Linux Ethernet-Howto
Linux Ethernet-Howto
by Paul Gortmaker
v2.7, 5 May 1999
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Paul Gortmaker, p_gortmaker@yahoo.com
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SMC 83c170 (epic100) °ú HP 100VG ANY-LAN.
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Linux and 100Mbs Ethernet
Donald's 100VG Page
Dan Kegel's Fast Ethernet Page
2.5 100VG ´ë 100BaseT
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BNC (±Ý¼ÓÁ¦ÀÇ ´©¸£°í µ¹·Á¼ Àá±×´Â) Ä¿³ØÅ͸¦ °¡Áø thinnet, Áï thin ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÄÉÀÌºí¸µ,
(RG-58 µ¿Ãà ÄÉÀ̺í) Àº ±â¼ú¿ë¾î·Î 10Base2¶ó°í ºÒ¸°´Ù.
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³ÝÄ«µåµéÀº ´ÜÁö $10-$20¸¸ ´õÇϸé `ÄÞº¸' ¹öÀüÀ» ±¸ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÌ Ä«µåµéÀº ²¿ÀÓ¼±°ú thinnet ´ÜÀÚ¸¦ ³»ÀåÇϰíÀÖ¾î¼, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ³ªÁß¿¡ ¸¶À½À» ¹Ù²Û´ÙÇØµµ
±¦Âú´Ù.
RJ-45 (´ëÇü ÀüÈ Àè)À» °¡Áø ²¿ÀÓ¼± ÄÉÀ̺í Ä¿³ØÅÍ´Â ±â¼ú¿ë¾î·Î 10BaseT¶ó°í ºÒ¸°´Ù.
À̰ÍÀº ¶Ç UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair)¶ó°íµµ ºÒ¸®¿î´Ù.
¿¹ÀüÀÇ ¼³Ä¡¹°¿¡¼¸¸ ã¾Æº¼¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±¸ÇüÀÇ thick ÀÌ´õ³Ý (10mm µ¿ÃàÄÉÀ̺í)Àº
10Base5¶ó°í ºÒ¸°´Ù. ¸î¸î Ä«µåµé¿¡¼ ã¾Æº¼¼ö ÀÖ´Â 15ÇÉ DÇü Ç÷¯±× (AUI Ä¿³ØÅÍ)´Â
thick ÀÌse2 ´ë½Å¿¡ 10BaseT°¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
10Base2´Â 100Base°è¿·ÎÀÇ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¾÷±×·¹À̵嵵 Á¦°øÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
´õ³Ý°ú ¿ÜºÎ ´ÜÀÚ¿¡ ¿¬°áÇϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
´Ù¸¥ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÄÉÀÌºí¿¡ °üÇØ¼´Â
ÄÉÀ̺í, µ¿Ãà...
¸¦ º¸±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
À̰÷¿¡´Â ÀÌ´õ³Ý¿¡ ¿¬°áµÈ ¸®´ª½º¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚÁÖ ¹°¾îº¸´Â Áú¹®µé(FAQ)ÀÌ
ÀÖ´Ù. ¸î¸î ƯÁ¤ Áú¹®µéÀº `Á¦Á¶¾÷üº°'¿¡ Á¤¸®µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ´äº¯À» ¿øÇÏ´Â Áú¹®µéÀº
ÀÌ¹Ì ´Ù¸¥ ´©±º°¡°¡ Áú¹®ÇÑ °Í(±×¸®°í ´äº¯ÀÌ µÇ¾ú´Ù!)À̰í, ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©±â¼ ¿øÇÏ´Â ´äº¯À»
ãÁö ¸øÇÒ °æ¿ì,Àû¾îµµ ¾Æ·¡°°ÀÌ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â ´º½º ¾ÆÄ«À̺갡 ÀÖ´Â °÷À» ãÀ»¼ö ÀÖÀ»
°ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Dejanews.
3.1 Alpha Drivers -- ±¸ÇÏ°í »ç¿ëÇϱâ
³»°¡ µè±â·Î´Â ³» Ä«µå¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °»½ÅµÇ°Å³ª ½ÃÇè¹öÀüÀÇ ¾ËÆÄ µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù
°í Çϴµ¥ ¾îµð¼ ±¸ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î?
`»õ' µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀÇ °¡Àå ÃֽŹöÀüÀº DonaldÀÇ ftp »çÀÌÆ®
cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov ¾ÈÀÇ /pub/linux/ ¿¡¼ ±¸ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©±âÀÖ´Â °ÍµéÀº
ÀÚÁÖ ¹Ù²î¹Ç·Î, ãÀ»¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, WWW ºê¶ó¿ìÀú¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ¼
Don's Linux Home Page
¿¡ °¡¸é ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Ã£°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ´õ¿í ½±°Ô ãÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (WWW ºê¶ó¿ìÀú·Î ãÀ¸¸é
¼Ò½ºÀÇ ÅÇÀ» ½ºÆäÀ̽º³ª ±âŸµîµîÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾î¹ö¸°´Ù - ftp¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϰųª È®½ÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù¸é
Àû¾îµµ ´Ù¿î¹ÞÀ» FTP URLÀº ¾Ë¾ÆµÖ¶ó.)
ÀÚ, ¸¸ÀÏ ±×°ÍÀÌ Á¤¸»·Î ¾ËÆÄ µå¶óÀ̹ö, ¶Ç´Â ¾ËÆÄ ÀÌÀüÀÇ µå¶óÀ̹ö¶ó¸é, ±× À̸§Ã³·³
´Ù·ç±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ ¸»·Î Çϸé, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ±×°ÍÀ¸·Î ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇÏ´ÂÁö ÀÌÇØÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒÁö¶óµµ
ºÒÆòÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´ÂÁö ÀÌÇØÇÒ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸é, ¾Æ¸¶µµ ½ÃÇè
ÇØº¸Áö ¸øÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¶Ç, ±×°Í ¶§¹®¿¡ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸Ó½ÅÀÌ ´Ù¿îµÇ´õ¶óµµ ºÒÆòÇÏÁö ¸¶¶ó. ´ë½Å
Àß ÀÛ¼ºµÈ ¹ö±× ¸®Æ÷Æ®¸¦ º¸³»°Å³ª, ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ º¸³»ÁØ´Ù¸é ´õ ÁÁ´Ù!
Ç¥ÁØ Ä¿³Î ¼Ò½º Æ®¸®¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Â ¸î¸î `»ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÑ' ½ÇÇèÀûÀÎ/¾ËÆÄ µå¶óÀ̹öµé¿¡
´ëÇØ ¾Ë¾ÆµÎ¾î¾ß ÇÒ °ÍµéÀÌ´Ù.
make config¸¦ ÇßÀ»¶§ °¡Àå ¸ÕÀú ¹°¾îº¸´Â °ÍÀº ``°³¹ßÁßÀÎ ¶Ç´Â ¿ÏÀüÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ÄÚµå/
µå¶óÀ̹öµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ Ç¥½Ã(Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers)''ÇÒ°ÍÀÎÁö
¾Æ´ÑÁö ÀÌ´Ù. ¾ËÆÄ/½ÇÇèÀûÀÎ µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÒ °ÍÀÎÁö¿¡
°üÇÑ Áú¹®µéÀ» ¹ÞÀ¸·Á¸é ¿©±â¿¡ `Y'¶ó°í ´äÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
3.2 ¸Ó½Å´ç ÇϳªÀÌ»óÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå »ç¿ëÇϱâ
¸®´ª½º¿¡¼ µÎ°³ÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á¸é ¹«¾ùÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇϳª¿ä?
ÀÌ Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´äÀº µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ ÀûÀç°¡´ÉÇÑ ¸ðµâ·Î »ç¿ëµÇ°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö Ä¿³Î¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ÄÄÆÄ
ÀÏµÇ¾î µé¾î°¡ ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÎÁö¿¡ µû¶ó ´Þ¶óÁø´Ù. Áö±ÝÀÇ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¸®´ª½º ¹èÆ÷º»µéÀº ¸ðµâ·¯
µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. À̵éÀº ¹èÆ÷µÇ°í ÀÖ´Â ¼ö¸¹Àº Ä¿³Îµé°ú °¢°¢ÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀ»
¸¸µé¾î ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù. ´ÜÀÏ ±âº» Ä¿³ÎÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ´ë½Å¿¡ ƯÁ¤ »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °¢°¢
ÀÇ µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀÌ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ºÎÆÃµÉ ¶§ µå¶óÀ̹ö ¸ðµâ ÆÄÀϵ鿡 ÃæºÐÈ÷ Á¢±ÙÇÒ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Çѹø
·ÎµåµÈ´Ù. (ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î /lib/modules/¿¡ ÀúÀåµÈ´Ù.)
µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ¸ðµâ·Î:
PCI µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀÇ °æ¿ì, º¸Åë ¼³Ä¡µÈ ¸ðµç Ä«µåÀÇ ºê·£µå ¸ðµ¨À» ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ã¾Æ³¾ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª, ISA Ä«µåµéÀÇ °æ¿ì, Ä«µå¸¦ ã¾Æ³»´Â ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ¾ÈÀüÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡, º¸Åë ¸ðµâÀÌ
¾îµð¼ Ä«µå¸¦ ãÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö I/O ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °¡¸£ÃÄ ÁÙ Çʿ䰡 ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ Á¤º¸´Â
/etc/conf.modules¿¡ ÀúÀåµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ µÎ°³ÀÇ ISA NE2000 Ä«µå¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ°í, Çϳª´Â
0x300¿¡ ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥°ÍÀº 0x240¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. À̵鿡 ´ëÇÑ
/etc/conf.modulesÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» º¸¸é,
alias eth0 ne
alias eth1 ne
options ne io=0x240,0x300
À̰ÍÀÌ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÀÌ·¸´Ù. À̰ÍÀº °ü¸®ÀÚ (ȤÀº Ä¿³Î)ÀÌ modprobe eth0
ȤÀº modprobe eth1¶ó°í Çϸé, ne.o µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡
eth0³ª eth1¸¦ À§ÇÑ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ·ÎµåÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í
ne.o ¸ðµâÀÌ ÀûÀçµÉ¶§, io=0x240,0x300 ¶ó´Â ¿É¼ÇÀ» °¡Áö°í
·ÎµåµÇ¾î, µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ ¾îµð¿¡¼ Ä«µå¸¦ ãÀ»Áö ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù. 0x´Â
Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù - DOS ¼¼»ó¿¡¼ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´ø 300h°°Àº °ÍµéÀº ÅëÇÏÁö
¾Ê´Â´Ù. 0x240 ¿Í 0x300ÀÇ ¼ø¼¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù´Â °ÍÀº
eth0 ¿Í eth1ÀÇ ¹°¸®Àû Ä«µå ¼ø¼¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ µÈ´Ù.
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ISA ¸ðµâ µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀº ÀÌ ¿¹¿Í °°ÀÌ ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ Ä«µå¸¦ ´Ù·ç±â À§ÇØ ÄÞ¸¶·Î
±¸ºÐµÈ ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ IO °ªÀ» ¹ÞÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, 3c501.o ¸ðµâ°ú °°Àº ¸î¸î (±¸ÇüÀÇ?)
µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀº ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù ´ÜÁö ÇϳªÀÇ Ä«µå¸¸À» ´Ù·ê¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ì¿¡
µÎ ÀåÀÇ Ä«µå¸¦ ¸ðµÎ ã±â À§Çؼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¸ðµâÀ» µÎ¹ø ·ÎµåÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
ÀÌ °æ¿ì¿¡ /etc/conf.modules ÈÀÏÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
alias eth0 3c501
alias eth1 3c501
options eth0 -o 3c501-0 io=0x280 irq=5
options eth1 -o 3c501-1 io=0x300 irq=7
ÀÌ ¿¹¿¡¼ -o ¿É¼ÇÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ °°Àº À̸§À¸·Î µÎ ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇÒ ¼ö
¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡ °¢ ¸ðµâ °´Ã¼¸¶´Ù À¯ÀÏÇÑ À̸§À» ºÎ¿©Çϱâ À§Çؼ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
irq= ¿É¼Çµµ ¶ÇÇÑ Ä«µåÀÇ Çϵå¿þ¾î IRQ ¼³Á¤À» Á¤ÇØÁÖ±â À§Çؼ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
(ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº ÄÞ¸¶·Î ±¸ºÐµÈ I/O °ªµéÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌ´Â ¸ðµâµéÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§¿¡µµ ¾µ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
±×·¯³ª À̰ÍÀº ±×°ÍÀÌ Á¤¸» ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¶§¿¡µµ ¸ðµâÀÌ µÎ¹ø¾¿ ·ÎµåµÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡
´ú È¿À²ÀûÀÌ´Ù.)
¸¶Áö¸· ¿¹·Î, 0x350¿¡ ÀÖ´Â 3c509 Ä«µå¿Í 0x280¿¡ ÀÖ´Â
SMC Elite16 (WD8013) Ä«µå¸¦ °¡Áø À¯Àú°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
±× ¼³Á¤Àº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
alias eth0 wd
alias eth1 3c503
options wd io=0x280
options 3c503 io=0x350
PCI Ä«µåµéÀÇ °æ¿ì, PCI Ä«µåÀÇ I/O ÁÖ¼Ò´Â ¾ÈÀüÇÏ°Ô Ã£¾Æ³¾¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡
¿©·¯ºÐÀº º¸Åë ÀûÀýÇÑ µå¶óÀ̹ö À̸§°ú °°ÀÌ ethN
ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¿Í ¿¬°üµÈ alias ÁÙ¸¸ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.
»ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÑ ¸ðµâµéÀº º¸Åë /lib/modules/`uname -r`/net¿¡ ÀúÀåµÇ¾î
ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©±â¼ uname -r ¸í·ÉÀº Ä¿³Î ¹öÀü (¿¹: 2.0.34)À» µ¹·ÁÁØ´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀº °Å±â¼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå¿¡ ¸Â´Â °ÍÀ» ãÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ conf.modules ÈÀÏ¿¡ Çѹø Á¦´ë·Î ¼³Á¤À» Çß´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ
ÇØ¼ ½ÃÇèÇØ º¼¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
modprobe ethN
dmesg | tail
`N'Àº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ½ÃÇèÇØ º¸°íÀÚÇÏ´Â ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽ºÀÇ ¼ýÀÚÀÌ´Ù.
Ä¿³Î ¾È¿¡ ÄÄÆÄÀÏµÇ¾î µé¾îÀÖ´Â µå¶óÀ̹ö·Î:
¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Ä¿³Î¿¡ ÄÄÆÄÀÏµÇ¾î µé¾îÀÖ´Â µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý
Ä«µå¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ¸ðµç °ÍÀÌ ±× ¾È¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇϳªÀÇ
ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå¸¸ÀÌ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ã¾ÆÁø´Ù´Â °Í¿¡ ÁÖÀÇÇ϶ó. À̰ÍÀº ¿¹¹ÎÇÑ Ä«µåµéÀ» ãÀ»¶§
¹ß»ýÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ºÎÆÃ½ÃÀÇ ¿¡·¯¸¦ ÇÇÇϵµ·Ï ÇØÁØ´Ù.
(¾Ë¾ÆµÑ°Í: 2.1.x ÈĹݴëÀÇ Ä¿³Î¿¡¼´Â, ºÎÆ® °Ë»öÀÌ ¾ÈÀü°ú ºÒ¾ÈÀüÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¾îÁ® ÀÖ°í,
±×·¡¼ ¸ðµç ¾ÈÀü (¿¹: PCI¿Í EISA) °Ë»öÀº ¸ðµç °ü·ÃµÈ Ä«µåµéÀ» ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ã¾ÆÁÖ°Ô µÈ
´Ù. (¿©·¯°³ÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå¸¦ °¡Áø ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼ Àû¾îµµ ÇϳªÀÇ ISA Ä«µå¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ì
¿¡´Â ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ °úÁ¤Áß Çϳª¸¦ ÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.)
µÎ¹øÂ° (±×¸®°í »õ¹øÂ°, ±×¸®°í...) Ä«µå¸¦ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î °Ë»öÇϴµ¥´Â µÎ°¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
°¡Àå ½¬¿î ¹æ¹ýÀº º¸Åë LILO¸¦ ÅëÇØ Çϴ°Íó·³ ºÎÆÃ½Ã¿¡ Ä¿³Î·Î Àμö¸¦ Àü´ÞÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
µÎ¹øÂ° Ä«µå¸¦ ã´Â °ÍÀº ºÎÆÃ½Ã¿¡ ether=0,0,eth1ó·³ °£´ÜÇÑ Àμö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ
¸é µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ì¿¡ eth0¿Í eth1´Â ºÎÆÃ½Ã¿¡ ã¾ÆÁö´Â ¼ø¼´ë·Î
Á¤ÇØÁö°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ Ä«µå°¡ eth0´Â 0x300¿¡, ±×¸®°í
eth1´Â 0x280¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.
LILO: linux ether=5,0x300,eth0 ether=15,0x280,eth1
ether= ¸í·ÉÀº À§¿¡¼ º¸¿©Áö´Â ¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ IRQ + I/O + À̸§À» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀ̰Ô
µÈ´Ù. Àüü ¹®¹ý°ú ƯÁ¤ Ä«µå ÀÎÀÚµé, ±×¸®°í LILO ÆÁµéÀ» º¸·Á¸é ´ÙÀ½À» º¸¸é µÈ´Ù.
