
201     PTR     ws-177201.land-5.com.
202     PTR     ws-177202.land-5.com.
203     PTR     ws-177203.land-5.com.
204     PTR     ws-177204.land-5.com.
205     PTR     ws-177205.land-5.com.
; {Many repetitive definitions deleted - SNIP}
250     PTR     ws-177250.land-5.com.
251     PTR     ws-177251.land-5.com.
252     PTR     ws-177252.land-5.com.
253     PTR     ws-177253.land-5.com.
254     PTR     ws-177254.land-5.com.

¿ªº¯È¯ Á¸Àº Àç³­ÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀ» Àç³­À» ÀÏÀ¸Å°´Â ¼³Á¤ ºÎºÐÀ¸·Î º¸ÀδÙ. ¿ªº¯È¯ Á¸Àº ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¾Ë ¶§ ±× È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ» ã´Âµ¥ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ¿¹: ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ°¡ IRC ¼­¹öÀÌ°í IRC Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®ÀÇ Á¢¼ÓÀ» Çã¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±× ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ´Â ³ë¸£¿þÀÌ ¾ð¾î Àü¿ëÀÇ IRC ¼­¹ö·Î ³ë¸£¿þÀÌ¿Í ´Ù¸¥ ½ºÄ­´Ù³ªºñ¾Æ ¹Ýµµ ±¹°¡¿¡ Àִ Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®ÀÇ Á¢¼Ó ¸¸À» Çã¶ôÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù. Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®·ÎºÎÅÍ Á¢¼ÓÀÌ ÀÖÀ»¶§ C ¶óÀ̺귯¸®´Â Á¢¼ÓÇϴ Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ® ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¾Ë·ÁÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ³×Æ®¿÷À» Áö³ª´Â ¸ðµç ÆÐŶ¿¡ Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ® ÄÄÇ»ÀÇ IP ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî Àֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ IRC ¼­¹ö´Â ÁÖ¾îÁø IP ÁּҷΠȣ½ºÆ®¸íÀ» ã´Â gethostbyaddr ÇÔ¼ö¸¦ È£ÃâÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Gethostbyaddr ÇÔ¼ö´Â DNS ¼­¹ö¸¦ ãÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í´Â ÄÄÇ»Å͸¦ ã´Â Ç×Çظ¦ ÇÑ´Ù. ws-177200.land-5.com¿¡¼­ Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®°¡ Á¢¼ÓÇß´Ù°í °¡Á¤Çϸé C ¶óÀ̺귯¸®°¡ IRC ¼­¹ö¿¡°Ô °Ç³×´Â IP ÁÖ¼Ò´Â 206.6.177.200ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ» ãÀ¸·Á¸é 200.177.6.206.in-addr.arpaÀ» ã¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. DNS ¼­¹ö´Â ¸ÕÀú arpa. ¼­¹ö¸¦ ã´Â´Ù. ±×·± ´ÙÀ½ in-addr.arpa. ¼­¹ö¸¦, ±× ´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â 206À», ±× ´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â 6À», ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î land-5¿¡¼­ 177.6.206.in-addr.arpa zoneÀ» ´ã´çÇÏ´Â ¼­¹ö¸¦ ã´Â´Ù. °Å±â¼­ ¸¶Ä§³» 200.177.6.206.in-addr.arpa¶ó´Â ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡ `PTR ws-177200.land-5.com'À̶ó´Â ·¹Äڵ尡 ¸ÅÇεǾî ÀÖ´Ù´Â ÀÀ´äÀ» ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±× Àǹ̴ 206.6.177.200ÀÇ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀÌ ws-177200.land-5.comÀ̶ó´Â °ÍÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. prep.ai.mit.eduÀÇ ¼³¸í¿¡¼­¿Í ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ÀÌ ¼³¸íÀº Ç㱸¿¡ °¡±õ´Ù.

