· KLDP.org · KLDP.net · KLDP Wiki · KLDP BBS ·
Linuxdoc Sgml/Kerneld

KERNELD MINI-HOWTO

KERNELD MINI-HOWTO

Version 1.7, last updated: July 19, 1997 by Henrik Storner ( storner@osiris.ping.dk) ¹ø¿ª: 1998³â 10¿ù 3ÀÏ, Á¤À翵( cychong@metro.telecom.samsung.co.kr)
ÀÌ ¹®¼­ÀÇ °¡Àå ÃÖ±Ù ¹öÀüÀº http://eolicom.olicom.dk/ storner /kerneld-mini-HOWTO.html ¿¡¼­ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. http://eolicom.olicom.dk/ storner/kern.html¸¦ ÂüÁ¶ÇÏ¸é ¿©·¯°¡Áö mini-HOWTO »çÀÌÀÇ º¯°æµÈ ³»¿ëÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ¹ß°ßÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Credits ¸¸ÀÏ ÀÌ ¹®¼­¿¡¼­ Ʋ¸° Á¡À» ¹ß°ßÇÏ¸é ³ª¿¡°Ô ¾Ë·ÁÁÖ±æ ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ÀÌ mini-HOWTO¿¡ ±â°íÇÑ »ç¶÷µéÀÌ´Ù. * Bjorn Ekwall < bj0rn@blox.se> * Ben Galliart < bgallia@luc.edu> * Cedric Tefft < cedric@earthling.net> * Brian Miller < bmiller@netspace.net.au> * James C. Tsiao < jtsiao@madoka.jpl.nasa.gov> ÀÌ mini-HOWTO¸¦ ÀÐÀº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ º¸³»ÁÖ´Â °Ý·Á¿Í Á¦¾È¿¡ ¸Å¿ì °¨»çÇÑ´Ù.

1. kerneld ¶õ ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡??

kerneld´Â Ejorn Ekwall¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Ä¿³Î °³¹ß ¹öÀü 1.3¿¡¼­ ¼Ò°³µÈ ±â´ÉÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº 2.0°ú 2.1´ëÀÇ Ä¿³Î¿¡ ¸ðµÎ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ kerneld´Â Ä¿³ÎÀÇ "¸ðµâ" - ´Ù½Ã ¸»ÇÏ¸é µð¹ÙÀ̽º µå¶óÀ̹ö, ³×Æ®¿öÅ© µå¶óÀ̹ö, ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛ µîµî - À» »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ Á÷Á¢ modprobe³ª insmod¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í, »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ÇØ´ç ¸ðµâÀ» ¿¢¼¼½ºÇÒ ¶§ ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ·ÎµåµÉ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ¾ÆÁ÷ Ç¥ÁØ Ä¿³Î°ú ÅëÇÕµÇÁö´Â ¾Ê¾ÒÁö¸¸ ¸î °¡Áö ³î¶ó¿î ±â´ÉµéÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù.

  • ±âº» ½ºÅ©¸° ºê·©Ä¿ ´ë½Å »ç¿ëÀÚ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» µ¿ÀÛ½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ¾î, ´Ù¸¥ ½ºÅ©¸° ¼¼À̹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
  • ½ºÅ©¸° ºí·©Ä¿ Áö¿ø°ú À¯»çÇÏ°Ô Ç¥ÁØ ÄܼÖÀÇ º§ ¼Ò¸®¸¦ ÀüÇô ´Ù¸¥ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ü ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. kerneld´Â µÎ °³ÀÇ µ¶¸³µÈ ¿£Æ¼Æ¼·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ´Ù.
  • ¸®´ª½º Ä¿³ÎÀÌ ¾î¶² ÀÛ¾÷¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ µ¥¸ó¿¡°Ô ½ÅÈ£(request)¸¦ º¸³¾ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.
  • Ä¿³Î·ÎºÎÅÍÀÇ ½ÅÈ£¸¦ ¸¸Á·½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇØ ¾î¶² ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µéÀÌ ·ÎµåµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö ¾Ë¾Æ³»´Â »ç¿ëÀÚ ¼öÁØÀÇ µ¥¸ó.
ÀÌ µÎ°³ ºÎºÐÀÌ ¸ðµÎ kerneld°¡ µ¿ÀÛÇϴµ¥ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ±â´ÉµéÀÌ´Ù. Áï ÀÌ Áß ¾î´À Çϳª°¡ Á¦´ë·Î ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ¾ÊÀ¸¸é µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.