ÀÌ´õ³Ý Àμö Àü´ÞÇϱâ...
ÀÌ ºÎÆÃ½ÃÀÇ ÀμöµéÀº ¿µ±¸ÀûÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¸Å¹ø ´Ù½Ã ÃijÖÀ» Çʿ䰡 ¾ø´Ù. LILO
¼³Á¤ ¿É¼ÇÁß `append'´Â LILO ¸Å´º¾óÀ» º¸±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
µÎ¹øÂ° ¹æ¹ýÀº (±ÇÀåÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù) Space.c ¸¦ ÆíÁýÇØ¼
I/O ÁÖ¼Ò Ç׸ñÀÇ 0xffe0 ºÎºÐÀ» ¿µÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²ãÁÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
0xffe0 ºÎºÐÀº ÀÌ ÀåÄ¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼ °Ë»öÀ» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¸»ÇØÁØ´Ù --
À̰ÍÀ» ¿µÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Û´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ÀåÄ¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚµ¿°Ë»öÀ» ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
¿©±â¼ ¾Ë¾ÆµÑ Á¡Àº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¸¸¾à ¸®´ª½º¸¦ µÎ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© »çÀÌÀÇ °ÔÀÌÆ®¿þÀÌ·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á°í
ÇÑ´Ù¸é, Ä¿³ÎÀ» IP Æ÷¿öµù °¡´ÉÀ¸·Î ÇØ¼ ÀçÄÄÆÄÀÏ ÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. º¸Åë ±¸½Ä AT/286¿¡
`kbridge'°°Àº ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ´õ ÁÁÀº ÇØ°á¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ À̰ÍÀ» ³Ý ¼ÇÎ µµÁß¿¡ º¸°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é, Donald°¡ ±×ÀÇ WWW »çÀÌÆ®¿¡ °®°í
ÀÖ´Â ¹Ì´Ï ÇÏ¿ìÅõ¸¦ º¼¼öµµ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½À» È®ÀÎÇØ º¸¶ó.
Multiple Ethercards.
3.3 ether= ¸í·ÉÀÌ ¾Æ¹«°Íµµ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿ÖÁö?
À§¿¡¼ ¼³¸íÇÑ °Íó·³, ether= ¸í·ÉÀº ´ÜÁö Ä¿³Î¾È¿¡ ÄÄÆÄÀϵǾî
µé¾îÀÖ´Â µå¶óÀ̹öµé¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼¸¸ ÀÛµ¿ÇÑ´Ù. ¿äÁò ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¹èÆ÷ÆÇµéÀº ¸ðµâ Çü½ÄÀ¸·ÎµÈ
µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀ» »ç¿ëÇϹǷΠether= ¸í·ÉÀº ´õÀÌ»ó °ÅÀÇ »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.(¸î¸î
¿À·¡µÈ ¹®¼µéÀº ÀÌ º¯È¸¦ ¹Ý¿µÇÏ¿© °»½ÅµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù.) ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÀÌ´õ³Ý µå¶óÀ̹ö ¸ðµâ¿¡
¿É¼ÇµéÀ» Àû¿ëÇÏ·Á ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¹Ýµå½Ã /etc/conf.modules ÈÀÏÀ» °íÃľ߸¸
ÇÑ´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Áö±Ý ÄÄÆÄÀÏµÈ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϰí ÀÖ°í, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ LILO ¼³Á¤ÈÀÏ
¿¡ ether=¸¦ Ãß°¡Çß´Ù¸é, ¹Ù²ï ¼³Á¤ ÈÀÏ·Î ½ÇÇàµÇµµ·Ï lilo¸¦
Àç½ÇÇàÇϱâ Àü±îÁö´Â È¿°ú°¡ ¾ø´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¸í½ÉÇØ¶ó.
3.4 3.4 NE1000 / NE2000 Ä«µå(±×¸®°í ȣȯÁ¦Ç°)µéÀÇ ¹®Á¦
Problem:
PCI NE2000 ȣȯīµå°¡ v2.0.x·Î ºÎÆÃ½Ã ãÁú ¸øÇÑ´Ù.
Reason:
v2.0.30 ÀÌÇÏ¿¡¼ÀÇ ne.c µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â ´ÜÁö RealTek 8029 ±â¹Ý ȣȯīµåµéÀÇ PCI ID
³Ñ¹ö¸¸À» ¾Ë°íÀֱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î PCI NE2000 ȣȯīµå·Î ³ª¿Â, ´Ù¸¥ PCI ID ³Ñ¹ö¸¦
°¡Áø Ä«µåµéÀ» µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ ã¾Æ ³»Áö ¸øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Solution:
°¡Àå ½¬¿î ÇØ°áÃ¥Àº ¸®´ª½º Ä¿³Î¹öÀü v2.0.31 (¶Ç´Â ±× ÀÌ»ó)À¸·Î ¾÷±×·¹À̵åÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
À̵éÀº ´Ù¼¸°¡Áö ´Ù¸¥ NE2000-PCI Ĩµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ID ³Ñ¹ö¸¦ ¾Ë°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ºÎÆÃ½Ã¿¡³ª
¸ðµâÀÌ ÀûÀçµÇ´Â ½Ã°£¿¡ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ±×µéÀ» ã¾Æ³¾ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ 2.0.34 (¶Ç´Â ±×
ÀÌ»ó)À¸·Î ¾÷±×·¹À̵å Çϸé, °Å±â¿¡´Â ¿À¸®Áö³¯ ISA/PCI µå¶óÀ̹öº¸´Ù ¾à°£ ´õ ÀÛ°í º¸´Ù
È¿À²ÀûÀÎ PCI¸¸ÀÇ Æ¯Á¤ NE2000 µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
Problem:
PCI NE2000 ȣȯ Ä«µå°¡ v2.0.x¿¡¼ ºÎÆÃ½Ã³ª ne.o ¸ðµâÀ» ÀûÀçÇÒ¶§ ne1000 (8ºñÆ® Ä«µå!)
¶ó°í ³ª¿À°í, ±×¸®°í³ª¼´Â ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
Reason:
¸î¸î PCI ȣȯÁ¦Ç°µéÀº ¹ÙÀÌÆ® ÆøÀÇ Á¢±ÙÀ» ±¸ÇöÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.(±×¸®°í ÁøÂ¥ 100% NE2000 ȣȯ
ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù). ÀÌ ¶§¹®¿¡ NE1000 Ä«µå·Î »ý°¢Çϰí ã¾Æ³»´Â °á°ú°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª°Ô µÈ´Ù.
Solution:
À§¿¡¼ ¼³¸íÇß´ø °Íó·³ v2.0.31 (¶Ç´Â ±× ÀÌ»ó)À¸·Î ¾÷±×·¹À̵å ÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù. ±× µå¶óÀ̹ö(µé)
Àº ÇöÀç ÀÌ Çϵå¿þ¾î ¹ö±×¸¦ °Ë»çÇÑ´Ù.
Problem:
PCI NE2000 Ä«µå°¡ ¼º´É ÆÁ ºÎºÐ¿¡ ¼³¸íµÈ´ë·Î À©µµ¿ì »çÀÌÁ ÁÙÀ϶§¿¡µµ Á¤¸» ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ
¼º´ÉÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
Reason:
°³¹ßÇØ¼ ÆÇ¸ÅµÈÁö ½Ê³âµµ ´õ µÈ ¿À¸®Áö³¯ 8390 ĨÀÇ ½ºÆå Ç¥¸¦ º¸¸é, ÃÖ»óÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤¼ºÀ» À§ÇØ
°¢ ¾²±â ÀÛ¾÷Çϱâ Àü¿¡ ĨÀÌ ´À¸° Àб⸦ ¿äûÇÑ´Ù°í ¾Ë·ÁÁ® ÀÖ´Ù. ±× µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â v1.2 Ä¿³Î
¶§ºÎÅÍ ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ±×·± ±â´ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ¾ø°Ô µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÑ »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ¸»Çϱâ·Î´Â ±× `À߸ø
µÈ ±â´É'À» ´Ù½Ã »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ¸é °ª½Ñ PCI NE2000 ȣȯ Ä«µåÀÇ ¼º´É¿¡ µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù.
Solution:
ÀÌ ¹®Á¦ÀÇ ÇØ°áÃ¥Àº ´ÜÁö ÇÑ »ç¶÷ÇÑÅ×¼¸¸ ³ª¿Ô±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ±×·¸°Ô Èñ¸ÁÀûÀÌÁö´Â ¾Ê´Ù. ¾²±â
Àü¿¡ Àб⸦ ´Ù½Ã °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô °íÄ¡´Â °ÍÀº linux/drivers/net/¾ÈÀÇ µå¶óÀ̹ö ÈÀÏ
À» °£´ÜÇÏ°Ô ÆíÁýÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. NE_RW_BUGFIX¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇϰí ÀÖ´Â ÁÙÀÇ ÁÖ¼®À» Á¦°ÅÇÏ
°í Ä¿³ÎÀ̳ª ¸ðµâÀ» ÀûÀýÇÏ°Ô ÀçÄÄÆÄÀÏÇØÁÖ¸é µÈ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ À̰ÍÀÌ ¿©·¯ºÐ¿¡°Ô µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù¸é,
¼º´ÉÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ¿Í Ä«µå/Ĩ¼Â Á¾·ù¸¦ ±â¼úÇÏ¿© ¿ì¸®¿¡°Ô e-mailÀ» º¸³»Áֱ⠹ٶõ´Ù. (
ne2k-pci.c µå¶óÀ̹ö¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼µµ µ¿ÀÏÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.)
Problem:
ne2k-pci.c µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ PCI NE2000 Ä«µå¿¡¼ timeout waiting for Tx RDC¿Í °°Àº
¿¡·¯ ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ º¸³»°í Á¦´ë·Î ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
Reason:
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå¿Í/¶Ç´Â Ä«µå¿¡¼ PCI ¹ö½º·ÎÀÇ ¿¬°áÀÌ ÀÌ µå¶óÀ̹ö¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÈ long word I/O
optimizationÀ» ´Ù·ê¼ö ¾ø´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Solution:
¿ì¼±, BIOS/CMOS ¼³Á¤¿¡¼ ¾ÈÁ¤ÀûÀÎ ÀÛµ¿À» ¹æÇØÇÏ´Â PCI ¹ö½º ŸÀֿ̹¡ °ü·ÃµÈ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¼³Á¤
ÀÌ¶óµµ È®ÀÎÇØ º¸¶ó. ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê´Ù¸é ISA/PCI ne.c µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ¼ (¾Æ´Ï¸é
ne2k-pci.c¿¡¼ #define USE_LONGIOºÎºÐÀ» ¾ø¾Ö°í) Ä«µå¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϵµ·Ï ÇØ¾ßÇÑ´Ù.
Probem:
ISA Plug and Play NE2000 (RealTek 8019°°Àº)ÀÌ ÀâÈ÷Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
Reason:
¿ø·¡ÀÇ NE2000 »ç¾ç¿¡´Â (±×¸®°í ¸®´ª½º NE2000 µå¶óÀ̹öµµ) Ç÷¯±× ¾Ø Ç÷¹ÀÌ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Áö¿øÀº
¾ø´Ù.
Solution:
PnP¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ¾ø°Ô Çϱâ À§Çؼ Ä«µå¿Í ÇÔ²² µû¶ó¿À´Â DOS ¼³Á¤ µð½ºÅ©¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ¼, Ä«µå¿¡
ƯÁ¤ I/O ÁÖ¼Ò¿Í IRQ¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í /etc/conf.modules¿¡
options ne io=0xNNN¿Í °°Àº ¶óÀÎÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù. ¿©±â¼ 0xNNN´Â
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Ä«µå¿¡ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ 16Áø¼ö I/O ÁÖ¼ÒÀÌ´Ù. (¿©±â¼´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¸ðµâ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ
´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é ºÎÆ®½Ã¿¡ ether=0,0xNNN,eth0 Àμö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù).
¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¶ÇÇÑ BIOS/CMOS ¼³Á¤¿¡ µé¾î°¡¼ PnP ´ë½Å¿¡ Legacy-ISA¿ë IRQ¿¡ Ç¥½ÃÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¸¸¾à ¸î¸î ´Ù¸¥ ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦¿ÍÀÇ È£È¯¼ºÀ» À§Çؼ PnP¸¦ °¡´ÉÇÑ »óÅ·Π³²°ÜµÖ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù¸é
isapnptools ÆÐŰÁö¸¦ ã¾Æº¸¶ó. man isapnp¸¦ Ãļ À̰ÍÀÌ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ
½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇØº¸¶ó. ¾Æ´Ï¸é, ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ URLÀ» ã¾Æº¸¶ó.
ISA PNP Tools
Problem:
NE*000 µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ ºÎÆ® °Ë»ö½Ã¿¡ `not found (no reset ack)'¶ó´Â ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.
Reason:
À̰ÍÀº À§ÀÇ º¯È¿Í °ü°è°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. Ãʱâ È®ÀÎÀÛ¾÷ ÈÄ¿¡ 8390Àº °Ë»öµÈ I/O ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡ ÀְԵǰí
¸®¼ÂÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù. Ä«µå°¡ ¿ÏÀüÇÏ°Ô ¸®¼ÂÀÌ µÉ¶§, ¸®¼ÂÀÌ ³¡³µ´Ù°í ¾Ë¸®°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ
Ä«µå°¡ ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê´Ù¸é, µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â ÇöÀç ¾î¶°ÇÑ NE Ä«µåµµ ¾ø´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.
Solution:
µå¶óÀ̹ö¿¡°Ô ºÎÆÃ½Ã¿¡ 0xbadÀÇ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â mem_end 16Áø¼ö
°ªÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¾ÈÁÁÀº Ä«µå¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë·ÁÁÙ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº
0xbadÀÇ ÀçÁ¤ÀǸ¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§ Ä«µå¿¡ ¿µÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ I/O ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ Á¦°øÇؾ߸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.
¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ¸®¼ÂµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â Ä«µå°¡ 0x340¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¾²¸é µÉ°ÍÀÌ´Ù.
LILO: linux ether=0,0x340,0,0xbad,eth0
À̰ÍÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå°¡ ¸®¼ÂÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌÁö ¾Ê´õ¶óµµ Ä«µå Ž»öÀ» °è¼ÓÇϵµ·Ï ÇØÁØ´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ¸ðµâ·Î »ç¿ëÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù¸é, I/O ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ÁذÍó·³
bad=0xbad ¿É¼ÇÀ» ³Ö¾îÁÙ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Problem:
óÀ½ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÇÒ ¶§ NE*000 Ä«µå°¡ ¸Ó½ÅÀ» Á¤Áö½ÃŲ´Ù.
Reason:
ÀÌ ¹®Á¦´Â 1.1.57Á¤µµÀÇ ¿À·¡µÈ Ä¿³Î¿¡¼ ÇöÀç¿¡±îÁö º¸°íµÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¸î¸î ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î
·Î ¼³Á¤°¡´ÉÇÑ È£È¯ Ä«µåµé¿¡¼¸¸ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¾î¶² Ưº°ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î Ãʱâȸ¦ ÇØÁÖ¾î¾ß
ÇÑ´Ù.
Solution:
¸î¸î »ç¶÷µéÀº ¸®´ª½º¿¡¼ Ä«µå¸¦ ÀÛµ¿½Ã۱âÀ§ÇØ ¿úºÎÆÃ (Áï, loadlin À̳ª `¼¼¼Õ°¡¶ôÀλç
- ctrl+alt+del:¿ªÀÚÁÖ')Çϱâ Àü¿¡ Á¦°øµÇ´Â DOS ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ¼³Á¤ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À̳ª DOS µå¶óÀ̹ö
¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÒ¶§¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù°í º¸°íÇß´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ÀÌ Ä«µåµéÀÌ ÇöÀç ¸®´ª½º µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀÌ ÇÏ´Â °Í
°ú´Â ¾à°£ ´Ù¸£°Ô, ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÃʱâȵǾî¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.
Problem:
0x360¿¡¼ NE*000 ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå°¡ ÀâÈ÷Áú ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
Reason:
NE2000 Ä«µå´Â 0x20ÀÇ I/O ÆøÀ» °®´Âµ¥, À̶§¹®¿¡ ÆÐ·¯·¼ Æ÷Æ®ÀÇ ÁÖ¼ÒÀÎ
0x378¸¦ ħ¹üÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×ÀÚ¸®¿¡´Â µÎ¹øÂ° Ç÷ÎÇÇ ÄÜÆ®·Ñ·¯(¸¸ÀÏ ÀÖ´Ù¸é)°¡
0x370¿¡ ±×¸®°í µÎ¹øÂ° IDE ÄÜÆ®·Ñ·¯°¡ 0x376--0x377°¡ ÀÖÀ»¼ö
ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ±× Æ÷Æ®(µé)°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ´Ù¸¥ µå¶óÀ̹ö¿¡ ÀÇÇØ µî·ÏÀÌ µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù¸é, Ä¿³ÎÀº Ž»öÀ»
ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Solution:
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ 0x280, 0x340, 0x320°°Àº ÁÖ¼Ò·Î ¿Å±â°Å³ª ÆÐ·¯·¼ ÇÁ¸°ÅÍ
Áö¿ø ¾øÀÌ ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇ϶ó.