IRC ¼­¹öÀÇ ¿¹·Î µ¹¾Æ°¡ÀÚ. À§ÀÇ IRC ¼­¹ö´Â *.no, *.se, *.dk¿Í °°Àº ½ºÄ­´Ù³ªºñ¾Æ ¹Ýµµ ÁÖº¯±¹¿¡¼­ÀÇ Á¢¼Ó¸¸À» Çã¿ëÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù. ws-177200.land-5.com´Â ÇØ´ç »çÇ×ÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¹Ç·Î Á¢¼ÓÀ» °ÅºÎÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. in-addr.arpa Á¸¿¡ 206.2.177.200ÀÇ ¿ªº¯È¯ ¸ÅÇÎ(reverse mapping)ÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é ¼­¹ö´Â À̸§À» ¾Ë¼ö ¾øÀ» °ÍÀÌ°í °á±¹Àº 206.2.177.200¶ó´Â ¼ýÀÚ¸¦ *.no, *.se, *.dk¿Í ºñ±³ÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

¿ªº¯È¯ ¸ÅÇÎ(reverse lookup mapping)ÀÌ ¼­¹öÇÑÅ׸¸ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù°í ÇÏ´Â À̵µ ÀÌÀ¸¸ç, ÀüÇô Áß¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù°í ¸»ÇÏ´Â À̵µ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª »ç½ÇÀº ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÑ´Ù. ¸¹Àº ftp, news, IRC, ½ÉÁö¾î http(WWW) ¼­¹öµµ ¸î¸îÀº Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ® ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ À̸§À» ãÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸é Á¢¼ÓÀ» ºÒÇãÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ ¿ªº¯È¯ ¸ÅÇÎÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.

6. À¯Áö º¸¼ö

Ç×»ó ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ ÀÛµ¿À» À§ÇØ (Keeping it working).

named°¡ ½ÇÇàµÇµµ·Ï À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â °Í ¿Ü¿¡ Ç×»ó À¯³äÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. root.hints ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÃÖ½ÅÀÇ °ÍÀ¸·Î À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Á¦ÀÏ ½¬¿î ¹æ¹ýÀº dig¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸ÕÀú ¾Æ¹«·± ¾Æ±Ô¸ÕÆ® ¾øÀÌ dig¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¸é ¹Ù·Î ¼­¹ö¿¡ µû¶ó¼­ ¾à°£Àº ´Ù¸¥ root.hints¸¦ ¾òÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·± ´ÙÀ½ dig @rootserver·Î ³ª¿­µÈ ·çÆ® ¼­¹ö Áß ÇÑ°÷¿¡ ¿äûÇÑ´Ù. root.hints¿Í À¯»çÇÑ ²ûÂïÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ ¾ò°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °á°ú¸¦ ÆÄÀÏ·Î ÀúÀåÇÏ°í(dig @e.root-servers.net . ns >root.hints.new) ¿¹ÀüÀÇ root.hints¿Í ´ëü½ÃŲ´Ù.

ij½¬ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ´ëüÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã named¸¦ Àç½ÃÀÛÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ.

Al Longyear¾¾°¡ root.hints¸¦ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î °»½ÅÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾Æ·¡ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ º¸³» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. crontab¿¡ ³Ö¾î¼­ ÇÑ´Þ¿¡ Çѹø²Ã·Î ½ÇÇàµÇµµ·Ï Çصθé Àؾ µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡¼­´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸ÞÀÏÀÌ ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í ¸ÞÀÏ ¾Ë¸®¾Æ½º `hostmaster'°¡ Á¤ÀǵǾî ÀÖ´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐ¿¡°Ô ¸Â°Ô °íÃÄ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.


#!/bin/sh
#
# Update the nameserver cache information file once per month.
# This is run automatically by a cron entry.
#
# Original by Al Longyear
# Updated for bind 8 by Nicolai Langfeldt
# SERVFAIL problem discovered by David A. Ranch
#
(
 echo "To: hostmaster <hostmaster>"
 echo "From: system <root>"
 echo "Subject: Automatic update of the named.conf file"
 echo

 export PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin:
 cd /var/named

 dig @rs.internic.net . ns >root.hints.new

 case `cat root.hints.new` in
   *SERVFAIL*)
        echo "The named.conf file update has FAILED."
        echo "This is the error that DIG reported:"
        echo
        cat root.hints.new
        exit 0
 esac

 echo "The named.conf file has been updated to contain the following   
information:"
 echo
 cat root.hints.new

 chown root.root root.hints.new
 chmod 444 root.hints.new
 rm -f root.hints.old
 mv root.hints root.hints.old
 mv root.hints.new root.hints
 ndc restart
 echo
 echo "The nameserver has been restarted to ensure that the update is complete."
 echo "The previous root.hints file is now called   
/var/named/root.hints.old."
) 2>&1 | /usr/lib/sendmail -t
exit 0