2. ¿Ö kerneld ¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ±æ ¿øÇϴ°¡?

kerneld¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϴµ¥´Â ¸î °¡Áö ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©±â¼­ ¾ð±ÞÇÏ´Â °ÍµéÀº ³ªÀÇ °æ¿ì¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ »ç¶÷µéÀº ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ÀÌÀ¯¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

  • ¸¸ÀÏ Á¶±Ý¾¿ ´Ù¸¥ »ç¾çÀ» °®´Â ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ µ¿ÀÛÇÒ Ä¿³ÎÀ» ¸¸µé¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù¸é - ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é ´Ù¸¥ Á¾·ùÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Ä«µå - »ç¿ëÀÚ´Â ¸Å ½Ã½ºÅÛ¸¶´Ù ´Ù¸¥ Ä¿³ÎÀ» ¸¸µé ÇÊ¿ä¾øÀÌ ÇϳªÀÇ Ä¿³ÎÀ» ¸¸µé°í ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ¸ðµâÀ» ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
  • ¸ðµâÀº °³¹ßÀÚµéÀÌ Á» ´õ ½±°Ô Å×½ºÆ®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. °³¹ßÀڴ ƯÁ¤ µå¶óÀ̹ö ¸¦ ·ÎµåÇϰųª ¾ð·ÎµåÇϱâ À§ÇØ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ¸®ºÎÆ®ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù.(ÀÌ°ÍÀº ´Ü¼øÈ÷ kerneld¿¡¼­ ·ÎµåµÈ °Í »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¸ðµç ¸ðµâ¿¡ Àû¿ëµÈ´Ù)
  • kerneld´Â Ä¿³ÎÀÇ ¸Þ¸ð¸® »ç¿ë·®À» ÁÙ¿©ÁØ´Ù. Áï ´Ù¸¥ ¾îÇø®ÄÉÀ̼ÇÀ» µ¹¸®´Âµ¥ Á» ´õ ¸¹Àº ¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Ä¿³ÎÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¸Þ¸ð¸®´Â
  • Àý´ë·Î* ½º¿û ¾Æ¿ô(Swap Out, ¿ªÀÚ ÁÖ: »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô µ¹·ÁÁشٴ ÀǹÌ)µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¸¸ÀÏ Ä¿³ÎÀ» ÄÄÆÄÀÏ ÇÒ ¶§ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â µå¶óÀ̹ö¿¡°Ô 100kbÀÇ ¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ ÇÒ´çÇß´Ù¸é ÀÌ°ÍÀº ´ÜÁö RAMÀ» ³¶ºñÇÑ ¼ÀÀÌ´Ù.
  • ³»°¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¾î¶² °ÍµéÀº - ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é ftape Ç÷ÎÇÇ Å×ÀÌÇÁ µå¶óÀ̹ö³ª iBCS - ¿ÀÁ÷ ¸ðµâÀÇ ÇüÅ·θ¸ ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ³ª´Â ¸Å¹ø ÀÌ ¸ðµâ ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù ·ÎµùÇÏ´Â ¹ø°Å·Î¿òÀ» °Þ°í ½ÍÁö ¾Ê´Ù.
  • ¸®´ª½º ¹èÆ÷º»À» ¸¸µå´Â »ç¶÷µéÀº 284°¡ÁöÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ºÎÆ® À̹ÌÁö¸¦ ¸¸µé°í ½Í¾îÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ´ë½Å »ç¿ëÀÚ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ °¡Áø Çϵå¿þ¾î¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ·ÎµåÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀνºÅç ¹æ¹ýÀº ·¹µåÇÞ 4.0¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
¹°·Ð »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±â´ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ½ÍÀº ¾ÊÀº ÀÌÀ¯µµ ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ¸ðµç µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ ÇϳªÀÇ Ä¿³Î À̹ÌÁö°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ Áöµµ ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ÀÌ·± °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ÀÌ ¹®¼­¸¦ Àд °ÍÀº ½Ã°£ ³¶ºñÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

3. ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍµéÀº ¾î¶»°Ô ±¸Çϴ°¡?

