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GentooX86 Handbook_Ko_4-4


1. ¹«¼± ³×Æ®¿öÅ·

1.1. ¼Ò°³

ÇöÀç ¿ì¸®´Â wireless-tools ³ª wpa_supplicant·Î ¹«¼±¼³Á¤À» Áö¿øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ±â¿ªÇØ¾ß ÇÒ Áß¿äÇÑÁ¡Àº ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º ±â¹ÝÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ Àü¿ª ±â¹ÝÀÇ ¹«¼± ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ À§ÇÑ ¼³Á¤À» ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù

wpa_supplicant°¡ ÃÖ»óÀÇ ¼±ÅÃÀÌÁö¸¸ ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¸ðµç µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ Áö¿øÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. Áö¿øµÇ´Â µå¶óÀ̹ö ¸ñ·ÏÀ» º¸·Á¸é [http]wpa_supplicant site¸¦ º¸½Ê½Ã¿À. ¶ÇÇÑ wpa_supplicant´Â ÇöÀç µ¶ÀÚ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ SSID·Î¸¸ ¿¬°áÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

wireless-tools´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¸ðµç Ä«µå¿Í µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ Áö¿øÇÏÁö¸¸ WPA·Î ¿¬·ÂÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ°í ¿ÀÁ÷ ¾×¼¼½º Æ÷ÀÎÆ®¿¡¸¸ ¿¬°áÇÒ ¼ö ÀÕ½À´Ï´Ù.

#red °æ°í!! °æ°í!! : linux-wlan-ng µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â ÇöÀç baselayout¿¡¼­ Áö¿øÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÌÀ¯´Â linux-wlan-ng ÀÌ ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµç °Í°ú´Â ´Þ¸® ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ´Ù¸¥ ȯ°æ¼³Á¤°ú ÀÚüÀûÀÎ ¼³Á¤¼ö´ÜÀÌ µé¾îÀֱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù. linux-wlan-ng°³¹ßÀÚµéÀÌ wireless-tools·Î ¼³Á¤ ¼ö´ÜÀ» ÀüȯÇÑ´Ù´Â ¼Ò¹®ÀÌ Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ Çö½ÇÈ­µÇ¸é baselayout°ú ÇÔ²² linux-wlan-ng¸¦ ¾²°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

1.2. WPA ¿äû

[http]WPA ¿äûÀº WPA°¡ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¾×¼¼½º Æ÷ÀÎÆ®·Î ¿¬°áµÉ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌÀÇ ¼³Á¤µµ±¸´Â ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¾ÆÁ÷ º£Å¸´Ü°èÀθ¸Å­ »ó´çÈ÷ À¯µ¿ÀûÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °ÍµéÀÌ Àß µ¿ÀÛÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

¿¹Á¦ 2-1 : wpa_supplicant ¼³Ä¡
# emerge net-wireless/wpa_supplicant

Áß¿ä : wpa_supplicant¸¦ µ¿ÀÛÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ·Á¸é Ä¿³Î¿¡¼­ CONFIG_PACKET¸¦ »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÄÉ ¼³Á¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

ÀÌÁ¦ /etc/conf.d/net ¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÏ°í, ±×·¡¼­ wireless-tools¸¦ ÅëÇØ wpa_supplicant¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô²û ÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù (¸¸¾à µÑ´Ù ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾ú´Ù¸é wireless-tools ´Â ±âº»À¸·Î ¼³Á¤µË´Ï´Ù).