Problem:
¹º°¡¸¦ ÇÁ¸°Æ®Çϱ⸸ ÇÏ¸é ³×Æ®¿öÅ©°¡ `Á×¾î¹ö¸°´Ù' (NE2000)
Reason:
À§¿Í °°Àº ¹®Á¦ÀÌÁö¸¸, I/O¿µ¿ªÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ´õ ¿À·¡µÈ Ä¿³ÎÀ» »ç¿ëÁßÀÌ´Ù. À§¿¡¼ ó·³
ÇØ°áÇÏ¸é µÇ°í, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¾²´Â °Íº¸´Ù »õ Ä¿³ÎÀ» ±¸Ç϶ó.
Problem:
NE*000 ethercard probe at 0xNNN: 00 00 C5 ... not found.
(invalid signature yy zz)
Reason:
¿ì¼± ¸ÕÀú, 0xNNN ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡ NE1000 ¶Ç´Â NE2000 Ä«µå°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï±î? ±×¸®°í ¸¸ÀÏ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, Çϵå¿þ
¾î ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ Á¦´ë·ÎµÈ °Íó·³ ³ª¿À´Â°¡? ±×·¸´Ù¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ÇüÆí¾ø´Â NE*000 ȣȯīµå¸¦ °®°í
ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸ðµç NE*000 ȣȯÁ¦Ç°µéÀº Ä«µåÀÇ SA PROMÀÇ 14 ¿Í 15 ¹øÂ° ¹ÙÀÌÆ®¿¡
0x57°ªÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ °¡Áø°ÍÀº ±×·¸Áö ¾Ê´Ù -- ´ë½Å `yy zz'¸¦ °¡Áö
°í ÀÖ´Ù.
Solution:
¿©±â¿¡´Â µÎ°¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. °¡Àå ½¬¿î ¹æ¹ýÀº À§ÀÇ `no reset ack' ¹®Á¦¿¡¼ ¼³¸íÇÑ °Íó·³
0xbad mem_end °ªÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÏ¸é ¼¸í È®ÀÎÀ» ÇÏÁö¾Ê°í Áö
³ª°¥ °ÍÀ̰í, ¿µÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ I/O ÁÖ¼Ò°ªµµ ÁÖ¾îÁú °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº Ä¿³ÎÀ» ÀçÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÒ Çʿ䰡
¾ø´Ù.
µÎ¹øÂ° ¹æ¹ýÀº(ÇØÄ¿µé¿¡°Ô ÇØ´çµÇ°ÚÁö¸¸) µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù°í, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä¿³Î(¶Ç´Â ¸ðµâ)À»
ÀçÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±× µå¶óÀ̹ö(/usr/src/linux/drivers/net/ne.c)´Â ¾à 42¹ø ¶óÀÎÁ¤µµ¿¡
"Hall of Shame(ºÎ²ô·¯¿òÀÇ Àü´ç)" ¸ñ·ÏÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ñ·ÏÀº À߸øµÈ ȣȯǰµéÀ» ã¾Æ³»´Âµ¥
»ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, DFI Ä«µåµéÀº 14¿Í 15 ¹ÙÀÌÆ®¿¡ 0x57¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ´ë½Å, PROMÀÇ
óÀ½ 3¹ÙÀÌÆ®¿¡ `DFI'¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
Problem:
¸Ó½ÅÀÌ ºÎÆÃÁß¿¡ `8390...' À̳ª `WD....' ¸Þ¼¼Áö ¹Ù·Î ´ÙÀ½¿¡¼ ¸ØÃç¹ö¸°´Ù.
Solution:
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ NE2000 ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ 0x340 °°Àº °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾î¶ó. ¾Æ´Ï¸é, ``ether='' Àμö¿Í ÇÔ²²
``reserve=''Àμö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ´Ù¸¥ ÀåÄ¡ µå¶óÀ̹öÀÇ °Ë»ö¿¡¼ Ä«µå¸¦ º¸È£ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Reason:
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ NE2000 ȣȯÁ¦Ç°Àº ÃæºÐÈ÷ ÁÁÀº ȣȯǰÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´Â NE2000Àº ¾î¶°ÇÑ
µå¶óÀ̹öÀÇ ÀÚµ¿°Ë»ö¿¡µµ °É¸°´Ù.
NE2000À» ´Ù¸¥ ÀÚµ¿°Ë»ö¿¡¼ ¹þ¾î³ªµµ·Ï ´ú ¾²ÀÌ´Â ÁÖ¼Ò·Î ¹Ù²Ù¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸Ó½ÅÀº ºÎÆÃµÉ
°ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Problem:
ºÎÆÃ½Ã¿¡ SCSI Ž»öµµÁß ¸ØÃç¹ö¸°´Ù.
Reason:
À̰͵µ À§ÀÇ ¹®Á¦¿Í °°À¸¹Ç·Î, ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µåÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¹Ù²Ù°Å³ª, ¾Æ´Ï¸é reserve/ether ºÎÆÃ
ÀμöµéÀ» »ç¿ëÇϸéµÈ´Ù.
Problem:
ºÎÆÃ½Ã¿¡ »ç¿îµå Ä«µå¸¦ ã´ÂµµÁß¿¡ ¸Ó½ÅÀÌ ¸ØÃß¾î ¹ö¸°´Ù.
Reason:
¾Æ´Ï´Ù, ±×°ÍÀÌ ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â Á¶¿ëÇÑ SCSI Ž»öµµÁßÀ̹ǷÎ, À§ÀÇ ¹®Á¦¿Í °°´Ù.
Problem:
NE2000 ÀÌ ºÎÆÃ½Ã¿¡ ã¾ÆÁöÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù - ºÎÆ® ¸Þ¼¼Áö°¡ ÀüÇô ¾ø´Ù.
Solution:
±×°ÍÀÌ Ã£¾ÆÁöÁö ¾Ê´Âµ¥´Â ¼ö¸¹Àº ¿øÀÎÀÌ ÀÖÀ»¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ `¸¶¹ýÀÇ ÇØ°áÃ¥'Àº ¾ø´Ù.
´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ³»¿ëµéÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ ¹®Á¦µéÀ» ÇØ°áÇϴµ¥ µµ¿òÀ» ÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
1) ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â ÀåÄ¡ µå¶óÀ̹öµé¸¸ °¡Áö°í »õ Ä¿³ÎÀ» ¸¸µç´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Á¤¸»·Î »õ Ä¿³Î·Î ºÎÆÃÇϰí ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀÎÁö È®ÀÎÇ϶ó. lilo¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ±î¸ÔÁö
¾Ê¾Ò´ÂÁö µîµî..À¸·Î ÀÎÇØ ÀÌÀüÀÇ °ÍÀ¸·Î ºÎÆÃµÉ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (ºÎÆÃ½Ã¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â ¸¸µç ½Ã°£/³¯Â¥¸¦
ÀÚ¼¼È÷ º¸¶ó.) ¿ì¸®´Â ÀÌÀü¿¡ ¸ðµç°ÍÀ» ´Ù Çß´Ù.System.map ÈÀϾÈÀÇ ne_probe¿Í
°°Àº À̸§µéÀ» È®ÀÎÇØ¼, »õ Ä¿³Î¿¡ Á¤¸»·Î ±× µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇ϶ó.
2) ºÎÆ® ¸Þ¼¼ÁöµéÀ» ÁÖÀÇÇØ¼ »ìÆìº¸¶ó. ±×°÷¿¡ `NE*000 probe at 0xNNN: not found (¾î¼±¸
Àú¼±¸)' °°Àº ne2k °Ë»ö¿¡ °üÇÑ ¾î¶°ÇÑ ¾ð±ÞÀÌ ÀÖ´ÂÁö, ¾Æ´Ï¸é Á¶¿ëÇÏ°Ô ½ÇÆÐÇÏ´ÂÁö ¸»ÀÌ´Ù.
°Å±â¿¡´Â Å« Â÷À̰¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ·Î±×ÀÎÇÑ µÚ¿¡ ºÎÆ® ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ ´Ù½Ãº¸·Á¸é dmesg|more¸¦
»ç¿ëÇϰųª, ºÎÆÃµÈ ÈÄ ·Î±×ÀÎ ÇÁ·ÒÇÁÆ®°¡ ³ª¿ÂµÚ¿¡ Shift-PgUpÀ» ´·¯¼ ȸéÀ» À§·Î ½ºÅ©·ÑÇØ
°¡¸ç º¸¸éµÈ´Ù.
3) ºÎÆÃÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡, cat /proc/ioports¸¦ Ä¡°í Ä«µå°¡ ÇÊ¿ä·ÎÇÏ´Â ÀÔÃâ·Â°ø°£ ÀüºÎ°¡
ºñ¾îÀÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇ϶ó. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå°¡ 0x300¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ne2k µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â
0x300-0x31f ¸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¾î¶² ´Ù¸¥ ÀåÄ¡ µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ ±× ¹üÀ§³»¿¡ ÇÑ Æ÷Æ®¶óµµ
µî·ÏÇß´Ù¸é, ±× ÁÖ¼ÒÀÇ °Ë»öÀº µÇÁö ¾Ê°í ´ÙÀ½ °Ë»ö ÁÖ¼Ò·Î ³Ñ¾î°¡ °è¼ÓÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ °æ¿ì¿¡ lp µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ 0x378¸¦ °®°Å³ª µÎ¹øÂ° IDE ä³ÎÀÌ 0x376¸¦ °¡Áö¹Ç·Î
ne µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ 0x360-0x380¸¦ °Ë»öÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.
4) cat /proc/interrupts¿¡ ´ëÇØ¼µµ À§¿Í °°ÀÌ ÇØº¸¶ó. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå°¡
¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â ÀÎÅÍ·´Æ®¿¡ Ȥ½Ã ´Ù¸¥ ÀåÄ¡°¡ µî·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇ϶ó. ÀÌ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â, °Ë»öÀº
ÀÌ·ç¾îÁöÁö¸¸, ÀÌ´õ³Ý µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â ¿øÇÏ´Â IRQ ¶óÀÎÀ» ¾òÀ»¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸ç ºÎÆÃ½ÃÇØ Å©°Ô ºÒÆòÇÒ
°ÍÀÌ´Ù.
5) ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ µå¶óÀ̹öÀÇ ¸»¾ø´Â ½ÇÆÐ¿¡ ´çÈ²ÇØÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù¸é, µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ÆíÁýÇØ¼
°Ë»öÀ» À§ÇÑ ¸îÁÙÀÇ printk()¸¦ Ãß°¡Ç϶ó. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, ne2k¿¡¼´Â
linux/drivers/net/ne.c¸¦ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸î¸îÁÙ¿¡ Ãß°¡/»èÁ¦(`+' ³ª `-' ·Î Ç¥±â)
ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
int reg0 = inb_p(ioaddr);
+ printk("NE2k probe - now checking %x\n",ioaddr);
- if (reg0 == 0xFF)
+ if (reg0 == 0xFF) {
+ printk("NE2k probe - got 0xFF (vacant I/O port)\n");
return ENODEV;
+ }
±×·¸°Ô ÇÏ°í³ª¸é °¢°¢ÀÇ Æ÷Æ® ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡ ´ëÇÑ È®ÀÎ ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÏ°Ô µÇ°í, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ
Ä«µå ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ °Ë»öµÇ´ÂÁö ¾ÈµÇ´ÂÁö º¼¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
6) ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¶ÇÇÑ DonÀÇ ftp »çÀÌÆ®(ÇÏ¿ìÅõ³»¿¡ Àß ¼³¸íµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù)¿¡¼ ne2k Á¡°Ë µµ±¸¸¦
°¡Á®¿Í¼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¸®´ª½º·Î ºÎÆÃÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡ Ä«µå¸¦ ãÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¾ø´ÂÁö º¼¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
`-p 0xNNN' ¿É¼ÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ¼ Ä«µå¸¦ ãÀ» °÷ÀÌ ¾îµðÀÎÁö ¸»ÇØÁÙ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. (±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î
0x300°¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö¸¸ ºÎÆÃ½ÃÀÇ °Ë»ö°ú´Â ´Þ¸® ´Ù¸¥ ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °Ë»öÀº ÀÌ·ç¾î ÁöÁö
¾Ê´Â´Ù.)
Ä«µå¸¦ ã¾ÒÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °á°ú Ãâ·ÂÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù:
Checking the ethercard at 0x300.
Register 0x0d (0x30d) is 00
Passed initial NE2000 probe, value 00.
8390 registers: 0a 00 00 00 63 00 00 00 01 00 30 01 00 00 00 00
SA PROM 0: 00 00 00 00 c0 c0 b0 b0 05 05 65 65 05 05 20 20
SA PROM 0x10: 00 00 07 07 0d 0d 01 01 14 14 02 02 57 57 57 57
NE2000 found at 0x300, using start page 0x40 and end page 0x80.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸®Áö½ºÅÍ °ª°ú PROM °ªµéÀº ¾Æ¸¶ ¼·Î ´Ù¸¦ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾Ë¾ÆµÑ °ÍÀº 16ºñÆ® Ä«µåÀÇ °æ¿ì
¸ðµç PROM °ªµéÀº µÎ¹èÀ̸ç, ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÁÖ¼Ò (00:00:c0:b0:05:65)´Â óÀ½ Çà¿¡, ±×¸®°í µÎ°³ÀÇ
0x57 »çÀÎÀº PROMÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸·¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù.
0x300¿¡ ¼³Ä¡µÈ Ä«µå°¡ ¾øÀ»¶§ÀÇ °á°ú Ãâ·ÂÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù:
Checking the ethercard at 0x300.
Register 0x0d (0x30d) is ff
Failed initial NE2000 probe, value ff.
8390 registers: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
SA PROM 0: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
SA PROM 0x10: ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff ff
Invalid signature found, wordlength 2.
0xff °ªµéÀº ºñ¾îÀÖ´Â I/O Æ÷Æ®¸¦ ÀÐÀ»¶§ ¹ÝȯµÇ´Â °ªÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ °Ë»öµÈ ¿µ¿ª ¾È¿¡
¾î¶² ´Ù¸¥ Çϵå¿þ¾î°¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, 0xff ¾Æ´Ñ °ªµéÀ» º¸°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
7) Á¦°øµÇ´Â DOS µå¶óÀ̹ö³ª ¼³Á¤ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ½ÇÇàÇÏ°í ³ ÈÄ¿¡ DOS ºÎÆ® Ç÷ÎÇÇ¿¡¼
(loadlinÀ¸·Î) ¸®´ª½º·Î ¿úºÎÆÃÀ» ÇØº¸¶ó. À̰ÍÀº Ä«µå¸¦ ÃʱâÈÇÏ´Â Á» ´Ù¸¥(Áï ºñÇ¥ÁØÀûÀÎ)
"¸¶¹ý"ÀÌ´Ù.
8) Russ NelsonÀÇ ne2000.com ÆÐŶ µå¶óÀ̹ö·Î ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå¸¦ º¼¼ö ÀÖ´ÂÁö ÇØº¸¶ó -- ¸¸ÀÏ
¾Æ´Ï¸é, »óȲÀº º°·Î ÁÁÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ¿¹´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
A:> ne2000 0x60 10 0x300
ÀμöµéÀº ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ÀÎÅÍ·´Æ® º¤ÅÍ, Çϵå¿þ¾î IRQ, ±×¸®°í I/O ÁÖ¼ÒÀÌ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¾î¶°ÇÑ
msdos ¾ÆÄ«À̺꿡¼³ª pktdrv11.zipÀ» ¾òÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´Ù -- ÇöÀç ¹öÀüÀº ¾Æ¸¶ 11ÀÌ»óÀϲ¨´Ù.
3.5 SMC Ultra/EtherEZ ¿Í WD80*3 Ä«µåµéÀÇ ¹®Á¦
Problem:
´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¸Þ¼¼Áö°¡ ³ªÅ¸³´Ù:
eth0: bogus packet size: 65531, status=0xff, nxpg=0xff
Reason:
À̰ÍÀº °øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸® ¹®Á¦ÀÌ´Ù.
Solution:
À̹®Á¦ÀÇ °¡Àå ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¿øÀÎÀº ISA ¸Þ¸ð¸® ÀåÄ¡µé¾È¿¡ ¸ÅÇÎÀÌ ¼³Á¤µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº PCI ¸Ó½Åµé
¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¹ÞÀº ÆÐŶµéÀÇ µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Â Ä«µåÀÇ RAM ´ë½Å¿¡ PCÀÇ RAM(¸ðµÎ
0xff °ª)À» ³¡±îÁö Àд´Ù.
½±°Ô °íÄ¥¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¸¥ ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ ¹®Á¦µéÀº º¸µå Ãæµ¹, ij½¬¸¦ °¡Áö°Å³ª ±× ¿µ¿ª¿¡ ´ëÇØ
`shadow ROM'À» °¡´ÉÇÒ°Ô Çϴ°Í, ¾Æ´Ï¸é ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ISA ¹ö½º°¡ 8Mhzº¸´Ù »¡¸£°Ô ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´Â
°æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. À̵鵵 ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå»óÀÇ ¸Þ¸ð¸® ½ÇÆÐ ¼ýÀÚ°¡ ¸¹Àºµ¥, ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µåÁß¿¡
±×·¯ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é Á¡°Ë ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ½ÇÇàÇØº¸¶ó.