Ä¿³Î¿¡¼­ÀÇ kerneld Áö¿øÀº ¸®´ª½º Ä¿³Î 1.3.57¿¡¼­ µµÀԵǾú´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ À̰ͺ¸´Ù ÀÌÀü ¹öÀüÀÇ ¸®´ª½º Ä¿³ÎÀ» °¡Áö°í Àִµ¥ kerneld¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¸é Ä¿³ÎÀÇ ¹öÀüÀ» ³ô¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¸ðµç ¸®´ª½º »çÀÌÆ®µéÀº Ä¿³Î ¼Ò½º¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ´Ù - °¡´ÉÇÏ¸é °¡Àå ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ ¾ÈÁ¤ ¹öÀüÀÎ 2.0À¸·Î ¾÷±×·¹À̵å ÇÏ±æ ±ÇÇÑ´Ù.

sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/v2.0/linux-2.0.29.tar.gz

tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/sources/system/v2.0/linux-2.0.29.tar.gz

funet.fi/pub/Linux/PEOPLE/Linus/v2.0/linux-2.0.29.tar.gz

»ç¿ëÀÚ ¼öÁØÀÇ µ¥¸óÀº modules-1.2.8 °ú »õ·Î¿î modules-2.0 ÆÐÅ°Áö¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔ µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°Íµé ¿ª½Ã Ä¿³Î ¼Ò½º¿Í °°Àº Àå¼Ò¿¡¼­ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸ ¾Æ·¡°¡ °ø½ÄÀûÀÎ Àå¼ÒÀÌ´Ù.

sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/kernel/v2.0/modules-2.0.0.tar.gz

tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/sources/sbin/modules-2.0.0.tar.gz

funet.fi/pub/Linux/tools/modules-2.0.0.tar.gz

ÁÖÀÇ: ¸¸ÀÏ »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ 2.1 °³¹ßÀÚ ¹öÀü¿¡¼­ ¸ðµâ ·Îµå ±â´ÉÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ°í ½ÍÀ¸¸é ÃÖ±ÙÀÇ modutils-(modules- ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó) ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¾Æ·¡¿¡ ÀÖ´Â 2.1´ëÀÇ Ä¿³Î°ú ¸ðµâÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹®Á¦Á¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ È®ÀÎÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

4. ¼³Á¤Àº ¾î¶»°Ô Çϴ°¡?

¸ÕÀú ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍµéÀ» ±¸ÇÑ´Ù: Àû´çÇÑ ¹öÀüÀÇ Ä¿³Î°ú ÃֽŠ¹öÀüÀÇ modules-utilities. ±×¸®°í modules-utilities¸¦ ÀνºÅçÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÛ¾÷Àº ¸Å¿ì °£´ÜÇÏ´Ù. ¼Ò½º¸¦ Ǭ ´ÙÀ½ make installÀ» ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº genksysm, insmod, lsmod, modprobe, depmod, kerneld µéÀ» ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÏ¿© /sbin¿¡ ÀνºÅçÇÑ´Ù. ±×¸®°í »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ¸®´ª½º¸¦ ºÎÆÃÇÒ¶§ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÀÛ¾÷À» ÀÌ·ç¾îÁöµµ·Ï ½ºÅ¸Æ®¾÷ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ» Ãß°¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ³»¿ëÀ» /etc/rc.d/rc.SÆÄÀÏ (½½·¢¿þ¾îÀÇ °æ¿ì) À̳ª /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit (µ¥ºñ¾È, ·¹µåÇÞ, Ä®µ¥¶ó¿Í °°Àº SysVinit¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì)¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù.

        # Start kerneld - this should happen very early in the
        # boot process, certainly BEFORE you run fsck on filesystems
        # that might need to have disk drivers autoloaded
        if [ -x /sbin/kerneld ]
        then
                /sbin/kerneld
        fi
        # Your standard fsck commands go here
        # And you mount command to mount the root fs read-write
        # Update kernel-module dependencies file
        # Your root-fs MUST be mounted read-write by now
        if [ -x /sbin/depmod ]
        then
                /sbin/depmod -a
        fi
ù¹ø° ºÎºÐÀº kerneld ÀÚ½ÅÀ» ½ÇÇà½ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. µÎ¹ø° ºÎºÐÀº ½ÃÀÛÇÒ¶§ 'depmod -a'¸¦ È£ÃâÇÑ´Ù. depmod ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº »ç¿ë °¡´ÉÇÑ ¸ðµç ¸ðµâÀÇ ¸®½ºÆ®¸¦ ¸¸µé°í ±×°Íµé °£ÀÇ ÀÇÁ¸¼ºÀ» ºÐ¼®ÇÏ¿© ÇÑ ¸ðµâÀÌ ·ÎµåµÇ±â Àü¿¡ ¾î¶² ¸ðµâÀÌ ·ÎµåµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö ¾Ë°Ô ÇØÁØ´Ù.