¿¹Á¦ 2-2 : wpa_supplicant¸¦ À§ÇÑ /etc/conf.d/net ȯ°æ¼³Á¤
# Prefer wpa_supplicant over wireless-tools
modules=( "wpa_supplicant" )

# It's important that we tell wpa_supplicant which driver we should
# be using as it's not very good at guessing yet
wpa_supplicant_eth0="-Dmadwifi"

À¯ÀÇ»çÇ× : host-apµå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é wpa_supplicant¿Í Á¦´ë·Î »ç¿ëµÇ°Ô Çϱâ ÀÌÀü¿¡ Ä«µå¸¦ °ü¸®¸ðµå·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. /etc/conf.d/net¿¡ iwconfig_eth0="mode managed"¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ¼Ò±âÀÇ ¸ñÀûÀ» ´Þ¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

Èì... °£´ÜÇß½À´Ï´Ù. ¾È±×·±°¡¿ä? ±×·¯³ª ¿ì¸®´Â ¾ÆÁ÷, ¿¬°áÇÏ·Á ÇÏ´Â ¾×¼¼½º Æ÷ÀÎÆ®°¡ ¾ó¸¶³ª ¾ÈÀüÇÑÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÇÁ¸ÀûÀÎ, ¾à°£ ´õ ½ÅÁßÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â wpa_supplicantÀÚü¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â ÀÏÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ·¡ ¿¹Á¦´Â wpa_supplicant¿Í µþ·Á¿À´Â /usr/share/doc/wpa_supplicant-<version>/wpa_supplicant.conf.gz·ÎºÎÅÍ ÃëÇÏ¿© ´Ü¼øÈ­ ÇÑ ¿¹Á¦ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

¿¹Á¦ 2-3 : /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf ¿¹Á¦
# The below line not be changed otherwise we refuse to work
ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant

# Ensure that only root can read the WPA configuration
ctrl_interface_group=0

# Let wpa_supplicant take care of scanning and AP selection
ap_scan=1

# Simple case: WPA-PSK, PSK as an ASCII passphrase, allow all valid ciphers
network={
  ssid="simple"
  psk="very secret passphrase"
  # The higher the priority the sooner we are matched
  priority=5
}

# Same as previous, but request SSID-specific scanning (for APs that reject
# broadcast SSID)
network={
  ssid="second ssid"
  scan_ssid=1
  psk="very secret passphrase"
  priority=2
}

# Only WPA-PSK is used. Any valid cipher combination is accepted
network={
  ssid="example"
  proto=WPA
  key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
  pairwise=CCMP TKIP
  group=CCMP TKIP WEP104 WEP40
  psk=06b4be19da289f475aa46a33cb793029d4ab3db7a23ee92382eb0106c72ac7bb
  priority=2
}

# Plaintext connection (no WPA, no IEEE 802.1X)
network={
  ssid="plaintext-test"
  key_mgmt=NONE
}

# Shared WEP key connection (no WPA, no IEEE 802.1X)
network={
  ssid="static-wep-test"
  key_mgmt=NONE
  wep_key0="abcde"
  wep_key1=0102030405
  wep_key2="1234567890123"
  wep_tx_keyidx=0
  priority=5
}

# Shared WEP key connection (no WPA, no IEEE 802.1X) using Shared Key
# IEEE 802.11 authentication
network={
  ssid="static-wep-test2"
  key_mgmt=NONE
  wep_key0="abcde"
  wep_key1=0102030405
  wep_key2="1234567890123"
  wep_tx_keyidx=0
  priority=5
  auth_alg=SHARED
}

# IBSS/ad-hoc network with WPA-None/TKIP
network={
  ssid="test adhoc"
  mode=1
  proto=WPA
  key_mgmt=WPA-NONE
  pairwise=NONE
  group=TKIP
  psk="secret passphrase"
}

1.3. ¹«¼± µµ±¸

1.3.1. ÃʱâÈ­ ¼³Á¤°ú °ü¸®¸ðµå

[http]¹«¼± µµ±¸ ´Â ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ¹«¼± ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¸¦ WEPº¸¾È ·¹º§¿¡¼­ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¹æ¹ýÀ» Á¦°øÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ¶§¶§·Î WEPÀº °¡Àå À¯ÇàÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ¾àÇÑ º¸¾È¼ö´ÜÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