Problem:
SMC EtherEZ °¡ ºñ°øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸® (PIO) ¸ðµå¿¡¼ ÀÛµ¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
Reason:
Ultra µå¶óÀ̹öÀÇ ¿À·¡µÈ ¹öÀüµéÀº Ä«µå°¡ °øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸® ¸ðµå¿¡¼¸¸ ÀÛµ¿Çϵµ·Ï µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù.
Solution:
Ä¿³Î ¹öÀü 2.0 ÀÌ»ó¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â programmed I/O¸ðµå¿¡¼ÀÇ ÀÛµ¿µµ Áö¿øÇÑ´Ù.
v2.0 À̳ª ±× ÀÌ»óÀ¸·Î ¾÷±×·¹À̵åÇ϶ó.
Problem:
±¸Çü wd8003 °ú/¶Ç´Â Á¡ÆÛ¼³Á¤ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ wd8013°¡ Ç×»ó IRQ¸¦ À߸ø ¾ò´Â´Ù.
Reason:
±¸Çü wd8003 Ä«µåµé°ú Á¡ÆÛ¼³Á¤ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÑ wd8013 ȣȯÁ¦Ç°µéÀº µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ IRQ ¼³Á¤À»
ÀоîµéÀÏ EEPROMÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ IRQ¸¦ ÀоîµéÀϼö ¾øÀ¸¸é, ±×´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â
ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î IRQ¸¦ ã´Â´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¸¸ÀÏ ÀÚµ¿ IRQ°¡ ¿µÀ» ¹ÝȯÇϸé, µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â 8ºñÆ® Ä«µå¿¡°Ô´Â
IRQ 5¸¦, 16ºñÆ® Ä«µå¿¡°Ô´Â IRQ 10À» ÇÒ´çÇÑ´Ù.
Solution:
ÀÚµ¿ IRQ °Ë»ö Äڵ带 ÇÇÇÏ·Á¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸ðµâ ¼³Á¤ ÈÀÏ¿¡(¶Ç´Â Ä¿³Î³»ÀÇ µå¶óÀ̹öÀÏ °æ¿ì
ºÎÆÃ½Ã¿¡ Àμö¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇØ¼) ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå Á¡ÆÛ°¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â IRQ°¡ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö Àû¾î¼ Ä¿³Î¿¡
¾Ë·Á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
Problem:
SMC Ultra Ä«µå°¡ wd8013·Î ÀâÈ÷´Âµ¥, IRQ¿Í °øÀ¯ ¸Þ¸ð¸® ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ À߸øµÇ°Ô ÀâÈù´Ù.
Reason:
Ultra Ä«µå´Â wd8013°ú ¸Å¿ì ºñ½ÁÇØ º¸¿©¼, ¸¸ÀÏ Ultra µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ Ä¿³Î³»¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é,
wd µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â ultra¸¦ wd8013À¸·Î À߸ø ÀνÄÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ultraÀÇ °Ë»öÀº wdÀÇ °Ë»öº¸´Ù
¸ÕÀúÇϰԵȴÙ. ±×·¡¼ ÀÌ·±ÀÏÀº º¸Åë ÀϾÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ultra´Â wd8013°ú ´Þ¸® IRQ¿Í ¸Þ¸ð¸®
ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ EEPROM¿¡ ÀúÀåÇϹǷÎ, °¡Â¥ °ªµéÀÌ º¸°íµÈ´Ù.
Solution:
¿©·¯ºÐ¿¡°Ô ÇÊ¿äÇÑ µå¶óÀ̹öµé¸¸À» Ä¿³Î³»¿¡ ´ã¾Æ ÀçÄÄÆÄÀÏÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÇÑ ¸Ó½Å¿¡
wd ¿Í ultra Ä«µå¸¦ ¸ðµÎ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ°í, ¸ðµâÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é ultra ¸ðµâÀ» ¸ÕÀú ·ÎµåÇ϶ó.
3.6 3Com Ä«µåµéÀÇ ¹®Á¦
Problem:
3c503ÀÌ IRQ NÀ» °í¸£´Âµ¥, ´Ù¸¥ ÀåÄ¡µéµµ IRQ NÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·ÎÇÑ´Ù. (eg. CD ROM µå¶óÀ̹ö, ¸ðµ©,
µîµî.) Ä¿³Î¾È¿¡ ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í À̰ÍÀ» °íÄ¥¼ö´Â ¾øÀ»±î?
Solution:
3c503 µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â {5, 9/2, 3, 4}ÀÇ ¼ø¼´ë·Î ºñ¾îÀÖ´Â IRQ¸¦ Ž»öÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í »ç¿ëÇϰí ÀÖÁö
¾ÊÀº°ÍÀ» °í¸¥´Ù.µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â Ä«µå°¡ ifconfigµÇ¾îÁö°í ÀÖÀ»¶§ °í¸£°Ô µÈ´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¸ðµâ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº IRQ °ªÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇØ¼ ¸¹Àº °ÍµéÀ»
¼³Á¤ÇϱâÀ§ÇØ ¸ðµâ ÀÎÀÚµéÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¾Æ·¡¿¡¼´Â IRQ9¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇϰí, ÁÖ¼Ò´Â 0x300,<¹«½ÃµÈ °ª>, ±×¸®°í
if_port #1(¿ÜºÎ ´ÜÀÚ:external transceiver)·Î Á¤Çϰí ÀÖ´Ù.
io=0x300 irq=9 xcvr=1
¶ÇÇÑ, ¸¸ÀÏ µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ Ä¿³Î³»¿¡ ÄÄÆÄÀϵǾî ÀÖÀ¸¸é, ºÎÆÃ½Ã¿¡ LILO¿¡ ÀÎÀÚµéÀ» ³Ñ°ÜÁÜÀ¸·ÎÇØ¼
°°Àº °ªÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
LILO: linux ether=9,0x300,0,1,eth0
´ÙÀ½¿¡¼´Â IRQ3À» ¼±ÅÃÇϰí, ±â¹Ý ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ Ž»öÇϸç, <¹«½ÃµÈ °ª>, ±×¸®°í ±âº»
if_port #0 (³»ºÎ ´ÜÀÚ:internal transceiver)·Î Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
LILO: linux ether=3,0,0,0,eth0
Problem:
3c503: ¼³Á¤µÈ ÀÎÅÍ·´Æ® X °¡ À߸øµÈ °ÍÀ̹ǷÎ, ÀÚµ¿ IRQ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀÓ.
Reason:
3c503 Ä«µå´Â ´ÜÁö IRQ{5, 2/9, 3, 4}Áß¿¡ Çϳª¸¸ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
(À̵éÀº Ä«µå¿¡ ¿¬°áµÇ¾îÀÖ´Â ¼±ÀÏ»ÓÀÌ´Ù.) ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ À§¿¡ ¼³Á¤µÈ °ªÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ IRQ °ªÀ»
³Ñ°ÜÁÖ¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº À§¿Í°°Àº ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ ¹Þ°ÔµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
º¸Åë, 3c503¿¡´Â ƯÁ¤ ÀÎÅÍ·´Æ® °ªÀ» Á¤ÇØÁÙ Çʿ䰡 ¾ø´Ù. 3c503Àº ifconfg½Ã¿¡ ÀÚµ¿IRQ¸¦
»ç¿ëÇØ¼, {5, 2/9, 3, 4}ÁßÀÇ Çϳª¸¦ IRQ°ªÀ¸·Î °®°Ô µÈ´Ù.
Solution:
À§¿¡ ³ª¿µÈ ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ IRQ°ªµéÁß¿¡ Çϳª¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϰųª, IRQ ÇàÀ» ÀüÇô »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸»°í
ÀÚµ¿IRQ¸¦ ¾µ¼öÀÖ°Ô Ç϶ó.
Problem:
Á¦°øµÇ´Â 3c503 µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀº AUI (thicknet) Æ÷Æ®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¾î¶»°Ô ±âº» thinnet
Æ÷Æ®¸¦ ÅëÇØ »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î?
Solution:
3c503 AUI Æ÷Æ®´Â Ä¿³Î³»Àå µå¶óÀ̹öÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ºÎÆÃ½Ã¿¡, ¸ðµâÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â ¸ðµâ »ðÀԽÿ¡
¼±ÅÃÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±× ¼±ÅÃÀº ÇöÀç »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â dev->rmem_start º¯¼öÀÇ ³·Àº ºñÆ®¿¡
¿À¹ö·ÎµåµÇ¾îÁø´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Ä¿³Î¿¡ ³»ÀåµÈ µå¶óÀ̹ö¿¡ »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ºÎÆ®½ÃÀÇ ÀÎÀÚ´Â
´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
LILO: linux ether=0,0,0,1,eth0
¸ðµâ·Î ÀûÀçÇÒ¶§ AUI Æ÷Æ®¸¦ Á¤ÇØÁÖ·Á¸é, ´ÜÁö xcvr=1¸¦ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ I/O ¿Í
IRQ °ª°ú ÇÔ²² ¸ðµâ ¿É¼Ç Çà¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.
To specify the AUI port when loading as a module, just append
xcvr=1 to the module options line along with
your I/O and IRQ values.
3.7 ¾î¶² Ä«µå¿¡µµ ƯȵÇÁö ¾ÊÀº FAQµé.
¸®´ª½º¿Í ISA Plug and Play ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µåµé
ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ °á°ú¸¦ ¾ò±â À§Çؼ´Â(±×¸®°í ¾Ç¿µÇâÀ» ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑÀ¸·Î) ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Ä«µå¿¡ µþ·Á¿À´Â
(º¸Åë DOS)ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» »ç¿ëÇØ¼ PnP ¸ÞÄ«´ÏÁòÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°Ô Çϰí, I/O ÁÖ¼Ò¿Í
IRQ¸¦ Á¤ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â I/O ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ ºÎÆ®½Ã¿¡ µå¶óÀ̹ö¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Ž»öµÇ´ÂÁö
È®ÀÎÇϰí, ¸¸ÀÏ ¸ðµâÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù¸é /etc/conf.modules¾È¿¡ io=¿¡ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦
Àû¾îÁØ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¶ÇÇÑ BIOS/CMOS ¼³Á¤¿¡ µé¾î°¡¼ IRQ¸¦ PnP ´ë½Å¿¡ Legacy-ISA·Î ¼³Á¤Çؾß
ÇÑ´Ù(¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÄÄÇ»ÅͰ¡ ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é ¸»ÀÌ´Ù).
¿©·¯ºÐÀº º¸Åë DOS±â¹ÝÀÇ ¼³Á¤ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ½ÇÇàÇϱâ À§ÇØ DOS¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø´Ù.
Á¦°øµÇ´Â Ç÷ÎÇÇ µð½ºÅ©¿¡¼ ¹Ù·Î ½ÇÇàÇϱâ À§ÇØ DOS ºÎÆÃ µð½ºÅ©¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØµµ µÇ°í, °øÂ¥ÀÎ
OpenDOS ¿Í FreeDOS¸¦ ´Ù¿î¹Þ¾Æ ¾µ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ¿î¿µÃ¼Á¦¿ÍÀÇ È£È¯À» À§ÇØ PnP°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù¸é ºÎÆÃ¶§¸¶´Ù ¸®´ª½º°¡ Ä«µå¸¦
¼³Á¤Çϵµ·Ï Çϱâ À§Çؼ isapnptools ÆÐŰÁö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ì¿¡µµ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡
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¶óÀ̹ö¿¡¼µµ) ´ÜÀÏ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼ (UP) ÀÛ¾÷°ú´Â ÀÛµ¿ÀÌ °è¼ÓµÈ´Ù´Â °Í ¸»°í´Â ¾Æ¹«·± Â÷À̰¡ ¾ø¾ú
´Ù. (À̰ÍÀÌ µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´Â ¸®´ª½ºÀÇ MP¹öÀüÀ» ±¸ÇÏ´Â °¡Àå ¼Õ½¬¿î ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù - ÀÏÁ¤ ½Ã°£¿¡ ´ÜÁö ÇÏ
³ªÀÇ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼¸¸ÀÌ Àüü Ä¿³Î¿¡ Å« ¶ôÀ» °Éµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº ¿©·¯ºÐµµ ¾Ë´Ù½ÃÇÇ µ¿
½Ã¿¡ °°Àº °ÍÀ» µÎ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼°¡ º¯°æÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù
ƯÁ¤ ½Ã°£¿¡ Ä¿³Î³»¿¡ ÇϳªÀÇ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼¸¸ÀÌ Çã¿ëµÇ´Â »óȲÇÏ¿¡¼, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ½ÇÇàµÇ´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥
ÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇϰí ÀǵµÀûÀÎ °è»êÀ» ÇÒ °æ¿ì¿¡¸¸ MP ¼º´ÉÀ» ¾òÀ»¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ
µð½ºÅ©³ª ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ ÅëÇÏ¿© µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ ÀÐ°í ¾²´Â ÀÏ °°Àº ÀÔ/Ãâ·Â(I/O)À» ¸¹ÀÌ ÇÑ´Ù¸é, Ä¿³Î³»
¿¡ ½ÇÇàÁßÀÎ ÇϳªÀÇ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼°¡ ÀåÄ¡ µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀÇ ÀÔÃâ·Â ¿äûÀ» ½ÇÇàÇϱâ À§ÇØ ½ÃµµÇÏ´Â
µ¿¾È¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼µéÀº ±×µéÀÇ ÀÔÃâ·Â ¿äûÀÌ ³¡³ª±â¸¸À» ±â´Ù·Á¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Ä¿³ÎÀÌ º´¸ñ
ÀÌ µÇ¾î ´ÜÁö ÇϳªÀÇ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼¸¸ÀÌ ½ÇÇàÁß¿¡ ÀÖ°Ô µÇ¹Ç·Î, single-lock ÀÎ, ÀÔÃâ·ÂÀÌ ¸¹Àº
MP ¸Ó½ÅÀÇ ¼º´ÉÀº ±Þ¼Óµµ·Î ´ÜÀÏ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼ ¸Ó½Å¿¡ °¡±õ°Ô ¶³¾îÁö°Ô µÈ´Ù.
À̰ÍÀº »ý°¢Çß´ø °Íº¸´Ù È®½ÇÈ÷ ¶³¾îÁö±â ¶§¹®¿¡ (ƯÈ÷, ÆÄÀÏ/WWW ¼¹ö, ¶ó¿ìÅÍ, µîµî) v2.2
Ä¿³Î¿¡¼´Â ´õ ÁÁÀº grained lockingÀ» °¡Áö°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù - À̰ÍÀº µ¿½Ã¿¡ ÇϳªÀÌ»óÀÇ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼°¡
Ä¿³Î³»¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. Àüü Ä¿³Î¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÇϳªÀÇ big lock ´ë½Å¿¡, Çϳª ÀÌ»ó
ÀÇ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼°¡ µ¿½Ã¿¡ µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ º¹Á¦ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¹æÁöÇϱâ À§Çؼ ´Ù¼öÀÇ ÀÛÀº ¶ôµéÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇϰÔ
µÇ¾ú´Ù. - Áï ÇϳªÀÇ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼°¡ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Ä«µåÀÇ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È¿¡, ´Ù¸¥ ÇÁ·Î¼¼¼
´Â µ¿½Ã¿¡ µð½ºÅ© µå¶óÀ̺꿡 ´ëÇÑ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Okay, with that all in mind here are the snags: The finer locking
means that you can have one processor trying to send data
out through an ethernet driver while another processor tries to
access the same driver/card to do something else (such as get the
card statistics for cat /proc/net/dev). Oops - your card
stats just got sent out over the wire, while you got data for
your stats instead. Yes, the card got confused by being asked
to do two (or more!) things at once, and chances are it crashed
your machine in the process.
±×·¡¼, UP¿¡¼ ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´Â µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀº ´õÀÌ»ó ÃæºÐÄ¡ ¾Ê´Ù - À̵éÀº ¼³Á¤ µ¥ÀÌŸÀÇ ¹Þ°í,
Àü¼ÛÇϰí, º¹»çÇÏ´Â ¼¼°¡Áö ÀÛ¾÷µéÀ» Ä«µå°¡ ¾ÈÁ¤µÈ ÀÛµ¿À» ÇÒÁ¤µµ·Î Á÷·ÄÈµÈ Ä«µåÀÇ Á¢±ÙÁ¦¾î
¶ôµéÀ» °»½ÅÇØ¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù.
The scary
part here is that a driver not yet updated with locks for stable
MP operation will probably appear to be working in a MP machine
under light network load, but will crash the machine or at least
exhibit strange behaviour when two (or more!) processors try to
do more than one of these three tasks at the same time.
The updated MP aware ethernet driver will (at a
minimum) require a lock
around the driver that limits access at the entry points
from the kernel into the driver to `one at a time please'.
With this in place, things will be serialized so that the
underlying hardware should be treated just as if it was being
used in a UP machine, and so it should be stable. The downside
is that the one lock around the whole ethernet driver has
the same negative performance implications that having one big
lock around the whole kernel had (but on a smaller scale) - i.e.
you can only have one processor dealing with the card
at a time.
[Technical Note: The performance impact may also include
increased interrupt latencies if the locks that need to be
added are of the irqsave type and they are held
for a long time.]