ÁÖÀÇ : ÃÖ±Ù ¹öÀüÀÇ kerneld´Â GNU dbm ¶óÀ̺귯¸®, libgdbm°ú ¸µÅ©ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¿É¼ÇÀ¸·Î °®´Â´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ module-utilites¸¦ ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÒ¶§ ÀÌ ±â´ÉÀ» È°¼ºÈ­½ÃŲ °æ¿ì libgdbmÀÌ ¾øÀ¸¸é kerneld´Â µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é /usr°¡ ´Ù¸¥ ÆÄƼ¼Ç ¿¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ°í /usrÀÌ ¸¶¿îÆ®µÇ±â Àü¿¡ kerneld°¡ µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´Â °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·± °æ¿ì /usr/libÀÇ libgdbmÀ» /lib·Î ¿Å±â°Å³ª kerneld¸¦ Á¤ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸µÅ©ÇÒ °ÍÀ» ±ÇÀåÇÑ´Ù.

´ÙÀ½, Ä¿³Î ¼Ò½º¸¦ Ç®°í configure¸¦ ÇÏ°í Ä¿³ÎÀ» ¸¸µç´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °úÁ¤À» ÀÌÀü¿¡ ÇÑ ÀûÀÌ ¾ø´Ù¸é Linux Ä¿³Î ¼Ò½ºÀÇ ·çÆ® µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ÀÖ´Â README¸¦ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀоîºÁ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. make config¸¦ ÇÒ ¶§´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº Áú¹®¿¡ ´ëÇØ °ü½ÉÀ» ±â¿ï¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

Enable loadable module support (CONFIG_MODULES) [Y/n/?] Y Loadable module support¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é kerneld°¡ ·ÎµåÇÒ ¸ðµâÀÌ ¾ø°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Yes¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

Kernel daemon support (CONFIG_KERNELD) [Y/n/?] Y ÀÌ°Í ¿ª½Ã ¹Ýµå½Ã ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦´Â Ä¿³Î¿¡¼­ ¸ðµâ·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ´Ù¾çÇÑ °ÍµéÀÌ Á¦½ÃµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é

Normal floppy disk support (CONFIG_BLK_DEV_FD) [M/n/y/?] ¿©±â¼­ MÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇϸé ÇØ´ç ±â´ÉÀÌ ¸ðµâ·Î ÄÄÆÄÀϵȴÙ. ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ºÎÆ®ÇÒ¶§ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ µð¹ÙÀ̽º - Çϵåµð½ºÅ© µå¶óÀ̹ö, ·çÆ® ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» À§ÇÑ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¸ Ä¿³Î¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ³ª¸ÓÁö´Â ¸ðµå ¸ðµâ·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

'make config'¸¦ ³¡³»¸é 'make dep', 'make clean', 'make zImage' ȤÀº 'make zlilo', 'make modules' ±×¸®°í 'make modules_install'¸¦ Â÷·Ê·Î ½ÇÇàÇÑ´Ù. 'make zImage'´Â »õ·Î¿î Ä¿³Î À̹ÌÁö¸¦ arch/i386/boot/zImage µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ µÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ºÎÆ® À̹ÌÁö¸¦ µÎ´Â °÷À̳ª LILO¿¡¼­ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Â °÷¿¡ º¹»ç ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.

Ä¿³ÎÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ°í ºôµåÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇØ Á» ´ú ¾Ë°í ½ÍÀ¸¸é comp.os.linux.answers¿¡ ÁÖ±âÀûÀ¸·Î Æ÷½ºÆ®µÇ°í sunsite.unc.eduÀÇ /pub/Linux/docs/HOWTOÀÇ Kernel-HOWTO¸¦ Âü°íÇÑ´Ù.


<bf/kerneld ½ÃÇèÇØ º¸±â/
   ÀÌÁ¦ »õ·Î¿î Ä¿³Î·Î ¸®ºÎÆ®ÇÑ´Ù. ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ºÎÆ®µÇ¸é 'ps -ax'¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©
   ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ³»¿ëÀÌ ÀÖ´Â Áö È®ÀÎÇØ º»´Ù.