¹«¼± µµ±¸ ȯ°æ¼³Á¤Àº ¾à°£ÀÇ ÁÖ¿ä º¯¼ö¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¦¾îµË´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ ¿¹Á¦ ȯ°æ¼³Á¤ ÆÄÀÏÀº µ¶ÀÚ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÇÊ¿ä·Î ÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç °Í¿¡ ´ëÇØ ±â¼úµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ»°ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¸¶À½¼Ó¿¡ Áö´Ï°í ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÒ Á¡Àº ¾î¶² ȯ°æ¼³Á¤»çÇ×µµ "°­ÇÏ°Ô ºñ¾ÏȣȭµÈ ¾×¼¼½º Æ÷ÀÎÆ®¿¡ ¿¬°á" ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏÁø ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù. ¿ì¸° Ç×»ó ½ÃµµÇغ¼ °ÍÀÌ°í ±× ¾î¶² ¾×¼¼½ºÆ÷ÀÎÆ®¿¡ ¿¬°áÇÏ°Ô µÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

¿¹Á¦ 3-1 : wireless-tools ¼³Ä¡
# emerge net-wireless/wireless-tools

À¯ÀÇ»çÇ× : ºñ·Ï /etc/conf.d/wireless¿¡ ¹«¼± ¼³Á¤À» ÁöÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸ ÀÌ ¾È³»¹®¿¡¼­´Â /etc/conf.d/net¿¡ ¼³Á¤À» ÁöÁ¤Çϵµ·Ï ±ÇÀåÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

Áß¿ä : [http]º¯¼ö À̸§ ¹®¼­¸¦ Âü°íÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

¿¹Á¦ 3-2 : /etc/conf.d/net¿¡¼­ iwconfig ¼³Á¤
# Prefer iwconfig over wpa_supplicant
modules=( "iwconfig" )

# Configure WEP keys for Access Points called ESSID1 and ESSID2
# You may configure up to 4 WEP keys, but only 1 can be active at
# any time so we supply a default index of [1] to set key [1] and then
# again afterwards to change the active key to [1]
# We do this incase you define other ESSID's to use WEP keys other than 1
#
# Prefixing the key with s: means it's an ASCII key, otherwise a HEX key
#
# enc open specified open security (most secure)
# enc restricted specified restricted security (least secure)
key_ESSID1="[1] s:yourkeyhere key [1] enc open"
key_ESSID2="[1] aaaa-bbbb-cccc-dd key [1] enc restricted"

# The below only work when we scan for available Access Points

# Sometimes more than one Access Point is visible so we need to
# define a preferred order to connect in
preferred_aps=( "ESSID1" "ESSID2" )

1.3.2. ¾×¼¼½º Æ÷ÀÎÆ® ¼±ÅÃÀ» Àß Á¶Á¤Çϱâ

¾à°£ÀÇ Æ¯º°ÇÑ ¼±ÅûçÇ׿ä¼Ò¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÏ¿© ¾×¼¼½º Æ÷ÀÎÆ® ¼³Á¤¾Ë Àß Á¶Á¤ÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ°ÍÀÌÁö¸¸ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â »çÇ×Àº ¾Æ´Õ´Ï´Ù.

ÁöÁ¤µÈ ¾×¼¼½ºÆ÷ÀÎÆ®·Î¸¸ ¿¬°áÇÒ°ÍÀÎÁö ¾Æ´ÑÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© µ¶ÀÚ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀº °áÁ¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀÌ ½ÇÆÐÇß°í ºñ¾ÏȣȭµÈ ¾×¼¼½º Æ÷ÀÎÆ®¿¡ ¿¬°áÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é ¿ì¸° ±×·¸°Ô ÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ´Â associate_order º¯¼ö¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¦¾îµÉ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ¿©±â °ªµé°ú À̰͵éÀÌ ¾î¶»°Ô Á¦¾î¸¦ ÇÏ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç¥°¡ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

Value Description
any Default behaviour
preferredonly We will only connect to visible APs in the preferred list
forcepreferred We will forceably connect to APs in the preferred order if they are not found in a scan
forcepreferredonly Do not scan for APs - instead just try to connect to each one in order
forceany Same as forcepreferred + connect to any other available AP

¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ¿ì¸° blacklist_aps¿Í unique_ap ¼±ÅÃÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. blacklist_aps´Â preferred_aps¿Í À¯»çÇÑ µ¿ÀÛÀ» ÇÕ´Ï´Ù. unique_ap´Â yes¾Æ´Ô no°ªÀ» °®´Âµ¥ ÀÌ´Â µÎ¹ø° ¹«¼± ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º°¡ ù¹ø° ÀÎÅÍÆäÀ̽º¿Í °°Àº ¾×¼¼½º Æ÷ÀÎÆ®¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´À³Ä ¾Æ´Ï³Ä¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÕ´Ï´Ù.

¿¹Á¦ 3-3 : blacklist_ops ¿Í unique_ap ¿¹Á¦
# Sometimes you never want to connect to certain access points
blacklist_aps=( "ESSID3" "ESSID4" )

# If you have more than one wireless card, you can say if you want
# to allow each card to associate with the same Access Point or not
# Values are "yes" and "no"
# Default is "yes"
unique_ap="yes"

1.3.3. Ad-Hoc °ú ¸¶½ºÅÍ ¸ðµå

¾î¶² ¾×¼¼½ºÆ÷ÀÎÆ®¿¡ °ü¸®¸ðµå·Î Á¢¼ÓÇϴµ¥ ½ÇÆÐÇßÀ»¶§ Ad-Hoc³ëµå¿Í °°ÀÌ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ·Á ÇÑ´Ù¸é ±×·¸°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

¿¹Á¦ 4-1 : Ad-Hoc ¸ðµå·ÎÀÇ Æú¹é
adhoc_essid_eth0="This Adhoc Node"

Ad-Hoc³×Æ®¿÷À¸·ÎÀÇ ¿¬°áÀ̳ª ¸¶½ºÅÍ ¸ðµå·ÎÀÇ ½ÇÇàÀ¸·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý ¾×¼¼½ºÆ÷ÀÎÆ®°¡ µÇ°Ô ÇÏ´Â°Ç ¹»±î¿ä? ¿©±â¿¡ ¹Ù·Î ±×°É µ¿ÀÛÇÏ°Ô Çϱâ À§ÇÑ È¯°æ¼³Á¤ ³»¿ëÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. À§¿¡¼­ º»¹Ù¿Í °°ÀÌ WEPÅ°¸¦ Á¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

¿¹Á¦ 4-2 : Ad-Hoc/Master ȯ°æ¼³Á¤ °ßº»
# Set the mode - can be managed (default), ad-hoc or master
# Not all drivers support all modes
mode_eth0="ad-hoc"

# Set the ESSID of the interface
# In managed mode, this forces the interface to try and connect to the
# specified ESSID and nothing else
essid_eth0="This Adhoc Node"

# We use channel 3 if you don't specify one
channel_eth0="9"

Áß¿ä : ¾Æ·¡´Â [http]NetBSD ¹®¼­¿¡¼­ ã¾Æ³½ BSD ¿þÀ̺귣 ¹®¼­·ÎºÎÅÍ Ãà¾à ¹ßÃéÇÑ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. 14ä³ÎÀÌ °¡´ÉÇѵ¥ ¿ì¸®´Â 1-11ä³ÎµéÀº ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿¡¼­ 1-13ä³ÎµéÀº ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ À¯·´Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ 10-13ä³ÎÀº ÇÁ¶û½º, 14¹ø ä³ÎÀº ÀϺ»¿¡¼­¸¸ »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°Ô Àǽɽº·´´Ù¸é ¹«¼±·£Ä«µå³ª ¾×¼¼½º Æ÷ÀÎÆ®¿Í °°ÀÌ µþ·Á³ª¿À´Â ¹®¼­¸¦ Âü°íÇØÁֽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù. ¼±ÅÃÇÑ Ã¤³ÎÀÌ ¾×¼¼½º Æ÷ÀÎÆ®¿¡¼­ Á¤ÇÑ Ã¤³Î(ȤÀº ad-hoc³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡¼­ ´Ù¸¥ Ä«µåµµ)°ú °°ÀºÁö È®ÀÎÇغ¸½Ê½Ã¿À. ºÏ¾Æ¸Þ¸®Ä«¿Í ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ À¯·´Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ ÆǸŵǰí ÀÖ´Â Ä«µåÀÇ ±âº»Ã¤³ÎÀº 3¹øÀÌ°í, ÇÁ¶û½º¿¡¼­´Â 11, ÀϺ»¿¡¼­´Â 14¹øÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