Possible improvements on this situation can be made in two
ways. You can try to minimize the time between when the lock is
taken and when it is released, and/or you can implement finer
grained locking within the driver (e.g. a lock around the whole
driver would be overkill if a lock or two protecting against
simultaneous access to a couple of sensitive registers/settings
on the card would suffice).
However, for older non-intelligent
cards that were never designed with MP use in mind, neither of
these improvements may be feasible. Worse yet is that the
non-intelligent cards typically require the processor to move
the data between the card and the computer memory, so in a
worst case scenario the lock will be held the whole time that
it takes to move each 1.5kB data packet over an ISA bus.
The more modern intelligent cards typically move network data
directly to and from the computer memory without any help from
a processor. This is a big win, since the lock is then only
held for the short time it takes the processor to tell the card
where in memory to get/store the next network data packet. More
modern card designs are less apt to require a single big
lock around the whole driver as well.
Alpha/AXP PCI º¸µåµé »óÀÇ ¸®´ª½º¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µåµé
v2.0¿¡¼´Â, ´ÜÁö 3c509, depca, de4x5, pcnet32, ±×¸®°í ¸ðµç 8390 µå¶óÀ̹öµé(wd, smc-ultra,
ne, 3c503, µîµî.)¸¸ÀÌ DEC Alpha CPU ±â¹Ý ½Ã½ºÅÛµé»ó¿¡¼ ÀÛµ¿ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖÀ» Á¤µµ·Î `¾ÆÅ°ÅØÃ³
µ¶¸³Àû'À¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁ³´Ù. DonaldÀÇ WWW ÆäÀÌÁö¿¡¼µµ ¾ÆÅ°ÅØÃ³ µ¶¸³ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø ´Ù¸¥
¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®µÈ PCI µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀ» ãÀ»¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ¾ÆÅ°ÅØÃ³ µ¶¸³ÀûÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù´Â °ÍÀº º¹ÀâÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ´ÜÁö ´ÙÀ½À» µû¶ó
ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.
-multiply all jiffies related values by HZ/100 to account
for the different HZ value that the Alpha uses.
(i.e timeout=2; becomes timeout=2*HZ/100;)
-replace any I/O memory (640k to 1MB) pointer dereferences with
the appropriate readb() writeb() readl() writel() calls, as
shown in this example.
- int *mem_base = (int *)dev->mem_start;
- mem_base[0] = 0xba5eba5e;
+ unsigned long mem_base = dev->mem_start;
+ writel(0xba5eba5e, mem_base);
-replace all memcpy() calls that have I/O memory as source or
target destinations with the appropriate one of
memcpy_fromio() or memcpy_toio().
Details on handling memory accesses in an architecture
independent fashion are documented in the file
linux/Documentation/IO-mapping.txt that comes
with recent kernels.
SUN/Sparc Çϵå¿þ¾î »óÀÇ ¸®´ª½º¸¦ À§ÇÑ ÀÌ´õ³Ý
½ºÆÅ »óÀÇ ¸ðµç ÃÖ½ÅÀÇ Á¤º¸´Â ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ »çÀÌÆ®¿¡¼ º¼¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
Linux Sparc
¾Ë¾ÆµÖ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀº ¸î¸î ½ºÆÅ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Çϵå¿þ¾î´Â È£½ºÆ® ÄÄÇ»ÅͷκÎÅÍ MAC ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °¡Á®¿À¹Ç·Î,
¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¸¦ ¸ðµÎ °°Àº µ¿ÀÏÇÑ MAC ÁÖ¼Ò·Î ÇØÁÙ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ
µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© »ó¿¡ Çϳª ÀÌ»óÀÇ ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¸¦ ³õ¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ifconfig¿¡
À¯ÀÏÇÑ MAC ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ÇÒ´çÇϱâ À§ÇØ hw ¿É¼ÇÀ» »ç¿ëÇ϶ó.
PCI µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀ» ½ºÆÅ Ç÷§Æû¿¡ Æ÷ÆÃÇϴµ¥ÀÇ ¹®Á¦´Â À§¿¡¼ ¾ð±ÞÇÑ AXP Ç÷§ÆûÀÇ °æ¿ì¿Í
°°´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¿©±â¿¡´Â ½ºÆÅÀÌ ºò ¿£µð¾ÈÀ», ±×¸®°í AXP¿Í ix86ÀÌ ¸®Æ² ¿£µð¾ÈÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡, ÀÌ
¿£µð¾È¿¡ °üÇÑ ¹®Á¦µµ ÀÖ´Ù.
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ÀÖ´Ù. SparcÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â °¢ ¸®´ª½º Æ÷Æ®ÀÇ È¨ »çÀÌÆ®¿¡ °¡´Â°ÍÀÌ ±× Ç÷§Æû¿¡¼ ÇöÀç Áö¿øµÇ´Â
°ÍÀ» º¼¼ö ÀÖ´Â °¡Àå ÁÁÀº ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. (±×·± »çÀÌÆ®µéÀ̶ó¸é ¸µÅ©¸¦ ȯ¿µÇÕ´Ï´Ù - ¿©±â·Î º¸³»ÁÖ
¼¼¿ä!)
Çãºê¾øÀÌ 10 ¶Ç´Â 100 BaseT ¿¬°áÇϱâ
Çãºê¾øÀÌ 10/100BaseT (RJ45) ±â¹Ý ½Ã½ºÅÛµéÀ» ÇÔ²² ¿¬°áÇÒ¼ö Àִ°¡?
¿©·¯ºÐÀº 2 ¸Ó½ÅÀº ½±°Ô ÀÌÀ»¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, ±× ÀÌ»óÀº º°µµÀÇ Àåºñµé/±âÁî¸ðµé(¿µÈ '±×·½¸°'¿¡
³ª¿À´Â µ¿¹°À̸§ÀÎ°Í °°³×¿ä:¿ªÀÚÁÖ)ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½À» º¸¶ó.
Twisted Pair
-- ÀÌ ±ÛÀº ¾î¶»°Ô ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¼³¸íÇϰí ÀÖ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¸î°³ÀÇ ¼±°ú ÀåºñµéÀ»
±³Â÷ÇØ°¡¸ç ÇÔ²² Çãºê¿¡ ¹°¸±¼ö´Â ¾ø´Ù. Çãºê¿¡¼ º¹Á¦µÊ ¾øÀÌ Ãæµ¹ ½ÅÈ£¸¦ º¸Á¤Çϴ°ÍÀº
ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
SIOCSIFxxx: No such device
³ª´Â ºÎÆÃ½Ã¿¡ `SIOCSIFxxx: No such device' ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.
`SIOCADDRT: Network is unreachable'À̶ó´Â ¸Þ¼¼Áö¿¡ ÀÌ¾î¼ ¸»ÀÌ´Ù.
¹¹°¡ À߸øµÈ°Ç°¡?
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÀåÄ¡°¡ ºÎÆ®/¸ðµâ »ðÀԽÿ¡ Ž»öµÇÁö ¾Ê°í, ifconfig¿Í
route¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϸé, ÀÛµ¿½Ãų ÀåÄ¡°¡ ¾ø´Ù°í ÇÑ´Ù. dmesg | more¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ¼
ºÎÆ® ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ »ìÆìº¸°í ÀÌ´õ³ÝÄ«µå Ž»ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¾î¶² ¸Þ¼¼Áö°¡ ¾ø´ÂÁö º¸¶ó.
SIOCSFFLAGS: Try again
`ifconfig'¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÏÀÚ `SIOCSFFLAGS: Try again' À̶ó´Â ¸Þ¼¼Áö¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù -- Çê?
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå°¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á°í ÇÏ´Â IRQ¸¦ ¾î¶² ´Ù¸¥ ÀåÄ¡°¡ °¡Á®¼, ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå°¡ ±×
IRQ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸î¸î ÀåÄ¡µéÀº ±×µéÀÌ IRQ°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ¶§ Àâ¾Ò´Ù°¡ ´Ù½Ã ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ
³¡³ª¸é Ç®¾îÁֹǷÎ, À̰ÍÀ» ÇÒ´çÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¸®ºÎÆÃÇÒ Çʿ䰡 ¾ø´Ù. ¿¹¸¦µé¸é ¸î¸î »ç¿îµå Ä«µå,
½Ã¸®¾ó Æ÷Æ®, Ç÷ÎÇÇ µð½ºÅ© µå¶óÀ̹ö, µîµîÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº cat /proc/interrupts
¶ó°í Ãļ ¾î´À ÀÎÅÍ·´Æ®°¡ ÇöÀç »ç¿ëÁßÀΰ¡¸¦ º¼¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¸®´ª½º ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå
µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀº `ifconfig'¸¦ ÅëÇØ »ç¿ëÇÏ·Á°í ¿·ÈÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡¸¸ IRQ¸¦ Â÷ÁöÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ
ÇÊ¿äÇÑ IRQ ¶óÀÎÀ» ´Ù¸¥ ÀåÄ¡°¡ `³õ°í °¡°Ô'ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¿©·¯ºÐÀº ifconfig·Î `´Ù½Ã ½ÃµµÇÒ'¼ö
ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
`ifconfig'¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ¼ 00:00:00:00:00:00 °ªÀÇ HW-addr·Î UNSPEC ¿¬°á
¾Æ¹«·± Àμö¾øÀÌ ifconfig¸¦ Çϸé, LINK°¡ UNSPEC (10Mbs ÀÌ´õ³Ý ´ë½Å)ÀÌ°í ³» Çϵå¿þ¾î
ÁÖ¼Ò´Â ¸ðµÎ ¿µÀÌ´Ù.
À̰ÍÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×µéÀÇ Ä¿³Î ¹öÀüº¸´Ù ³ôÀº »õ ¹öÀüÀÇ `ifconfig' ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ½ÇÇàÇϱâ
¶§¹®¿¡ ÀϾÙ. ÀÌ »õ¹öÀüÀÇ ifconfig´Â ±¸Çü Ä¿³Î°ú ÇÔ²² »ç¿ëµÉ ¶§ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¼Ó¼ºµéÀ»
º¸°íÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀº Ä¿³Îµµ ¾÷±×·¹À̵å Çϰųª, ifconfig¸¦ `´Ù¿î±×·¹À̵å'Çϰųª,
¾Æ´Ï¸é °£´ÜÈ÷ ¹«½ÃÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Ä¿³ÎÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ Çϵå¿þ¾î ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¾Ë°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ifconfig°¡
±×°ÍÀ» ÀÐÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù°í ÇØ¼ Á¤¸»·Î ¹«½¼ ÀÏÀÌ ÀϾ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù.
¸¸ÀÏ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ifconfig ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ »ç¿ëÇϰí ÀÖ´Â Ä¿³Îº¸´Ù
¾ÆÁÖ ¸¹ÀÌ ±¸ÇüÀÏ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¾û¶×ÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾ò¾î³¾¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
¾öû³ ¾çÀÇ RX ¿Í TX ¿¡·¯µé
¾Æ¹«·± Àμöµé¾øÀÌ ifconfig¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϸé, º¸³»°í ¹ÞÀº ÆÐŶ ¸ðµÎ¿¡ ¾öû³ ¾çÀÇ ¿¡·¯¼ýÀÚ°¡
Àִ°ÍÀ» º»´Ù. ¸ðµÎ Á¦´ë·Î ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´Â °Í °°Àºµ¥ -- ¹«¾ùÀÌ À߸øµÈ °ÍÀΰ¡?
´Ù½Ã Àß º¸¶ó. À̰ÍÀº RX packets big number PAUSE errors 0
PAUSE dropped 0 PAUSE overrun 0 ÀÌ´Ù.
TX ¿ÀÇ °æ¿ìµµ ¸¶Âù°¡Áö´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ º» Å« ¼ýÀÚµéÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ¸Ó½ÅÀÌ ÁÖ°í
¹ÞÀº ÆÐŶÀÇ ÃÑ ¼ýÀÚÀÌ´Ù. ¾ÆÁ÷µµ È¥¶õ½º·´´Ù¸é, ´ë½Å¿¡ cat /proc/net/dev¶ó°í
Ã帶ó.
/dev/ ³»ÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µåµéÀ» À§ÇÑ ³»¿ë¹°µé
³ª´Â /dev/eth0°¡ /dev/xxx¿¡ ¸µÅ©µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. À̰ÍÀÌ ¿ÇÀº °ÍÀΰ¡?
¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ µéÀº°Í°ú´Â ´Þ¸®, /dev/* ³»ÀÇ ÆÄÀϵéÀº »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
¿©·¯ºÐÀº /dev/wd0, /dev/ne0¿Í °°Àº ¾î¶°ÇÑ ºñ½ÁÇÑ ³»¿ëµéµµ Áö¿ï¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¸®´ª½º¿Í ``trailers''
`ifconfig'`¸¦ ³» ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÒ¶§ Æ®·¹ÀÏ·¯¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ¾ø°Ô ÇÒ¼ö´Â ¾ø³ª?
¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¿øÇÏÁö ¾Ê´õ¶óµµ, Æ®·¹ÀÏ·¯¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ¾ø°Ô ÇÒ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. `Æ®·¹ÀÏ·¯'´Â
³×Æ®¿öÅ· ·¹À̾¼ÀÇ µ¥ÀÌŸ º¹»ç¸¦ ÇÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¸¸µé¾îÁø °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î´Â `H'
Å©±âÀÇ ÀÛÀº °íÁ¤ Å©±â Çì´õ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§ÇÑ °ÍÀ¸·Î, ÆÐŶÀÇ ³¡¿¡ ´Ù¾çÇÑ Å©±âÀÇ Çì´õ
Á¤º¸¸¦ ³Ö°í, ÆäÀÌÁö°¡ ½ÃÀÛÇϱâ Àü¿¡ ¸ðµç ÆÐŶÀÇ `H' ¹ÙÀÌÆ®¸¦ ÇÒ´çÇÑ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ÁÁÀº
»ý°¢ÀÌÁö¸¸, ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â Àß µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â°ÍÀ¸·Î µå·¯³µ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ´©±º°¡°¡ `-Æ®·¹ÀÏ·¯'ÀÇ »ç¿ëÀ»
Á¦¾ÈÇÑ´Ù¸é, À̰ÍÀº ¼ö¿°¼ÒÀÇ ÇÇÀÇ Èñ»ý°ú °°Àº °ÍÀÓÀ» ¾Ë¾ÆµÎ¶ó. À̰ÍÀº ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇϴµ¥
¾Æ¹«·± µµ¿òµµ ÁÖÁö ¸øÇϳª, ¸¸ÀÏ ±× ½º½º·Î ¹®Á¦°¡ °íÃÄÁø´Ù¸é ±× ´©±º°¡´Â ±íÀº ¸¶¹ý°°Àº
Áö½ÄÀ» ¾Ë¸±¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
Àú¼öÁØ ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÀåÄ¡¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇϱâ
¸®´ª½º¿¡¼ TCP/IP³ª ±×·¯ÇÑ °ÍµéÀ» ÅëÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í Àú¼öÁØ ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÀåÄ¡¿¡ Á¢±ÙÇÏ·Á¸é ¾î¶»°Ô
ÇØ¾ß Çϳª?
int s=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_PACKET,htons(ETH_P_ALL));
À̰ÍÀº ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¸ðµç ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ Å¸ÀÔÀ» ¹Þ´Â ¼ÒÄÏÀ» Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù.
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4.1 ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ °³³äµé
8 ºñÆ® Ä«µåÁ¶Â÷µµ ¾Æ¹«·± ¹®Á¦¾øÀÌ ÆÐŶÀ» back-to-backÀ¸·Î º¸³¾¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¹®Á¦´Â Ä«µå°¡ ´õ
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¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÌÁö ¸øÇϴµ¥ ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ÄÄÇ»ÅͰ¡ Ä«µåÀÇ ¸Þ¸ð¸®³»¿¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ¹ÞÀº ÆÐŶµéÀ» »¡¸® ºñ¿ìÁö
¾ÊÀ¸¸é, Ä«µå´Â »õ ÆÐŶÀ» ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀÏ °ø°£ÀÌ ¾ø°Ô µÈ´Ù.
ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡ Ä«µå´Â »õ ÆÐŶÀ» ¹ö¸®°Å³ª, ÀÌÀü¿¡ ¹ÞÀº ÆÐŶÀÇ ¸Ç À§¿¡¼ µ¤¾î¾²°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¾î´À
°ÍÀ̵ç ÀçÀü¼ÛÀ» ¾ß±â/¿ä±¸ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á ºÎµå·¯¿î Àü¼Û È帧À» ¹æÇØÇÏ°Ô µÇ°í, ½É°¢ÇÑ ¼º´É ÀúÇϸ¦
³ªÅ¸³¾¼ö ÀÖ´Ù!
´õ ¸¹Àº ¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ ³»ÀåÇÑ Ä«µåµéÀº ´õ ¸¹Àº ÆÐŶµéÀ» ``ÀúÀå''ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ÆÐŶÀ» ¹ö¸®Áö ¾Ê°í
´õ ¸¹Àº ¾çÀÇ back-to-back ÆÐŶ È帧À» Á¦¾îÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´Ù½Ã¸»Çϸé, Ä«µå°¡ ÆÐŶµéÀ» ¹ö¸®Áö
¾Ê±âÀ§ÇØ ¹öÆÛ³»ÀÇ ÆÐŶµéÀ» ¹Ð¾î³»µµ·Ï ¿äûÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù.