    PID TTY STAT  TIME COMMAND
     59  ?  S     0:01 /sbin/kerneld

   kerneld¸¦ »ç¿ëÇؼ­ ÁÁÀº Á¡ ÇÑ°¡Áö´Â Çѹø »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ Ä¿³ÎÀ» ¸¸µé°í µ¥¸óÀ»
   ¼³Ä¡ÇÑ ´ÙÀ½¿¡´Â ȯ°æ¼³Á¤Çϴµ¥ º°´Ù¸¥ ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
   ½ÃÇè»ï¾Æ ¸ðµâ·Î ºôµåÇÏ·Á°í ÇÏ´Â µå¶óÀ̹öÁß Çϳª¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ º»´Ù. ¾Æ¸¶µµ
   Ãß°¡ ¼³Á¤ ¾øÀ̵µ Àß µ¿ÀÛÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.  Ç÷ÎÇÇ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ¸ðµâ·Î ºôµåÇÏ°í
   DOS Ç÷ÎÇÇ µð½ºÅ©¸¦ µå¶óÀ̺꿡 ³Ö¾ú´Ù.

   osiris:~ $ mdir a:
   Volume in drive A has no label
   Volume Serial Number is 2E2B-1102
   Directory for A:/
   binuti~1 gz       1942 02-14-1996  11:35a binutils-2.6.0.6-2.6.0.7.diff.gz
   libc-5~1 gz      24747 02-14-1996  11:35a libc-5.3.4-5.3.5.diff.gz
          2 file(s)        26689 bytes

   Ç÷ÎÇÇ µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¸Å¹ø Ç÷ÎÇÇ µð½ºÅ©¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù
   kerneld¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ·ÎµåµÈ´Ù.
   ½ÇÁ¦·Î Ç÷ÎÇÇ ¸ðµâÀÌ ·ÎµåµÇ¾ú´ÂÁö ¾Ë¾Æº¸±â À§ÇØ /sbin/lsmod¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇغ¸¸é
   ÇöÀç ·ÎµåµÈ ¸ðµâµéÀ» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

   osiris:~ $ /sbin/lsmod
   Module:        #pages:  Used by:
   floppy            11    0 (autoclean)

   "(autoclean)"Àº ¸ðµâÀÌ ÀÏ ºÐÀÌ»ó »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î kerneld¿¡
   ÀÇÇØ Á¦°ÅµÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î 11 ÆäÀÌÁö¸¸Å­ÀÇ ¸Þ¸ð¸®(ÇÑ
   ÆäÀÌÁö°¡ 4kBÀ̹ǷΠÃÑ 44kB)°¡ ¿ÀÁ÷ ³»°¡ Ç÷ÎÇÇ µå¶óÀ̺긦 »ç¿ëÇÒ¶§¸¸
   »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ³»°¡ ÀÏ ºÐÀÌ»ó Ç÷ÎÇǸ¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é
   Ç÷ÎÇÇ µå¶óÀÌºê ¸ðµâ¿¡ ÇÒ´çµÈ ¸Þ¸ð¸®´Â ÇØÁ¦µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±â´ÉÀº »ç¿ëÀÚ
   ¾îÇø®ÄÉÀ̼ÇÀÌ ¸Þ¸ð¸® ºÎÁ·À¸·Î °í»ýÇÒ ¶§ ¸Å¿ì À¯¿ëÇÏ´Ù.

5. ¾î¶² ¸ðµâÀÌ ·ÎµåµÉ Áö kerneld´Â ¾î¶»°Ô Çϴ°¡?

ÈçÇÑ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ¸ðµâ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â kerneld°¡ Á¤º¸¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ°ÚÁö¸¸ ¶§·Î´Â kerneld°¡ Ä¿³ÎÀÌ ¿äûÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô ó¸®ÇؾßÇÏ´Â Áö ¸ð¸¦ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÑ°¡Áö ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¸ðµâÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â CD-ROM µå¶óÀ̹ö³ª ³×Æ®¿öÅ© µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æ¿ì ÀÌ´Ù.

Ä¿³Î·ÎºÎÅÍ kerneld µ¥¸ó¿¡°Ô Àü´ÞµÇ´Â ¿ä±¸»çÇ×Àº ´ÙÀ½ Áß ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù.

  • ºí·° µð¹ÙÀ̽º µå¶óÀ̹ö(a block-device driver)
  • ¹®ÀÚ µð¹ÙÀ̽º µå¶óÀ̹ö(a character-device driver)
  • ¹ÙÀ̳ʸ® Æ÷¸Ë(a binary format)
  • tty line discipline
  • ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛ(a filesystem)
  • ³×Æ®¿öÅ© µð¹ÙÀ̽º(a network device)
  • ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ¼­ºñ½º(a network service (e.g. rarp))
  • ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ(a network protocol (e.g. IPX))
kerneld´Â ¾î¶² ¸ðµâÀÌ ·ÎµåµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´ÂÁö¸¦ /etc/conf.modules ÆÄÀÏÀ» °Ë»ç Çؼ­ °áÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡´Â µÎ°¡Áö Ç׸ñÀÌ Àִµ¥ °æ·Î¸í(·ÎµåµÈ ¸ðµâ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °÷)°ú º°¸í(alias: ·ÎµåµÉ ¸ðµâÀÇ À̸§)ÀÌ ±×°ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸¸µé ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