¿©·¯ºÐ Áß ¸î¸îÀº ftp·Î Internic¿¡¼­ root.hints ÆÄÀÏÀ» °¡Á®¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù°í ²¿Áý¾î ¸»ÇÒÁöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ftp·Î root.hints¸¦ °»½Å ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó. À§ÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ³×Æ®¿÷¿¡ ´õ¿í Ä£±ÙÇÏ´Ù.

7. ¹öÀü 4¿¡¼­ ¹öÀü 8·ÎÀÇ ¸¶À̱׷¹À̼Ç

ÀÌ ºÎºÐÀº David E. Smith (dave@bureau42.ml.org)¾¾°¡ ¾´ 'using bind 8'¿¡ ÀÖ´ø ÀýÀÌ´Ù. »õ·ÎÀº ÀýÀÇ À̸§¿¡ ¸Âµµ·Ï ¾à°£ ÆíÁýÀ» °¡Çß´Ù.

º°·Î ÇؾßÇÒ °ÍÀº ¾ø´Ù. named.boot´ë½Å named.conf¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â Á¡ ¸»°í´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù. bind8Àº ÆÞ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®·Î ¿¾ Çü½ÄÀÇ ÆÄÀϵéÀ» »õ·Î¿î Çü½Ä¿¡ ¸Â°Ô º¯È¯ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº ¿¾Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î µÈ ij½Ã Àü¿ë ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹öÀÇ ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù.


directory /var/named
cache   .                                       root.hints
primary 0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA                    127.0.0.zone
primary localhost                               localhost.zone          

On the command line, in the bind8/src/bin/named directory (this assumes you got a source distribution. If you got a binary package the script is probably around, I'm not sure where it would be though. -ed.), type:

bind8/src/bin/named µð·ºÅ丮(¿©·¯ºÐ¿¡°Ô ¼Ò½º°¡ ÀÖ´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à ¹ÙÀ̳ʸ® ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´õ¶óµµ ÀÌ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â ºÐ¸í ¾îµò°¡¿¡ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾îµð¿¡ ÀÖÀ»Áö´Â È®½ÅÇÒ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.)¿¡¼­ ´ÙÀ½ ¸í·ÉÀ» ÀÔ·ÂÇÏÀÚ.


./named-bootconf.pl < named.boot > named.conf

±×·¯¸é named.conf°¡ ¸¸µé¾î Áø´Ù.


// generated by named-bootconf.pl

options {
        directory "/var/named";
};

zone "." {
        type hint;
        file "root.hints";
};

zone "0.0.127.IN-ADDR.ARPA" {
        type master;
        file "127.0.0.zone";
};

zone "localhost" {
        type master;
        file "localhost.zone";
};

named.conf ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ µé¾î°¥ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» ¸¸Å­ ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ ÀÛµ¿Çϱâ´Â ÇÏÁö¸¸ bind8ÀÌ Áö¿øÇÏ´Â »õ·Ó°Ô Çâ»óµÈ ±â´ÉÀ̳ª ¼³Á¤ ¿É¼ÇµéÀº Ãß°¡µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡ ¶È°°Àº ÀÏÀ» ÇÏÁö¸¸ Á»´õ È¿°úÀûÀÎ ´õ¿í ¿ÏÀüÇÑ named.conf°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.