´ëºÎºÐÀÇ 8ºñÆ® Ä«µåµéÀº 8kBÀÇ ¹öÆÛ¸¦ °¡Áö¸ç, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ 16ºñÆ® Ä«µåµéÀº 16kBÀÇ ¹öÆÛ¸¦ °®´Â
´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¸®´ª½º µå¶óÀ̹öµéÀº ¹öÆÛ·Î 3kB¸¦ ³²°ÜµÎ¸ç(µÎ°³ÀÇ Àü¼Û ¹öÆÛ), 8ºñÆ® Ä«µå¸¦
À§Çؼ ´ÜÁö 5kB¸¦ ³²°Ü³õ´Â´Ù. ÀÌ °ø°£Àº ´ÜÁö Ç® »çÀÌÁîÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÆÐŶ ¼¼°³(1500 bytes)
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4.2 ISA Ä«µåµé°ú ISA ¹ö½º ¼Óµµ
À§¿¡¼ ¾ð±ÞÇß´Ù½ÃÇÇ, ÆÐŶµéÀÌ Ä«µå¿¡¼ ÃæºÐÈ÷ ºü¸£°Ô ¾ø¾îÁö¸é, ¼ö½Å ÆÐŶ ¹öÆÛ ¸Þ¸ð¸®°¡
À۾Ƶµ ÆÐŶÀ» ¹ö¸®°Å³ª ³ÑÃĹö¸®´Â ÀÏÀ» ÀϾÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. Ä«µå¿¡¼ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍÀÇ ¸Þ¸ð¸®·Î ÆÐŶÀ»
À̵¿ÇÏ´Â ºñÀ²Àº µÎ °³°¡ ¸¸³ª´Â ºÎºÐ - À̰ÍÀÌ ISA ¹ö½º ¼ÓµµÀÌ´Ù - ÀÇ µ¥ÀÌŸ ¼Óµµ¿¡ ´Þ·Á
ÀÖ´Ù. (¸¸ÀÏ CPU°¡ 386sx-16À̶óµµ, À̰ÍÀº Àû¿ëµÈ´Ù)
±ÇÀåÇÏ´Â ISA ¹ö½º Ŭ·°Àº ¾à 8MHzÀÌÁö¸¸, ¸¹Àº ¸ÞÀκ¸µå¿Í ÁÖº¯±â±âµéÀº ´õ ³ôÀº Á֯ļö·Î
µ¿ÀÛÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ISA ¹ö½º Ŭ·° Á֯ļö´Â º¸Åë ¸ÞÀκ¸µå/CPU Ŭ·° Á֯ļö¸¦ ³ª´« °ÍÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÏ´Â
°ÍÀ¸·Î, CMOS ¼³Á¤¿¡¼ Á¤ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¸î¸î ISA ¿Í PCI/ISA ¸ÞÀκ¸µå´Â ÀÌ ¿É¼ÇÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖÁö
¾Ê¾Æ¼ ÃâÇϽà ±âº»°ªÀ¸·Î¸¸ »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
¿¹¸¦ µé¾î, 8ºñÆ® WD8003EP Ä«µå°¡ ²ÅÈù, 40MHz 486¿¡¼ TTCP ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À¸·Î ÃøÁ¤ÇÑ ¼·Î´Ù¸¥
ISA ¹ö½º ¼Óµµ°¡ ¾Æ·¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
ISA Bus Speed (MHz) Rx TTCP (kB/s)
------------------- --------------
6.7 740
13.4 970
20.0 1030
26.7 1075
¿©·¯ºÐÀº ¾î¶°ÇÑ 10Mb/s ÀÌ´õ³Ý Ä«µå·Îµµ, TCP/IP¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ¼ 1075kB/sÀÌ»óÀÇ °á°ú¸¦
¾òÁö ¸øÇÒ°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ¸ðµç ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼ ºü¸¥ ISA ¹ö½º ¼Óµµ°¡ ³ª¿Ã°Å¶ó°í´Â ±â´ëÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó.
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ªÀº Áö¼Ó½Ã°£À» °®°Ô ÇϸéµÈ´Ù. (ISA ¹ö½º»óÀÇ ÇÏµå µð½ºÅ©¿Í ºñµð¿À Ä«µåµµ ¶ÇÇÑ Çâ»óµÈ
ISA ¹ö½º ¼Óµµ ´öºÐ¿¡ ¼º´ÉÀÌ ¿Ã¶ó°¡´Â °ÍÀ» °æÇèÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.)
8MHz°¡ ³Ñ´Â ISA ¹ö½º ¼Óµµ¸¦ ½ÃÇèÇϱ⿡ ¾Õ¼¼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ ¹é¾÷ÇØ µÎ¾ú´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇϰí,
¼Óµµ¸¦ ¿Ã¸° ÈÄ¿¡´Â ¸ðµç ISA ÁÖº¯±â±âµéÀÌ Á¦´ë·Î ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´ÂÁö ½ÃÇèÇØº¸±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù.
4.3 TCP ¼ö½Å À©µµ¿ìÀÇ ¼³Á¤
´Ù½ÃÇѹø ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é, ÀûÀº ¾çÀÇ RAMÀ» °¡Áø Ä«µå¿Í ´À¸° µ¥ÀÌŸ Àü¼Û·Î¸¦ °¡Áø Ä«µå¿Í ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ
¸Þ¸ð¸® »çÀÌ¿¡´Â ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù. TCP ¼ö½Å À©µµ¿ì ¼³Á¤ÀÇ ±âº»°ªÀº 32kBÀε¥, À̰ÍÀº
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ»óÀÇ µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦ Àß ¹Þ¾ÆÁ³´ÂÁö ¾Æ´ÑÁö º¸±âÀ§ÇØ ¸ØÃß´Â°Í ¾øÀÌ 32kÀÇ µ¥ÀÌŸ¸¦
´ýÇÁÇÒ¼ö Àִ°Ͱ°ÀÌ µ¿ÀÏ ¼ºê³ÝÀÇ ºü¸¥ ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡¼µµ ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù.
ÃֽйöÀüÀÇ route ¸í·ÉÀ¸·Î ÀÌ À©µµ¿ìÀÇ Å©±â¸¦ ½Ç½Ã°£À¸·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
º¸Åë ¶ó¿ìÅͳª °ÔÀÌÆ®¿þÀÌµé µÚ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ÄÄÇ»Å͵éÀº ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾øµµ·Ï `¹öÆÛ¸µÀ» Çϱâ' ¶§¹®¿¡,
·ÎÄà ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡¼ ÀÌ À©µµ¿ìÀÇ Å©±â´Â ÀÛ¾ÆÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. »ç¿ë¿¹´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.
route add <whatever> ... window <win_size>
¿©±â¼ win_size ´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ±æ ¿øÇÏ´Â À©µµ¿ìÀÇ Å©±âÀÌ´Ù.(¹ÙÀÌÆ®·Î)
8MHz³ª ±× ÀÌÇÏÀÇ ¼Óµµ·Î ÀÛµ¿ÇÏ´Â ISA ¹ö½º»óÀÇ 8ºñÆ® 3c503 Ä«µå´Â 4kBÀÇ À©µµ¿ì Å©±â¿¡µµ Àß
µ¹¾Æ°£´Ù. ³Ê¹« Å« À©µµ¿ì´Â ÆÐŶ ¼Õ½ÇÀ̳ª ³ÑħÀ» ¾ß±â½Ã۰í, ÀÌ´õ³Ý Àü¼Û·®ÀÇ ±Þ°ÝÇÑ °¨¼Ò¸¦
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4.4 NFS ¼º´É ¿Ã¸®±â
¸î¸î »ç¶÷µéÀº NFS Ŭ¶óÀÌ¾ðÆ®¿¡¼ 8ºñÆ® Ä«µå¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é¼ 8kB (Sun °íÀ¯ÀÇ) NFS ÆÐŶ Å©±â¸¦
ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ¶§, ±â´ëÇß´ø ¼º´Éº¸´Ù ´õ ³ª»Û°ÍÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù.
ÀÌ °æ¿ì¿¡ °¡´ÉÇÑ ¿øÀÎÀº 8ºñÆ®¿Í 16ºñÆ® Ä«µå¿¡ ÀåÂøµÈ ¹öÆÛ Å©±âÀÇ Â÷ÀÌÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÆÐŶÀÇ
ÃÖ´ë Å©±â´Â 1500 ¹ÙÀÌÆ® ÀÌ´Ù. 8kBÀÇ NFS ÆÐŶÀº ´ë·« ÃÖ´ëÅ©±âÀÇ ÀÌ´õ³Ý ÆÐŶ 6°³¿Í °°´Ù.
8ºñÆ®¿Í 16ºñÆ® Ä«µå°¡ ÆÐŶÀ» ¼ö½ÅÇÒ ¶§´Â ¾Æ¹«·± ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ¹®Á¦´Â ¸Ó½ÅÀÌ Ä«µåÀÇ ¹öÆÛ¿¡
¼ ÆÐŶÀ» Á¦½Ã°£¿¡ Á¦°ÅÇÏÁö ¸øÇؼ, ¹öÆÛ°¡ ³ÑÄ¥¶§ ÀϾÙ. »ç½Ç Àü¼Û·®´ç Á¤·® ÀÌ»óÀÇ
ISA ¹ö½º »çÀÌŬÀ» °¡Áø 8ºñÆ® Ä«µåµéÀº ¾î´À°Í¿¡µµ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÇÒ¼ö
Àִ°ÍÀº 8ºñÆ® Ä«µå¸¦ °¡Áø °æ¿ì NFS Àü¼Û ÆÐŶ Å©±â¸¦ 2kB(¶Ç´Â 1kB)·Î ¼³Á¤Çϰųª, Ä«µå°¡
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WD8003E Ä«µå°¡ (´Ù¸¥ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ºÎÇÏ ¾øÀÌ) 2kB NFS Å©±â¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ¾úÁö¸¸, 4kB´Â ¼¼°¡Áö
»ç½Ç¶§¹®¿¡ ¼º´ÉÀÌ ³·¾ÆÁüÀ¸·Î À¯ÁöÇÒ¼ö ¾ø¾ú´Ù.
´Ù¸¥ ¸»·Î Çϸé, ±âº» Å©±â ¿É¼ÇÀ» 1kB Å©±â·Î »ç¿ëÇϰí, ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ Àû¾îµµ 16ºñÆ® ISA Ä«µå¸¦
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status ´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â, ¸®´ª½º Ä¿³Î³»¿¡ ÁÖ¾îÁø µå¶óÀ̹ö À̸§ÀÌ ³ª¿µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. À̰ÍÀº ¶ÇÇÑ
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5.1 3Com
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(ref 24500002)¶ó´Â ¹®¼°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. 3Com ¹®¼¸¦ ¾î¶»°Ô ¾ò´ÂÁö´Â ´ÙÀ½À» º¸¶ó.
Technical Information from 3Com
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ftp.3Com.com¿¡¼ ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¿øÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ãÀ»¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
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3c501
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For those not yet convinced, the 3c501 can only do one
thing at a time -- while you are removing one packet
from the single-packet buffer it cannot receive
another packet, nor can it receive a packet while
loading a transmit packet. This was fine for a
network between two 8088-based computers where
processing each packet and replying took 10's of
msecs, but modern networks send back-to-back
packets for almost every transaction.
AutoIRQ works, DMA isn't used, the autoprobe only
looks at 0x280 and 0x300, and the debug level is set
with the third boot-time argument.
Once again, the use of a 3c501 is strongly discouraged!
Even more so with a IP multicast kernel, as you will
grind to a halt while listening to all multicast
packets. See the comments at the top of the source code
for more details.
EtherLink II, 3c503, 3c503/16
Status: Supported, Driver Name: 3c503 (+8390)
The 3c503 does not have ``EEPROM setup'',
so a diagnostic/setup program
isn't needed before running the card with Linux. The
shared memory address of the 3c503 is set using jumpers
that are shared with the boot PROM address. This is
confusing to people familiar with other ISA cards,
where you always leave the jumper set to ``disable''
unless you have a boot PROM.
These cards should be about the same speed as the same bus
width WD80x3, but turn out to be actually a bit slower.
These shared-memory ethercards also have a
programmed I/O mode that doesn't use the 8390
facilities (their engineers found too many bugs!)
The Linux 3c503 driver can also work with the 3c503
in programmed-I/O mode, but this is slower and less
reliable than shared memory mode. Also, programmed-I/O
mode is not as well tested when updating the drivers.
You shouldn't use the programmed-I/O mode
unless you need it for MS-DOS compatibility.
The 3c503's IRQ line is set in software, with no hints
from an EEPROM. Unlike the MS-DOS drivers, the
Linux driver has capability to autoIRQ: it uses the
first available IRQ line in {5,2/9,3,4}, selected each
time the card is ifconfig'ed. (Older driver versions
selected the IRQ at boot time.) The ioctl() call
in `ifconfig' will return EAGAIN if no IRQ line is
available at that time.
Some common problems that people have with the 503
are discussed in
Problems with....
If you intend on using this driver as a loadable module
you should probably see
Using the Ethernet Drivers as Modules
for module specific information.
Note that some old diskless 386 workstations have an on board
3c503 (made by 3Com and sold under different names, like `Bull')
but the vendor ID is not a 3Com ID and so it won't be detected.
More details can be found in the Etherboot package, which you
will need anyways to boot these diskless boxes.
Etherlink Plus 3c505
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: 3c505
This is a driver that was written by Craig Southeren
geoffw@extro.ucc.su.oz.au. These cards also
use the i82586 chip.
There are not that many of these cards about.
It is included in the standard kernel, but it is classed as
an alpha driver. See
Alpha Drivers
for important information on using alpha-test ethernet drivers
with Linux.
There is also the file
/usr/src/linux/drivers/net/README.3c505
that you should read if you are going to use one of these cards.
It contains various options that you can enable/disable.
Etherlink-16 3c507
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: 3c507
This card uses one of the Intel chips, and the
development of the driver is closely related to
the development of the Intel Ether Express driver.
The driver is included in the standard kernel
release, but as an alpha driver.
See
Alpha Drivers for important
information on using alpha-test ethernet drivers
with Linux.
Etherlink III, 3c509 / 3c509B
Status: Supported, Driver Name: 3c509
This card is fairly inexpensive and has
good performance for an ISA non-bus-master design.
The drawbacks are that the original 3c509
requires very low interrupt latency. The 3c509B
shouldn't suffer from the same problem, due to
having a larger buffer. (See below.) These cards
use PIO transfers, similar to a ne2000 card, and so
a shared memory card such as a wd8013 will be more
efficient in comparison.
The original 3c509 has a small packet buffer
(4kB total, 2kB Rx, 2kB Tx), causing the driver to
occasionally drop a packet if interrupts are masked for
too long. To minimize this problem, you can try unmasking
interrupts during IDE disk transfers (see man hdparm) and/or
increasing your ISA bus speed so IDE transfers finish sooner.
The newer model 3c509B has 8kB on board, and the buffer
can be split 4/4, 5/3 or 6/2 for Rx/Tx. This setting
is changed with the DOS configuration utility, and is stored
on the EEPROM. This should alleviate the
above problem with the original 3c509.
3c509B users should use either the supplied DOS
utility to disable the plug and play support, and
to set the output media to what they require. The linux
driver currently does not support the Autodetect
media setting, so you have to select 10Base-T or
10Base-2 or AUI.
Note that to turn off PnP entirely, you should do a
3C5X9CFG /PNP:DISABLE and then follow that with a hard
reset to ensure that it takes effect.
Some people ask about the ``Server or Workstation'' and ``Highest
Modem Speed'' settings presented in the DOS configuration utility.
Donald writes ``These are only hints to the drivers, and the Linux
driver does not use these parameters: it always optimizes for high
throughput rather than low latency (`Server'). Low latency was
critically important for old, non-windowed, IPX throughput.
To reduce the latency the MS-DOS driver for the 3c509 disables
interrupts for some operations, blocking serial port interrupts.
Thus the need for the `modem speed' setting. The Linux driver avoids
the need to disable interrupts for long periods by operating only
on whole packets e.g. by not starting to transmit a packet
until it is completely transferred to the card.''
Note that the ISA card detection uses a different method
than most cards. Basically, you ask the cards to respond
by sending data to an ID_PORT (port 0x100 to 0x1ff
on intervals of 0x10).
This detection method means that
a particular card will always get detected first
in a multiple ISA 3c509 configuration.
The card with the lowest hardware ethernet address
will always end up being eth0. This shouldn't matter
to anyone, except for those people who want to assign
a 6 byte hardware address to a particular interface.
If you have multiple 3c509 cards, it is best to append
ether=0,0,ethN commands without the I/O port specified
(i.e. use I/O=zero) and allow the probe to sort out which
card is first. Using a non-zero I/O value will ensure that it
does not detect all your cards, so don't do it.
If this really bothers you, have a look at Donald's latest driver,
as you may be able to use a 0x3c509 value in the unused mem
address fields to order the detection to suit your needs.
3c515
Status: Supported, Driver Name: 3c515
This is 3Com's ISA 100Mbps offering,
codenamed ``CorkScrew''. A relatively new driver from
Donald for these cards is included in the v2.2 kernels.