/sbin/modprobe -c | grep -v '^path' >/etc/conf.modules ¸¸ÀÏ ±âº» Æнº¿¡ ´Ù¸¥ Æнº¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÏ·Á¸é, Ãß°¡ÇÏ·Á´Â Æнº »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ¸ðµç ±âº» Æнºµµ Ãß°¡ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº /etc/conf.modulesÀÇ Æнº°¡ modprobe°¡ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â ±âº» Æнº¸¦ ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ´ëüÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ´ë°³ »ç¿ëÀÚ´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æ·Î¸¦ Á÷Á¢ ¼ÕÀ¸·Î ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ°í ½Í¾îÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í ³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö±æ ¹Ù¶ö °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

alias³ª ´Ù¸¥ ¿É¼ÇÀ» Á÷Á¢ Ãß°¡ÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¸é /etc/conf.modules¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº modprobe°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â °Í¿¡ Ãß°¡µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ alias³ª ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÀçÁ¤ÀÇÇÏ¿´´Ù¸é, /etc/conf.modulesÀÇ ³»¿ëÀÌ ±âº» ¼³Á¤À» ´ë½ÅÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

ºí·° µð¹ÙÀ̽º(Block devices)


   '/sbin/modprobe -c'¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇϸé kerneld°¡ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµâµéÀÇ ¸ñ·Ï°ú ¾î¶²
   ½ÅÈ£µéÀÌ ÀÌ°Í°ú ¿¬°üµÇ¾î ÀÖ´ÂÁö Ç¥½ÃµÈ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î Ç÷ÎÇÇ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦
   ·ÎµåÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ½ÅÈ£´Â ¸ÞÀÌÀú ¹øÈ£ 2¸¦ °®´Â ºí·° µð¹ÙÀ̽ºÀÌ´Ù.
   osiris:~ $ /sbin/modprobe -c | grep floppy
   alias block-major-2 floppy
   ¿Ö ºí·° ¸ÞÀÌÀú ¹øÈ£°¡ 2Àϱî? ±× ÀÌÀ¯´Â /dev/fd* Ç÷ÎÇÇ µð¹ÙÀ̽ºµéÀÌ ¸ÞÀÌÀú
   ¹øÈ£ 2¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ºí·° µð¹ÙÀ̽ºµéÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.
   osiris:~ $ ls -l /dev/fd0 /dev/fd1
   brw-rw-rw-   1 root     root       2,   0 Mar  3  1995 /dev/fd0
   brw-r--r--   1 root     root       2,   1 Mar  3  1995 /dev/fd1

ij¸¯ÅÍ µð¹ÙÀ̽º(Character devices)


   ij¸¯ÅÍ µð¹ÙÀ̽ºµµ ºñ½ÁÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î 󸮵ȴÙ. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î ftape Ç÷ÎÇÇ µå¶óÀ̹ö
   ´Â ¸ÞÀÌÀú ¹øÈ£ 27À» °®´Â´Ù.

   osiris:~ $ ls -lL /dev/ftape
   crw-rw----   1 root     disk      27,   0 Jul 18  1994 /dev/ftape
   ±×·¯³ª ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î kerneld´Â ftape µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº
   '/sbin/modprobe -c'ÀÇ °á°ú ¸ñ·Ï¿¡ µé¾îÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù.

   ±×·¯¹Ç·Î kerneld°¡ ftape µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ·ÎµåÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ·Á¸é /etc/conf.modules¿¡
   ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ³»¿ëÀ» Ãß°¡ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
   alias char-major-27 ftape

³×Æ®¿öÅ© µð¹ÙÀ̽º(Network devices)


   »ç¿ëÀÚ´Â 'char-major-xxx' ³ª 'block-major-yyy'ÇüÅÂÀÇ ¼³Á¤ ´ë½Å µð¹ÙÀ̽ºÀÇ
   À̸§À» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ°°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀº ³×Æ®¿öÅ© µð¹ÙÀ̽º¿¡ ƯÈ÷ À¯¿ëÇÏ´Ù.
   ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î eth0·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´Â ne2000 ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Ä«µå´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î
   ·ÎµåÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

   alias eth0 ne
   ¸¸ÀÏ µå¶óºñ¾î¿¡ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÀÎÀÚ·Î ³Ñ±â·Á¸é - ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Ä«µå°¡ »ç¿ëÇÒ
   IRQ µî - 'options'¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù.

   options ne irq=5
   ÀÌ°ÍÀº kerneld°¡ NE2000 µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ·ÎµåÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.