// This is a configuration file for named (from BIND 8.1 or later).
// It would normally be installed as /etc/named.conf.
// The only change made from the `stock' named.conf (aside from this
// comment :) is that the directory line was uncommented, since I
// already had the zone files in /var/named.

options {
        directory "/var/named";
        datasize 20M;
};

zone "localhost" IN {
        type master;
        file "localhost.zone";
};

zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {
        type master;
        file "127.0.0.zone";
};

zone "." IN {
        type hint;
        file "root.hints";
};

bind8/src/bin/named/test¿¡ À§ÀÇ ¿¹¿Í ÇÔ²² ¹Ù·Î °¡Á®´Ù ¾µ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Á¸ ÆÄÀÏ º¹»çº»ÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

Á¸ ÆÄÀÏ°ú root.hints ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®ÇÏ´Â ¸í·ÉÀÌ µ¿ÀÏÇϵíÀÌ, Á¸ ÆÄÀÏ°ú root.hints ÆÄÀÏÀÇ Çü½Äµµ µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù.

8. Áú¹®°ú ´ä

ÇÊÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¸ÞÀÏÀ» º¸³»±â Àü¿¡ ¾Æ·¡ ³»¿ëÀ» Àоî ÁÖ±æ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.

  1. named°¡ named.boot ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù.

    ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¾î¶×ÇÑ HOWTO¸¦ Àаí ÀÖ´Ù. bind-4¿¡ °üÇÑ HOWTO´Â http://www.math.uio.no/~janl/DNS/¿¡¼­ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

  2. ¹æÈ­º® ³»ºÎ¿¡¼­´Â DNS¸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô »ç¿ëÇϴ°¡?

    ÈùÆ®: `forwarders', `slave', ±×¸®°í ÀÌ HOWTOÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸·¿¡ ÀÖ´Â Âü°í ¹®ÇåµéÀ» »ìÆì º¸±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. ij½Ã Àü¿ë ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹ö ÀýÀÇ ¿¹¿¡¼­ Á¦¾ÈÇÑ °Íó·³ named.conf ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¿É¼Ç ºÎºÐ¿¡ ¾Æ·¡ Äڵ尡 ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ´Ù.


      query-source port 53;
      
    

  3. ¾î¶² ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÒ ¶§ ÀÌ ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â ÄÄÇ»Å͵éÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ DNS°¡ ¼ø¼­´ë·Î Â÷·Ê Â÷·Ê ´äÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ¿© Æ®·¡ÇÈÀ» È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î ºÐ»ê½Ãų ¼ö Àִ°¡? ¿¹¸¦ µé¸ç, www.busy.site

    www.busy.site¿Í ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ´Â A ·¹Äڵ带 ¿©·¯ °³ ¸¸µç´Ù. ±×¸®°í bind´Â 4.9.3 ¶Ç´Â ±× ÀÌÈÄ ¹öÁ¯À» »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¸é bind°¡ ¾Ë¾Æ¼­ www.busy.site¿¡ ¸ÅÇÎµÈ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ Çϳª¾¿ Â÷·Ê·Î ÀÀ´äÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±× ÀÌÀü ¹öÀüÀÇ bind¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

  4. (¿ÜºÎ¿Í ¿¬°áÀÌ ¾ÈµÈ) ÀÎÆ®¶ó³Ý¿¡ DNS¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù. ¾î¶»°Ô Çϳª?

    root.hints ÆÄÀÏÀº »©°í Á¸ ÆÄÀϸ¸ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¶ÇÇÑ Ç×»ó »õ·Î¿î hint ÆÄÀÏÀ» °¡Á®¿Ã ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾øÀ½À» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.

  5. secondary (slave) ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹ö´Â ¾î¶»°Ô ¼³Á¤Çϴ°¡?