For the most up to date information, you
should probably look on the Vortex page:
Vortex
3c523
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: 3c523
This MCA bus card uses the i82586, and Chris Beauregard
has modified the ni52 driver to work with these cards. The
driver for it can be found in the v2.2 kernel source tree.
More details can be found on the
MCA-Linux page at http://glycerine.cetmm.uni.edu/mca/
3c527
Status: Not Supported.
Yes, another MCA card. No, not too much interest in it.
Better chances with the 3c529 if you are stuck with MCA.
3c529
Status: Supported, Driver Name: 3c509
This card actually uses the same chipset as the 3c509.
Donald actually put hooks into the 3c509 driver to check
for MCA cards after probing for EISA cards, and before
probing for ISA cards, long before MCA support was
added to the kernel. The required MCA probe code is
included in the driver shipped with v2.2 kernels.
More details can be found on the MCA-Linux page at:
http://glycerine.cetmm.uni.edu/mca/
3c562
Status: Supported, Driver Name: 3c589 (distributed separately)
This PCMCIA card is the combination of a 3c589B ethernet card
with a modem. The modem appears as a standard modem to the
end user. The only difficulty is getting the two separate
linux drivers to share one interrupt. There are a couple of new
registers and some hardware interrupt sharing support.
You need to use a v2.0 or newer kernel that has the support
for interrupt sharing.
Thanks again to Cameron for getting a sample unit and
documentation sent off to David Hinds. Look for support in David's
PCMCIA package release.
See
PCMCIA Support for more
info on PCMCIA chipsets, socket enablers, etc.
3c575
Status: Unknown.
A driver for this PCMCIA card is under development and hopefully
will be included in David's PCMCIA package in the future.
Best to check the PCMCIA package to get the current status.
3c579
Status: Supported, Driver Name: 3c509
The EISA version of the 509. The current EISA version
uses the same 16 bit wide chip rather than a 32 bit
interface, so the performance increase isn't stunning.
Make sure the card is configured for EISA addressing mode.
Read the above 3c509 section for info on the driver.
3c589 / 3c589B
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: 3c589
Many people have been using this PCMCIA card for quite some time
now. Note that support for it is not (at present) included
in the default kernel source tree.
The "B" in the name means the same here as it does for
the 3c509 case.
There are drivers available on Donald's ftp site and in
David Hinds PCMCIA package. You will also need
a supported PCMCIA controller chipset.
See
PCMCIA Support for more
info on PCMCIA drivers, chipsets, socket enablers, etc.
3c590 / 3c595
Status: Supported, Driver Name: 3c59x
These ``Vortex'' cards are for PCI bus machines, with the '590
being 10Mbps and the '595 being 3Com's 100Mbs offering.
Also note that you can run the '595 as a '590 (i.e. in a 10Mbps mode).
The driver is included in the v2.0 kernel source, but is
also continually being updated. If you have problems with the
driver in the v2.0 kernel, you
can get an updated driver from the following URL:
Vortex
Note that there are two different 3c590 cards out there, early
models that had 32kB of on-board memory, and later models that
only have 8kB of memory. Chances are you won't be
able to buy a new 3c59x for much longer, as it is being replaced
with the 3c90x card. If you are buying a used one off somebody,
try and get the 32kB version. The 3c595 cards have 64kB,
as you can't get away with only 8kB RAM at 100Mbps!
A thanks to Cameron Spitzer and Terry Murphy of 3Com for
sending cards and documentation to Donald so he could write
the driver.
Donald has set up a mailing list for Vortex driver support.
To join the list, just do:
echo subscribe | /bin/mail
linux-vortex-request@cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov
3c592 / 3c597
Status: Supported, Driver Name: 3c59x
These are the EISA versions of the 3c59x
series of cards. The 3c592/3c597 (aka Demon) should work with
the vortex driver discussed above.
3c900 / 3c905 / 3c905B
Status: Supported, Driver Name: 3c59x
These cards (aka `Boomerang', aka EtherLink III XL) have been
released to take over the place of the 3c590/3c595 cards.
The support for the Cyclone `B' revision was only recently added.
To use this card with older v2.0 kernels, you must obtain the
updated 3c59x.c driver from Donald's site at:
Vortex-Page
If in doubt about anything then check out the above WWW page.
Donald has set up a mailing list for Vortex driver support
announcements and etc. To join the list, just do:
echo subscribe | /bin/mail
linux-vortex-request@cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov
3c985
Status: Supported, Driver Name: acenic
This driver, by Jes Sorensen, is available in v2.2 kernels
It supports several other Gigabit cards in addition to
the 3Com model.
5.2 Accton
Accton MPX
Status: Supported, Driver Name: ne (+8390)
Don't let the name fool you. This is still supposed to be a
NE2000 compatible card, and should work with the ne2000 driver.
Accton EN1203, EN1207, EtherDuo-PCI
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de4x5, tulip
This is another implementation of the DEC 21040 PCI chip.
The EN1207 card has the 21140, and also has a 10Base-2
connector, which has proved troublesome for some people
in terms of selecting that media. Using the card with
10Base-T and 100Base-T media have worked for others though.
So as with all purchases, you should try and make sure
you can return it if it doesn't work for you.
See
DEC 21040
for more information on these cards, and the present driver
situation.
Accton EN2209 Parallel Port Adaptor (EtherPocket)
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: ?
A driver for these parallel port adapters is available
but not yet part of the 2.0 or 2.1 kernel source. You have to
get the driver from:
http://www.unix-ag.uni-siegen.de/~nils/accton_linux.html
Accton EN2212 PCMCIA Card
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: ?
David Hinds has been working on a driver for this card, and
you are best to check the latest release of his PCMCIA
package to see what the present status is.
5.3 Allied Telesyn/Telesis
AT1500
Status: Supported, Driver Name: lance
These are a series of low-cost ethercards using the 79C960 version
of the AMD LANCE. These are bus-master cards, and hence one of
the faster ISA bus ethercards available.
DMA selection and chip numbering information can be found in
AMD LANCE.
More technical information on AMD LANCE based Ethernet cards
can be found in
Notes on AMD....
AT1700
Status: Supported, Driver Name: at1700
Note that to access this driver during make config
you still have to answer `Y' when asked ``Prompt for
development and/or incomplete code/drivers?'' at
the first. This is simply due to lack of feedback on the
driver stability due to it being a relatively rare card.
If you have problems with the driver that ships with
the kernel then you may be interested in the alternative
driver available at:
http://www.cc.hit-u.ac.jp/nagoya/at1700/
The Allied Telesis AT1700 series ethercards are based
on the Fujitsu MB86965. This chip uses a programmed
I/O interface, and a pair of fixed-size transmit
buffers. This allows small groups of packets to
be sent back-to-back, with a short pause while
switching buffers.
A unique feature is the ability to drive 150ohm STP
(Shielded Twisted Pair) cable commonly installed for
Token Ring, in addition to 10baseT 100ohm UTP
(unshielded twisted pair). A fibre optic
version of the card (AT1700FT) exists as well.
The Fujitsu chip used on the AT1700 has a design flaw:
it can only be fully reset by doing a power cycle of the machine.
Pressing the reset button doesn't reset the bus interface. This
wouldn't be so bad, except that it can only be reliably detected
when it has been freshly reset. The solution/work-around is to
power-cycle the machine if the kernel has a problem detecting
the AT1700.
AT2450
Status: Supported, Driver Name: pcnet32
This is the PCI version of the AT1500, and it doesn't suffer
from the problems that the Boca 79c970 PCI card does.
DMA selection and chip numbering information can be found in
AMD LANCE.
More technical information on AMD LANCE based Ethernet cards
can be found in
Notes on AMD....
AT2500
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: rtl8139
This card uses the RealTek 8139 chip - see the
section
RealTek 8139.
AT2540FX
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: eepro100
This card uses the i82557 chip, and hence may/should work
with the eepro100 driver. If you try this please send in
a report so this information can be updated.
5.4 AMD / Advanced Micro Devices
Carl Ching of AMD was kind enough to provide a very
detailed description of all the relevant AMD ethernet
products which helped clear up this section.
AMD LANCE (7990, 79C960/961/961A, PCnet-ISA)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: lance
There really is no AMD ethernet card. You are probably reading this
because the only markings you could find on your card said AMD
and the above number. The 7990 is the original `LANCE' chip,
but most stuff (including this document) refer to all these
similar chips as `LANCE' chips. (...incorrectly, I might add.)
These above numbers refer to chips from AMD
that are the heart of many ethernet cards.
For example, the Allied Telesis AT1500 (see
AT1500) and the NE1500/2100 (see
NE1500) use these chips.
The 7990/79c90 have long been replaced by newer versions.
The 79C960 (a.k.a. PCnet-ISA) essentially contains the 79c90
core, along with all the other hardware support required, which
allows a single-chip ethernet solution. The 79c961 (PCnet-ISA+)
is a jumperless Plug and Play version of the '960. The final
chip in the ISA series is the 79c961A (PCnet-ISA II), which
adds full duplex capabilities.
All cards with one of these chips should work with
the lance.c driver, with the exception of very old cards that
used the original 7990 in a shared memory configuration. These
old cards can be spotted by the lack of jumpers for a DMA channel.
One common problem people have is the `busmaster arbitration
failure' message. This is printed out when the LANCE driver
can't get access to the bus after a reasonable amount of time
has elapsed (50us). This usually indicates that the motherboard
implementation of bus-mastering DMA is broken, or some other device
is hogging the bus, or there is a DMA channel conflict. If your BIOS
setup has the `GAT option' (for Guaranteed Access Time) then try
toggling/altering that setting to see if it helps.
Also note that the driver only looks at the addresses:
0x300, 0x320, 0x340, 0x360 for a valid card, and any
address supplied by an ether= boot argument is silently
ignored (this will be fixed) so make sure your card is configured
for one of the above I/O addresses for now.
The driver will still work fine, even
if more than 16MB of memory is installed, since low-memory
`bounce-buffers' are used when needed (i.e. any data from
above 16MB is copied into a buffer below 16MB before being
given to the card to transmit.)
The DMA channel can be set with the low bits
of the otherwise-unused dev->mem_start value (a.k.a. PARAM_1).
(see
PARAM_1)
If unset it is probed for by enabling each free DMA channel
in turn and checking if initialization succeeds.
The HP-J2405A board is an exception: with this board it's easy
to read the EEPROM-set values for the IRQ, and DMA.
See
Notes on AMD...
for more info on these chips.
AMD 79C965 (PCnet-32)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: pcnet32
This is the PCnet-32 -- a 32 bit bus-master version of the
original LANCE chip for VL-bus and local bus systems.
chip. While these chips can be operated with the standard
lance.c driver, a 32 bit version (pcnet32.c) is
also available that does not have to concern itself with
any 16MB limitations associated with the ISA bus.
AMD 79C970/970A (PCnet-PCI)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: pcnet32
This is the PCnet-PCI -- similar to the PCnet-32, but designed
for PCI bus based systems. Please see the
above PCnet-32 information.
This means that you need to build a kernel with
PCI BIOS support enabled. The '970A adds full duplex support
along with some other features to the original '970 design.
Note that the Boca implementation of the 79C970 fails on
fast Pentium machines. This is a hardware problem, as it
affects DOS users as well. See the Boca section for more
details.
AMD 79C971 (PCnet-FAST)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: pcnet32
This is AMD's 100Mbit chip for PCI systems, which also supports
full duplex operation. It was introduced in June 1996.
AMD 79C972 (PCnet-FAST+)
Status: Unknown, Driver Name: pcnet32
This should also work just like the '971 but this has yet to
be confirmed.
AMD 79C974 (PCnet-SCSI)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: pcnet32
This is the PCnet-SCSI -- which is basically treated like
a '970 from an Ethernet point of view.
Also see the above information. Don't ask if the
SCSI half of the chip is supported -- this is the
Ethernet-HowTo, not the SCSI-HowTo.
5.5 Ansel Communications
AC3200 EISA
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: ac3200
Note that to access this driver during make config
you still have to answer `Y' when asked ``Prompt for
development and/or incomplete code/drivers?'' at
the first. This is simply due to lack of feedback on the
driver stability due to it being a relatively rare card.
This driver is included in the present kernel as an
alpha test driver. It is based on the common NS8390
chip used in the ne2000 and wd80x3 cards.
Please see
Alpha Drivers in
this document for important information regarding
alpha drivers.
If you use it, let one of us know how things work out,
as feedback has been low, even though the driver has
been in the kernel since v1.1.25.
If you intend on using this driver as a loadable module
you should probably see
Using the Ethernet Drivers as Modules
for module specific information.
5.6 Apricot
Apricot Xen-II On Board Ethernet
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: apricot
This on board ethernet uses an i82596 bus-master chip.
It can only be at I/O address 0x300.
By looking at the driver source,
it appears that the IRQ is also hardwired to 10.
Earlier versions of the driver had a tendency to think
that anything living at 0x300 was an apricot NIC.
Since then the hardware address is checked to avoid these
false detections.
5.7 Arcnet
Status: Supported, Driver Name: arcnet (arc-rimi, com90xx, com20020)
With the very low cost and better performance of ethernet,
chances are that most places will be giving away their Arcnet
hardware for free, resulting in a lot of home systems with Arcnet.
An advantage of Arcnet is that all of the cards have identical
interfaces, so one driver will work for everyone. It also has
built in error handling so that it supposedly never loses a packet.
(Great for UDP traffic!)
Avery Pennarun's arcnet driver has been in the
default kernel sources since 1.1.80. The arcnet driver
uses `arc0' as its name instead of the usual `eth0' for
ethernet devices.
Bug reports and success stories can be mailed to:
apenwarr@foxnet.net
There are information files contained in the standard kernel for
setting jumpers and general hints.
Supposedly the driver also works with the 100Mbs ARCnet cards
as well!
5.8 AT&T
Note that AT&T's StarLAN is an orphaned technology, like
SynOptics LattisNet, and can't be used in a standard 10Base-T
environment, without a hub that `speaks' both.
AT&T T7231 (LanPACER+)
Status: Not Supported.
These StarLAN cards use an interface similar to the i82586
chip. At one point, Matthijs Melchior
(matthijs.n.melchior@att.com) was playing with the 3c507
driver, and almost had something useable working. Haven't
heard much since that.
5.9 Boca Research
Yes, they make more than just multi-port serial cards. :-)
Boca BEN (ISA, VLB, PCI)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: lance, pcnet32
These cards are based on AMD's PCnet chips.
Perspective buyers should be warned that many users have had
endless problems with these VLB/PCI cards. Owners of fast Pentium
systems have been especially hit. Note that this is not a driver
problem, as it hits DOS/Win/NT users as well.
Boca's technical support number is (407) 241-8088, and you
can also reach them at 75300.2672@compuserve.com.
The older ISA cards don't appear to suffer the same problems.
Donald did a comparitive test with a Boca PCI card and
a similar Allied Telsyn PCnet/PCI implementation, which showed
that the problem lies in Boca's implementation of the PCnet/PCI
chip. These test results can be accessed on Don's www server.
Linux at CESDIS
Boca is offering a `warranty repair' for
affected owners, which involves adding one of the missing
capacitors, but it appears that this fix doesn't work 100
percent for most people, although it helps some.
If you are still thinking of buying one of these cards, then
at least try and get a 7 day unconditional return policy,
so that if it doesn't work properly in your system, you
can return it.
More general information on the AMD chips can be found in
AMD LANCE.
More technical information on AMD LANCE based Ethernet cards
can be found in
Notes on AMD....
5.10 Cabletron
Donald writes:
`Yes, another one of these companies that won't release its
programming information. They waited for months before actually
confirming that all their information was proprietary, deliberately
wasting my time. Avoid their cards like the plague if you can.
Also note that some people have phoned Cabletron, and have been
told things like `a D. Becker is working on a driver
for linux' -- making it sound like I work for them. This is
NOT the case.'
Apparently Cabletron has changed their policy with respect to
programming information (like Xircom) since Donald made the above
comment several years ago -- send e-mail to support@ctron.com
if you want to verify this or ask for programming information.
However, at this point in time, there is little demand for
modified/updated drivers for the older E20xx and E21xx cards.
E10**, E10**-x, E20**, E20**-x
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: ne (+8390)
These are NEx000 almost-clones that are reported to
work with the standard NEx000 drivers, thanks to a
ctron-specific check during the probe. If there are
any problems, they are unlikely to be fixed, as the
programming information is unavailable.
E2100
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: e2100 (+8390)
Again, there is not much one can do when the
programming information is proprietary.
The E2100 is a poor design. Whenever it maps its
shared memory in during a packet transfer, it
maps it into the whole 128K region! That means you
can't safely use another interrupt-driven shared
memory device in that region, including another E2100.
It will work most of the time, but every once in
a while it will bite you. (Yes, this problem can
be avoided by turning off interrupts while
transferring packets, but that will almost certainly
lose clock ticks.) Also, if you mis-program the board,
or halt the machine at just the wrong moment, even
the reset button won't bring it back. You will have
to turn it off and leave it off for about 30 seconds.
Media selection is automatic, but you can override this
with the low bits of the dev->mem_end parameter.
See
PARAM_2. Module users
can specify an xcvr=N value as an option in
the /etc/conf.modules file.