   /sbin/modprobe ne irq=5
   ¹°·Ð ½ÇÁ¦ ¿É¼ÇÀº »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ·ÎµåÇÏ·Á´Â ¸ðµâ¿¡°Ô¸¸ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.

¹ÙÀ̳ʸ® Æ÷¸Ë(Binary formats)


   ¹ÙÀ̳ʸ® Æ÷¸Ë ¿ª½Ã À¯»çÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î 󸮵ȴÙ. »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ kerneld°¡ ¾î¶»°Ô
   ·ÎµåÇÒ Áö ¸ð¸£´Â ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ½ÇÇàÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù kerneld´Â 'binfmt-xxx'¿Í °°ÀÌ
   ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù. À̶§ xxx´Â ¹ÙÀ̳ʸ® Æ÷¸ËÀÇ Ã¹¹ø° ¸î°³ ¹ÙÀÌÆ®·ÎºÎÅÍ °áÁ¤µÇ´Â ¼ýÀÚ
   ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ZMAGIC (a.out) ¹ÙÀ̳ʸ® Æ÷¸ËÀ» À§ÇÑ binfmt_aoutÀ» ·ÎµåÇϱâ
   À§ÇÑ kerneld ¼³Á¤Àº

   alias binfmt-267 binfmt_aout
   ZMAGIC ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ÅÁ÷ ³Ñ¹ö(/etc/magic ÂüÁ¶)´Â 267ÀÌ´Ù.(/etc/magic ÆÄÀÏÀ»
   º¸¸é ¼ýÀÚ°¡ 0413À¸·Î Ç¥½ÃµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ°ÍÀº kerneld°¡ 8Áø¼ö¸¦
   »ç¿ëÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ°í, 8Áø¼ö 413Àº 10Áø¼ö 267ÀÌ´Ù. a.out ½ÇÇà ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â
   Á¶±Ý¾¿ ´Ù¸¥ 3°¡Áö º¯Á¾ÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ÀÌ°Íµé ¸ðµÎ¸¦ Áö¿øÇÏ´Â
   binfmt_aoutÀ» ·ÎµåÇÏ·Á¸é

   alias binfmt-264 binfmt_aout  # pure executable (NMAGIC)
   alias binfmt-267 binfmt_aout  # demand-paged executable (ZMAGIC)
   alias binfmt-204 binfmt_aout  # demand-paged executable (QMAGIC)
   a.out, Java ±×¸®°í iBCS ÀÌÁø Æ÷¸ËÀº kerneld¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀνĵǹǷÎ
   Ưº°ÇÑ ¼³Á¤Àº ÇÊ¿ä¾ø´Ù.

Line disciplines (slip, cslip and ppp)


   Line disciplinesÀº "tty-ldisc-x"¿Í °°ÀÌ ¿äûµÇ´Âµ¥ À̶§ 'x'´Â ´ë°³ 1
   (SLIP) À̰ųª 3 (PPP)ÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ µÎ°¡Áö ¸ðµÎ kerneld¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ÀÚµ¿ÀûÀ¸·Î
   ÀνĵȴÙ.

   PPPÀÇ °æ¿ì ppp¸¦ À§ÇØ bsd_comp µ¥ÀÌÅÍ ¾ÐÃà ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇÏ°í ½ÍÀ¸¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú
   °°Àº µÎ ÁÙÀ» /etc/conf.modules¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
   alias tty-ldisc-3 bsd_comp
   alias ppp0 bsd_comp

³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ Æйи® (IPX, AppleTalk, AX.25)


   ¸î¸î ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ ¿ª½Ã ¸ðµâ·Î ·ÎµåµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Ä¿³ÎÀº "net-pf-X"¿Í
   °°Àº Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î kerneld¿¡°Ô ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ Æйи®¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¿äûÇÑ´Ù. À̶§ X´Â
   »ç¿ëÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â Æйи®¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÏ´Â ¹øÈ£ÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é net-pf-3Àº AX.25
   ÀÌ°í, net-pf-4´Â IPX ±×¸®°í net-pf-5´Â AppleTalkÀÌ´Ù.(ÀÌ ¹øÈ£µéÀº
   ¸®´ª½º ¼Ò½º ÆÄÀÏ include/linux/socket.h ¿¡ Á¤ÀÇµÈ AF_AX25, AF_IPX °ª¿¡
   ÀÇÇØ °áÁ¤µÈ´Ù. (¿ªÀÚ ÁÖ: ÀÎÅͳݿ¡¼­ ÈçÈ÷ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â IP ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ°ªÀº 2 ÀÌ´Ù)
   ±×·¯¹Ç·Î IPX ¸ðµâÀ» ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ·ÎµåÇÏ·Á¸é ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ³»¿ëÀ»
   /etc/conf.modules¿¡ ÀÔ·ÂÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