    ¸¸¾à primary ¼­¹öÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ 127.0.0.1À̶ó¸é secondary ¼­¹öÀÇ named.conf ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÔ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.


      zone "linux.bogus" {
            type slave;
            file "sz/linux.bogus";
            masters { 127.0.0.1; };
      };
      
    

    ¿©±â¿¡ ¸¶½ºÅÍ ¼­¹ö ¿©·¯ °³¸¦ ';' (¼¼¹ÌÄÝ·Ð)À¸·Î ºÐ¸®ÇÏ¿© ³ª¿­Çϸé, ¿©·¯ ¼­¹ö·ÎºÎÅÍ linux.bogusÀÇ ¼³Á¤À» º¹»çÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¹°·Ð ¿©±â¿¡ ³ª¿­ÇÏ´Â ¸¶½ºÅÍ ¼­¹ö¿¡´Â linux.bogus°¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

  6. ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Á¢¼ÓÀÌ ²÷¾îÁú ¶§ bind¸¦ °¡µ¿ÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù.

    ÀÌ ÁÖÁ¦¿¡ °üÇÑ ÇØ´ä(¼³¸í)Àº µÎ °¡Áö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

    • Ian Clark <ic@deakin.edu.au> ¾¾·ÎºÎÅÍ ±×°¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼³¸íÇÑ ¸ÞÀÏÀ» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.
      ³ª´Â 'Masquerading'À» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡¼­ named¸¦ ¿î¿µÇÑ´Ù. ³ª´Â
      root.hints ÆÄÀÏÀ» µÎ°³ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ½ÇÁ¦ ·çÆ® ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹öÀÇ À̸§µéÀ» °¡Áø
      root.hints.real°ú ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°Àº ³»¿ëÀÇ root.hints.fake¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
      
      ----
      ; root.hints.fake
      ; this file contains no information
      ----
      
      ³×Æ®¿÷°ú ¿¬°áÀÌ ²÷¾îÁú ¶§ root.hints.fake ÆÄÀÏÀ» root.hints·Î º¹»çÇÏ°í named¸¦
      Àç½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù.
      
      ³×Æ®¿÷°ú ¿¬°áµÉ ¶§´Â root.hints.real ÆÄÀÏÀ» root.hints·Î º¹»çÇÏ°í named
      ¸¦Àç½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù.
      
      ip-down°ú ip-upÀ̶ó´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ °¢°¢ ¸¸µé¾î¼­ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
      
      ³×Æ®¿÷°ú ´ÜÀýµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ named¿¡ »ó¼¼ÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ¾ø´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎ
      ³×ÀÓ¿¡ °üÇØ Äõ¸®¸¦ º¸³»¸é messages ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ °°Àº ³»¿ëÀ» ±â·ÏÇÑ´Ù.
      
      Jan 28 20:10:11 hazchem named[10147]: No root nameserver for class IN
      
      ÀÌ»óÀÌ ³»°¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
               
      È®½ÇÈ÷ ³ª¿¡°Ô´Â Á¦´ë·Î ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´Â °Í °°´Ù. ³ª´Â ³×Æ®¿÷°ú ´ÜÀýµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§µµ Áö¿ª
      ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀ» À§ÇÑ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ¿ÜºÎÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀÎ ³×ÀÓÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ Å¸ÀӾƿô Áö¿¬ ¾øÀÌ
      »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³×Æ®¿÷°ú ¿¬°áµÈ µ¿¾È¿¡´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¿ÜºÎ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ
      Äõ¸®¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
      
      
    • ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿Í ¿¬°áµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡¼­ bind°¡ NFS ¹× Æ÷Æ®¸ÅÆÛ(portmapper)¿Í ÇÔ²² ¿î¿µÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³¸íÀ» Karl-Max Wanger ¾¾°¡ º¸³» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.
      
      °¡²û ¸ðµ©À¸·Î ÀÎÅͳݿ¡ Á¢¼ÓÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡ named¸¦
      ¿î¿µÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹ö´Â ij½Ã Àü¿ë ¼­¹ö·Î¸¸ ÀÛµ¿Çϸç,
      ÀÎÁõ ¿µ¿ªÀÌ ¾ø¾î¼­ ¸ðµç Äõ¸®¸¦ root.cache ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ¸í½ÃµÈ ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹ö(µé)¿¡°Ô 
      ÁúÀÇÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í named´Â nfsd¿Í mountd°¡ ±âµ¿Çϱâ Àü¿¡ ½ÃÀÛÇϴµ¥, ÀÌ ¹æ½ÄÀº
      ½½·¢¿þ¾î¿¡¼­´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀÌ´Ù.
      