1.3.4. ¹«¼± µµ±¸ ¹®Á¦ÇØ°á

¹«¼± ȯ°æÀ» µ¿ÀÛÇϵµ·Ï, ±×¸®°í µå¶óÀ̹ö³ª ȯ°æ»óÀÇ ½ÇÇà ¹®Á¦¸¦ µ½±â À§ÇØ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¾à°£ÀÇ ¸¹Àº º¯¼öµéÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. µ¶ÀÚ¿©·¯ºÐµéÀÌ ´Ù·ç¾îº¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °Í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ç¥°¡ ¿©±â ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.

Variable Default Value Description
iwconfig_eth0 See the iwconfig man page for details on what to send iwconfig
iwpriv_eth0 See the iwpriv man page for details on what to send iwpriv
sleep_scan_eth0 0 The number of seconds to sleep before attempting to scan. This is needed when the driver/firmware needs more time to active before it can be used.
sleep_associate_eth0 5 The number of seconds to wait for the interface to associate with the Access Point before moving onto the next one
associate_test_eth0 MAC Some drivers do not reset the MAC address associated with an invalid one when they lose or attempt association. Some drivers do not reset the quality level when they lose or attempt association. Valid settings are MAC, quality and all.
scan_mode_eth0 Some drivers have to scan in ad-hoc mode, so if scanning fails try setting ad-hoc here
iwpriv_scan_pre_eth0 Sends some iwpriv commands to the interface before scanning. See the iwpriv man page for more details.
iwpriv_scan_post_eth0 Sends some iwpriv commands to the interface after scanning. See the iwpriv man page for more details.

1.4. ESSIDº° ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ȯ°æ ¼³Á¤ Á¤ÀÇ

¶§·Î´Â ESSID1¿¡ ¿¬°áÇÒ¶§´Â °íÁ¤ IP°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°í ESSID2¿¡ ¿¬°áÇÒ¶§´Â DHCP°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. »ç½Ç ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ¸ðµâ º¯¼ö´Â ESSIDº°·Î Á¤ÀÇµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ¿©±â ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô ÇÏ¸é µÇ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿© Àû¾îº¸¾Ò½À´Ï´Ù.

À¯ÀÇ»çÇ× : WPA Supplicant À̳ª Wireless ToolsÀ» »ç¿ëÁßÀ̶ó¸é µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´Â °ÍµéÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

Áß¿ä : [http]º¯¼ö À̸§ ¹®¼­¸¦ Âü°íÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.

¿¹Á¦ 4-1 : ESSIDº°·Î ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¼³Á¤ µ¤¾î¾²±â
config_ESSID1=( "192.168.0.3/24 brd 192.168.0.255" )
routes_ESSID1=( "default via 192.168.0.1" )

config_ESSID2=( "dhcp" )
fallback_ESSID2=( "192.168.3.4/24" )
fallback_route_ESSID2=( "default via 192.168.3.1" )

# We can define nameservers and other things too
# NOTE: DHCP will override these unless it's told not too
dns_servers_ESSID1=( "192.168.0.1" "192.168.0.2" )
dns_domain_ESSID1="some.domain"
dns_search_domains_ESSID1="search.this.domain search.that.domain"

# You override by the MAC address of the Access Point
# This handy if you goto different locations that have the same ESSID
config_001122334455=( "dhcp" )
dhcpcd_001122334455="-t 10"
dns_servers_001122334455=( "192.168.0.1" "192.168.0.2" )




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