Also, don't confuse the E2100 for a NE2100 clone.
The E2100 is a shared memory NatSemi DP8390 design,
roughly similar to a brain-damaged WD8013, whereas
the NE2100 (and NE1500) use a bus-mastering AMD
LANCE design.
There is an E2100 driver included in the standard kernel.
However, seeing as programming info isn't available,
don't expect bug-fixes. Don't use one
unless you are already stuck with the card.
If you intend on using this driver as a loadable module
you should probably see
Using the Ethernet Drivers as Modules
for module specific information.
E22**
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: lance
According to information in a Cabletron Tech Bulletin, these
cards use the standard AMD PC-Net chipset (see
AMD PC-Net) and should work with the generic lance
driver.
5.11 Cogent
Here is where and how to reach them:
Cogent Data Technologies, Inc.
175 West Street, P.O. Box 926
Friday Harbour, WA 98250, USA.
Cogent Sales
15375 S.E. 30th Place, Suite 310
Bellevue, WA 98007, USA.
Technical Support:
Phone (360) 378-2929 between 8am and 5pm PST
Fax (360) 378-2882
Compuserve GO COGENT
Bulletin Board Service (360) 378-5405
Internet: support@cogentdata.com
EM100-ISA/EISA
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: smc9194
These cards use the SMC 91c100 chip and may work with the
SMC 91c92 driver, but this has yet to be verified.
Cogent eMASTER+, EM100-PCI, EM400, EM960, EM964
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de4x5, tulip
These are yet another DEC 21040 implementation that should
hopefully work fine with the standard 21040 driver.
The EM400 and the EM964 are four port cards using a
DEC 21050 bridge and 4 21040 chips.
See
DEC 21040
for more information on these cards, and the present driver
situation.
5.12 Compaq
Compaq aren't really in the business of making ethernet
cards, but a lot of their systems have embedded ethernet
controllers on the motherboard.
Compaq Deskpro / Compaq XL (Embedded AMD Chip)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: pcnet32
Machines such as the XL series have an AMD 79c97x PCI chip
on the mainboard that can be used with the standard LANCE
driver. But before you can use it, you have to do some
trickery to get the PCI BIOS to a place where Linux can
see it. Frank Maas was kind enough to provide the
details:
`` The problem with this Compaq machine however is that the PCI
directory is loaded in high memory, at a spot where the Linux
kernel can't (won't) reach. Result: the card is never detected nor
is it usable (sideline: the mouse won't work either)
The workaround (as described thoroughly in
http://www-c724.uibk.ac.at/XL/)
is to load MS-DOS, launch a little driver Compaq wrote and then
load the Linux kernel using LOADLIN. Ok, I'll give you time to
say `yuck, yuck', but for now this is the only working solution
I know of. The little driver simply moves the PCI directory to
a place where it is normally stored (and where Linux can find it).''
More general information on the AMD chips can be found in
AMD LANCE.
Compaq Nettelligent/NetFlex (Embedded ThunderLAN Chip)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: tlan
These systems use a Texas Instruments ThunderLAN chip
Information on the ThunderLAN driver can be found in
ThunderLAN.
5.13 Danpex
Danpex EN9400
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de4x5, tulip
Yet another card based on the DEC 21040 chip, reported to
work fine, and at a relatively cheap price.
See
DEC 21040
for more information on these cards, and the present driver
situation.
5.14 D-Link
DE-100, DE-200, DE-220-T, DE-250
Status: Supported, Driver Name: ne (+8390)
Some of the early D-Link cards didn't have the 0x57
PROM signature, but the ne2000 driver knows about them.
For the software configurable cards, you can get the
config program from www.dlink.com.
The DE2** cards were the most
widely reported as having the spurious transfer address
mismatch errors with early versions of linux.
Note that there are also cards from
Digital (DEC) that are also named DE100 and DE200,
but the similarity stops there.
DE-520
Status: Supported, Driver Name: pcnet32
This is a PCI card using the PCI version of AMD's LANCE chip.
DMA selection and chip numbering information can be found in
AMD LANCE.
More technical information on AMD LANCE based Ethernet cards
can be found in
Notes on AMD....
DE-528
Status: Supported, Driver Name: ne, ne2k-pci (+8390)
Apparently D-Link have also started making PCI NE2000 clones.
DE-530
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de4x5, tulip
This is a generic DEC 21040 PCI chip implementation,
and is reported to work with the generic 21040 tulip driver.
See
DEC 21040
for more information on these cards, and the present driver
situation.
DE-600
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de600
Laptop users and other folk who might want a quick
way to put their computer onto the ethernet may want
to use this. The driver is included with the default
kernel source tree.
Bjorn Ekwall bj0rn@blox.se wrote the driver.
Expect about 180kb/s transfer speed from this via the
parallel port. You should read the README.DLINK
file in the kernel source tree.
Note that the device name that you pass to ifconfig
is now eth0 and not the previously
used dl0.
If your parallel port is not at the standard 0x378
then you will have to recompile. Bjorn writes:
``Since the DE-620 driver tries to sqeeze the last microsecond
from the loops, I made the irq and port address constants instead
of variables. This makes for a usable speed, but it also means
that you can't change these assignements from e.g. lilo;
you _have_ to recompile...'' Also note that some laptops
implement the on-board parallel port at 0x3bc which
is where the parallel ports on monochrome cards were/are.
DE-620
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de620
Same as the DE-600, only with two output formats.
Bjorn has written a driver for this model,
for kernel versions 1.1 and above. See the above information
on the DE-600.
DE-650
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: de650 (?)
Some people have been using this PCMCIA card for
some time now with their notebooks. It is a basic
8390 design, much like a NE2000. The LinkSys PCMCIA
card and the IC-Card Ethernet are supposedly DE-650 clones
as well. Note that at present, this driver is
not part of the standard kernel, and so you will
have to do some patching.
See
PCMCIA Support in this document,
and if you can, have a look at:
Don's PCMCIA Stuff
5.15 DFI
DFINET-300 and DFINET-400
Status: Supported, Driver Name: ne (+8390)
These cards are now detected (as of 0.99pl15) thanks to
Eberhard Moenkeberg emoenke@gwdg.de who noted that
they use `DFI' in the first 3 bytes of the prom, instead
of using 0x57 in bytes 14 and 15, which is what all the
NE1000 and NE2000 cards use. (The 300 is an 8 bit
pseudo NE1000 clone, and the 400 is a pseudo NE2000 clone.)
5.16 Digital / DEC
DEPCA, DE100/1, DE200/1/2, DE210, DE422
Status: Supported, Driver Name: depca
There is documentation included in the source file
`depca.c', which includes info on how to use more than
one of these cards in a machine. Note that the DE422 is
an EISA card. These cards are all based on the AMD LANCE chip.
See
AMD LANCE for more info.
A maximum of two of the ISA cards can be used, because they
can only be set for 0x300 and 0x200 base I/O address.
If you are intending to do this, please read the notes in
the driver source file depca.c in the standard kernel
source tree.
This driver will also work on Alpha CPU based machines, and
there are various ioctl()s that the user can play with.
Digital EtherWorks 3 (DE203, DE204, DE205)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: ewrk3
These cards use a proprietary
chip from DEC, as opposed to the LANCE chip used in the
earlier cards like the DE200. These cards support both shared
memory or programmed I/O, although you take about a 50%performance hit if you use PIO mode. The shared memory size can
be set to 2kB, 32kB or 64kB, but only 2 and 32 have been tested
with this driver. David says that the performance is virtually
identical between the 2kB and 32kB mode. There is more information
(including using the driver as a loadable module) at the top
of the driver file ewrk3.c and also in README.ewrk3.
Both of these files come with the standard kernel distribution.
This driver has Alpha CPU support like depca.c does.
The standard driver has a number
of interesting ioctl() calls that can be used to get or clear
packet statistics, read/write the EEPROM, change the
hardware address, and the like. Hackers can see the source
code for more info on that one.
David has also written a configuration utility for this
card (along the lines of the DOS program NICSETUP.EXE)
along with other tools. These can be found on
most Linux FTP sites in the directory
/pub/Linux/system/Network/management -- look for the
file ewrk3tools-X.XX.tar.gz.
DE425 EISA, DE434, DE435, DE500
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de4x5, tulip
These cards are based on the 21040 chip mentioned below.
The DE500 uses the 21140 chip to provide 10/100Mbs
ethernet connections.
Have a read of the 21040 section below for extra info.
There are also some compile-time options available for
non-DEC cards using this driver. Have a look at
README.de4x5 for details.
All the Digital cards will autoprobe for their media (except,
temporarily, the DE500 due to a patent issue).
This driver is also Alpha CPU ready and supports being loaded
as a module. Users can access the driver internals through
ioctl() calls - see the 'ewrk3' tools and the de4x5.c sources
for information about how to do this.
DEC 21040, 21041, 2114x, Tulip
Status: Supported, Driver Name: de4x5, tulip
The DEC 21040 is a bus-mastering single chip ethernet solution
from Digital, similar to AMD's PCnet chip. The 21040 is
specifically designed for the PCI bus architecture.
SMC's new EtherPower PCI card uses this chip.
You have a choice of two drivers for cards based on this
chip. There is the DE425 driver discussed above, and the
generic 21040 `tulip' driver.
Warning: Even though your card may be based upon this chip,
the drivers may not work for you. David C. Davies writes:
``There are no guarantees that either `tulip.c' OR `de4x5.c'
will run any DC2114x based card other than those they've been
written to support. WHY?? You ask. Because there is a register,
the General Purpose Register (CSR12) that (1) in the DC21140A is
programmable by each vendor and they all do it differently
(2) in the DC21142/3 this is now an SIA control register
(a la DC21041). The only small ray of hope is that we can decode the
SROM to help set up the driver. However, this is not a guaranteed
solution since some vendors (e.g. SMC 9332 card) don't follow the
Digital Semiconductor recommended SROM programming format."
In non-technical terms, this means that if you aren't sure that an
unknown card with a DC2114x chip will work with the linux driver(s),
then make sure you can return the card to the place of
purchase before you pay for it.
The updated 21041 chip is also found in place of the 21040
on most of the later SMC EtherPower cards.
The 21140 is for supporting 100Base-? and
works with the Linux drivers for the 21040 chip.
To use David's de4x5 driver with non-DEC cards, have a
look at README.de4x5 for details.
Donald has used SMC EtherPower-10/100 cards to develop
the `tulip' driver. Note that the driver that is
in the standard kernel tree at the moment is not the most
up to date version. If you are having trouble with this driver,
you should get the newest version from Donald's ftp/WWW
site.
Tulip Driver
The above URL also contains a (non-exhaustive) list of
various cards/vendors that use the 21040 chip.
Also note that the tulip driver is still considered an alpha
driver (see
Alpha Drivers) at the
moment, and should be treated as such. To use it, you
will have to edit arch/i386/config.in and
uncomment the line for CONFIG_DEC_ELCP support.
Donald has even set up a mailing list for tulip driver
support announcements, etc. To join it just type:
echo subscribe | /bin/mail
linux-tulip-request@cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov
5.17 Farallon
Farallon sells EtherWave adaptors and transceivers. This device
allows multiple 10baseT devices to be daisy-chained.
Farallon Etherwave
Status: Supported, Driver Name: 3c509
This is reported to be a 3c509 clone that includes the
EtherWave transceiver. People have used these successfully
with Linux and the present 3c509 driver. They are too expensive
for general use, but are a great option for special cases. Hublet
prices start at $125, and Etherwave
adds $75-$100 to the price of the board -- worth
it if you have pulled one wire too few, but not if you are two
network drops short.
5.18 Fujitsu
Unlike many network chip manufacturers, Fujitsu have also
made and sold some network cards based upon their chip.
Fujitsu FMV-181/182/183/184
Status: Supported, Driver Name: fmv18x
According to the driver, these cards are a straight forward
Fujitsu MB86965 implementation, which would make them
very similar to the Allied Telesis AT1700 cards.
5.19 Hewlett Packard
The 272** cards use programmed I/O, similar to the NE*000 boards,
but the data transfer port can be `turned off' when you aren't
accessing it, avoiding problems with autoprobing drivers.
Thanks to Glenn Talbott for helping clean up the confusion in this
section regarding the version numbers of the HP hardware.
27245A
Status: Supported, Driver Name: hp (+8390)
8 Bit 8390 based 10BaseT, not recommended for all the
8 bit reasons. It was re-designed a couple years
ago to be highly integrated which caused some
changes in initialization timing which only
affected testing programs, not LAN drivers. (The
new card is not `ready' as soon after switching
into and out of loopback mode.)
If you intend on using this driver as a loadable module
you should probably see
Using the Ethernet Drivers as Modules
for module specific information.
HP EtherTwist, PC Lan+ (27247, 27252A)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: hp+ (+8390)
The HP PC Lan+ is different to the standard HP PC Lan
card. This driver was added to the list of drivers in the standard
kernel during the v1.1.x development cycle. It can be
operated in either a PIO mode like a ne2000, or a shared
memory mode like a wd8013.
The 47B is a 16 Bit 8390 based 10BaseT w/AUI, and
the 52A is a 16 Bit 8390 based ThinLAN w/AUI.
These cards have 32K onboard RAM for Tx/Rx packet buffering
instead of the usual 16KB, and they both offer LAN
connector autosense.
If you intend on using this driver as a loadable module
you should probably see
Using the Ethernet Drivers as Modules
for module specific information.
HP-J2405A
Status: Supported, Driver Name: lance
These are lower priced, and slightly faster than the
27247/27252A, but are missing some features, such
as AUI, ThinLAN connectivity, and boot PROM socket.
This is a fairly generic LANCE design, but a minor
design decision makes it incompatible with a generic
`NE2100' driver. Special support for it (including
reading the DMA channel from the board) is included
thanks to information provided by HP's Glenn
Talbott.
More technical information on LANCE based cards can be found in
Notes on AMD...
HP-Vectra On Board Ethernet
Status: Supported, Driver Name: lance
The HP-Vectra has an AMD PCnet chip on the motherboard.
DMA selection and chip numbering information can be found in
AMD LANCE.
More technical information on LANCE based cards can be found in
Notes on AMD...
HP 10/100 VG Any Lan Cards (27248B, J2573, J2577, J2585, J970, J973)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: hp100
This driver also supports some of the Compex VG products.
Since the driver supports ISA, EISA and PCI cards, it
is found under ISA cards when running make config
on a kernel source.
HP NetServer 10/100TX PCI (D5013A)
Status: Supported, Driver Name: eepro100
Apparently these are just a rebadged Intel EtherExpress Pro
10/100B card. See the Intel section for more information.
5.20 IBM / International Business Machines
IBM Thinkpad 300
Status: Supported, Driver Name: znet
This is compatible with the Intel based Zenith Z-note.
See
Z-note for more info.
Supposedly this site has a comprehensive database of
useful stuff for newer versions of the Thinkpad. I haven't
checked it out myself yet.
Thinkpad-info
For those without a WWW browser handy, try
peipa.essex.ac.uk:/pub/tp750/
IBM Credit Card Adaptor for Ethernet
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: ? (distributed separately)
People have been using this PCMCIA card with Linux as well.
Similar points apply, those being that you need a supported
PCMCIA chipset on your notebook, and that you will have to
patch the PCMCIA support into the standard kernel.
See
PCMCIA Support in this document,
and if you can, have a look at:
Don's PCMCIA Stuff
IBM Token Ring
Status: Semi-Supported, Driver Name: ibmtr
To support token ring
requires more than only writing a device driver, it also requires
writing the source routing routines for token ring. It is the
source routing that would be the most time comsuming to write.
Peter De Schrijver has been spending some time on Token Ring
lately. and has worked with IBM ISA and
MCA token ring cards.
The present token ring code has been included into the first
of the 1.3.x series kernels.
Peter says that it was originally tested on an MCA 16/4 Megabit Token
Ring board, but it should work with other Tropic based boards.
5.21 ICL Ethernet Cards
ICL EtherTeam 16i/32
Status: Supported, Driver Name: eth16i
Mika Kuoppala (miku@pupu.elt.icl.fi) wrote this driver, and
it was included into early 1.3.4x kernels. It uses the
Fujitsu MB86965 chip that is also used on the at1700 cards.
5.22 Intel Ethernet Cards
Note that the naming of the various Intel cards is ambiguous
and confusing at best. If in doubt, then check the i8xxxx
number on the main chip on the card or for PCI cards, use the
PCI information in the /proc directory and then
compare that to the numbers listed here.
Ether Express
Status: Supported, Driver Name: eexpress
This card uses the intel i82586.
Earlier versions of this driver (in v1.2 kernels) were
classed as alpha-test, as it didn't work well for most people.
The driver in the v2.0 kernel seems to work much better
for those who have tried it, although the driver source still
lists it as experimental and more problematic on faster
machines.
The comments at the top of the
driver source list some of the problems (and fixes!) associated
with these cards. The slowdown hack of replacing all the outb
with outb_p in the driver has been reported to avoid lockups
for at least one user.
Ether Express PRO/10
Status: Supported, Driver Name: eepro
Bao Chau Ha has written a driver for these cards that has been
included into early 1.3.x kernels. It may also work with some of
the Compaq built-in ethernet systems that are based on the
i82595 chip.
Ether Express PRO/10 PCI (EISA)
St