      LAN¿¡ ¿¬°áµÈ ´Ù¸¥ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ°¡ ³» ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ Áß Çϳª(Libretto 30 ³ëÆ®ºÏ)¸¦ °¡²û
      ¸¶¿îÆ®ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ±× °¡²ûÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀ̾ú´Ù.
      ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Çö»óÀº PLIP, PCMCIA ·£Ä«µå, ½Ã¸®¾ó ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¸¦ ÅëÇÑ PPP ¸ðµÎ¿¡¼­
      ÀϾ´Â °øÅëÀûÀÎ Çö»óÀÌ ¾ú´Ù.
      
      ¸î ½Ã°£ µ¿¾È »ý°¢ÇÏ°í ½ÇÇèÀ» °ÅÄ£ ÈÄ¿¡, ºÎÆÃµÉ ¶§ named°¡ nfsd¿Í mountdÀÇ
      µî·Ï °úÁ¤°ú µÚÁ×¹ÚÁ×ÀÌ µÇ¾î¼­ Æ÷Æ®¸ÅÆÛ¿¡ µî·ÏµÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ·± ¹®Á¦°¡
      »ý±ä´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë¾Ò´Ù. (³ª´Â º¸Åë ÀÌ µ¥¸óµéÀ» ºÎÆ¿ÇÒ ¶§ ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù.)
      nfsd¿Í mountd¸¦ ¸ÕÀú ½ÇÇàÇÑ ´ÙÀ½ named¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏ´Ï ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾ø¾îÁ³´Ù.
      
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  7. ij½¬ Àü¿ë ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹ö´Â ±× ij½¬ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾îµð¿¡ ÀúÀåÇϳª? ij½¬ Å©±â¸¦ Á¦¾îÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº ¾ø´Â°¡?

    ij½ÃµÈ Á¤º¸´Â ¸ðµÎ ¸Þ¸ð¸®¿¡ ÀúÀåµÈ´Ù. µð½ºÅ©¿¡´Â ±â·ÏµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. named¸¦ Á×ÀÏ ¶§¸¶´Ù ij½Ã´Â »ç¶óÁø´Ù. ij½Ã Á¤º¸´Â ¾î¶² ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Îµç Á¦¾îÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. named´Â ¾î¶² °£´ÜÇÑ ±ÔÄ¢¿¡ µû¶ó ij½Ã¸¦ ´Ù·ç´Âµ¥ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù. ¾î¶² ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Îµç ij½Ã Á¤º¸³ª ij½Ã Å©±â¸¦ Á¦¾îÇÒ ¹æ¹ýÀº ¾ø´Ù. ±×·¯°í ½Í´Ù¸é named¸¦ ÇØÅ·Çؼ­ ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±ÇÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù.

  8. named°¡ Àç½ÃÀ۵Ǵ µ¿¾ÈÀº ij½Ã¸¦ ÀúÀåÇϴ°¡? ÀúÀåÇϵµ·Ï ÇÒ ¼ö Àִ°¡?

    ¾ø´Ù. named´Â ¸ØÃâ ¶§ ij½Ã¸¦ ÀúÀåÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. Áï, named°¡ ¸ØÃß¾ú´Ù°¡ ´Ù½Ã ½ÃÀÛÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù ij½Ã´Â »õ·Î ¸¸µé¾î Áø´Ù. named·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ij½Ã¸¦ ÆÄÀÏ·Î ÀúÀåÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö´Â ¾ø´Ù. ±×·¯°í ½Í´Ù¸é named¸¦ ÇØÅ·Çؼ­ ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ±ÇÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê´Â´Ù.

9. ¸¹Àº ½Ã°£À» ÇÒ¾ÖÇÏ¿© DNS¸¦ °ü¸®ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù¸é.

¹®¼­¿Í µµ±¸

Åë½Å°ú ÃâÆǹ°·Î À¯¿ëÇÑ ¹®¼­°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. °£´ÜÈ÷ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â Á¤µµ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¸¹Àº ½Ã°£À» µé¿©¼­ º¹ÀâÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» °ü¸®ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù¸é ÀÌ ¹®¼­ Áß ¸î °¡Áö´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã Àоî¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÃâÆǹ° Áß ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀΰÍÀº C. Liu ¿Í P. Albitz°¡ ¾´ DNS and BIND¶ó´Â Ã¥À¸·Î O'Reilly & Associates¿¡¼­ ÃâÆÇÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÇÊÀÚµµ ÀÐ¾î º¸¾Ò´Âµ¥ ¾ÆÁÖ ÈǸ¢ÇÏ´Ù. Craig Hunt°¡ ÁýÇÊÇÏ¿© ¿ª½Ã O'Reilly & Associates¿¡¼­ ÃâÆÇÇÑ TCP/IP Network AdministrationÀÇ DNS Àýµµ ÀÐ¾î º¼ ¸¸ ÇÏ´Ù. DNS °ü¸®¿¡ ÁÁÀº(ȤÀº ¹®Á¦ ÇØ°á¿¡ ÁÁÀº) Ã¥À¸·Î´Â Robert M. PrisigÀÌ ¾´ Zen and the Art of Motorcycle MaintenanceÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. :-) ISBNÀº 0688052304ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¿Ü À¯¿ëÇÑ °ÍµéÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

ÀÎÅͳݿ¡¼­´Â http://www.dns.net/dnsrd/, https://www.isc.org/downloads/¿¡¼­ °ü·Ã ³»¿ëÀ» ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. FAQ, ·¹ÆÛ·±½º ¸Å´º¾ó(BOG; Bind Operations Guide), https://www.bestvpn.com/bind-open-source-dns-isc/ (BIND Á¤º¸) , ±â»ç, ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ Á¤ÀÇ, DNS ÇØÅ· (ÀüºÎ´Â ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸, ÀÌ ¹®¼­¿Í rfcs ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ bind ¹èÆ÷º»¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Ù.) ÇÊÀÚ´Â ÀÌµé ´ëºÎºÐÀ» ÀÐÁö º¸Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¾î°µç ÇÊÀÚ´Â Àü¹®ÀûÀ¸·Î DNS¸¦ °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â °ü¸®ÀÚ´Â ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¹Ý¸é Arnt GulbrandsenÀº BOG¸¦ Àоú°í ±× »ç½Ç¿¡ ȲȦÇØ ÇÑ´Ù. :-) comp.protocols.tcp-ip.domains°¡ DNS °ü·Ã ´º½º±×·ìÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, DNS¿¡ °üÇÑ RFC°¡ ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¾Æ¸¶µµ °¡Àå Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ÀÌ°Í µéÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

RFC 2052

A. Gulbrandsen, P. Vixie, A DNS RR for specifying the location of services (DNS SRV), October 1996

RFC 1918

Y. Rekhter, R. Moskowitz, D. Karrenberg, G. de Groot, E. Lear, Address Allocation for Private Internets, 02/29/1996.

RFC 1912

D. Barr, Common DNS Operational and Configuration Errors, 02/28/1996.

RFC 1912 Errors

B. Barr Errors in RFC 1912, this is available at http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/~barr/rfc1912-errors.html

RFC 1713

A. Romao, Tools for DNS debugging, 11/03/1994.

RFC 1712

C. Farrell, M. Schulze, S. Pleitner, D. Baldoni, DNS Encoding of Geographical Location, 11/01/1994.

RFC 1183

R. Ullmann, P. Mockapetris, L. Mamakos, C. Everhart, New DNS RR Definitions, 10/08/1990.

RFC 1035

P. Mockapetris, Domain names - implementation and specification, 11/01/1987.

RFC 1034

P. Mockapetris, Domain names - concepts and facilities, 11/01/1987.

RFC 1033

M. Lottor, Domain administrators operations guide, 11/01/1987.

RFC 1032

M. Stahl, Domain administrators guide, 11/01/1987.

RFC 974

C. Partridge, Mail routing and the domain system, 01/01/1986.


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