   alias net-pf-4 ipx

   ! È®ÀÎ !
   ÀÌÁ¦ ¾Æ·¡¿¡¼­ º¼ ³»¿ëÀº ºÎÆÃÇÒ¶§ Á¤ÀǵÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ Æйи®¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ
   ¿¡·¯ ¸Þ½ÃÁö°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¶§ ¾î¶»°Ô ´ëóÇÏ´ÂÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë¾Æº»´Ù.

ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛ


   ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ kerneld ½ÅÈ£´Â ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛ Å¸ÀÔÀÇ À̸§ÀÌ´Ù. ÈçÈ÷
   "iso9660" ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛ Å¸ÀÔÀ» °®´Â CD-ROM ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ isofs ¸ðµâÀ»
   ·ÎµåÇÏ·Á¸é ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ ÇÑ´Ù.

   alias iso9660 isofs

Ưº°ÇÑ ¼³Á¤À» ÇÊ¿ä·ÎÇÏ´Â µð¹ÙÀ̽ºµé



   ¸î¸î µð¹ÙÀ̽ºµéÀº alias¸¸À» »ç¿ëÇؼ­´Â µð¹ÙÀ̽º¸¦ ¸ðµâ·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.
<itemize>
<item> major 10¹øÀ» °®´Â ij¸¯ÅÍ µð¹ÙÀ̽ºµé
<item> SCSI µð¹ÙÀ̽ºµé
<item>Ưº°ÇÑ ÃʱâÈ­¸¦ ÇÊ¿ä·ÎÇÏ´Â µð¹ÙÀ̽ºµé
<itemize>

char-major-10 : Mice, watchdogs and randomness Çϵå¿þ¾î µð¹ÙÀ̽º´Â ´ë°³ ¸ÞÀÌÀú µð¹ÙÀ̽º ¹øÈ£¸¦ ÅëÇØ ±¸º°µÈ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é ftapeÀº char-major-27 ÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª /devÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» º¸¸é ij¸¯ÅÍ ¸ÞÀÌÀú ¹øÈ£ 10À» °®´Â Ç׸ñÀ» º¼ ¼ö Àִµ¥ ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¸Å¿ì ´Ù¾çÇÑ µð¹ÙÀ̽º¿¡ ÀÇÇØ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.

  • ´Ù¾çÇÑ Á¾·ùÀÇ ¸¶¿ì½º(bus mice, PS/2 mice)
  • Watchdog devices
  • The kernel 'random' device
  • APM (Advanced Power Management) interface
ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ µð¹ÙÀ̽ºµéÀº Çϳª°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµâ¿¡ ÀÇÇØ Á¦¾îµÈ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î À̰͵鿡 ´ëÇÑ kerneld ¼³Á¤Àº ¸ÞÀÌÀú ¹øÈ£¿Í ¸¶ÀÌ³Ê ¹øÈ£¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

alias char-major-10-1 psaux # For PS/2 mouse alias char-major-10-130 wdt # For WDT watchdog

ÀÌ°ÍÀ» »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â Ä¿³ÎÀÇ ¹öÀüÀÌ 1.3.82ÀÌ»óÀ̾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌÀü ¹öÀüÀº kerneld ¿¡°Ô ¸¶ÀÌ³Ê ¹øÈ£¸¦ ³Ñ°ÜÁÖÁö ¾Ê¾Æ kerneld°¡ ¾î¶² µð¹ÙÀ̽º ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇÒÁö ¾ËÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. µå¶óÀ̹ö ·ÎµåÇϱâ: scsi_hostadpater Ç׸ñ


   SCSI µð¹ÙÀ̽º¸¦ À§ÇÑ µå¶óÀ̹ö´Â SCSI È£½ºÆ® ¾î´ðÅÍ(¿¹¸¦ µé¸é Adaptec 1542)
   ¿Í »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â SCSI µð¹ÙÀ̽º ŸÀÔ - ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é ÇÏµå µð½ºÅ©, CD-ROM
   ±×¸®°í Å×ÀÌÇÁ µå¶óÀ̺ê - ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µå¶óÀ̹ö·Î ±¸¼ºµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ðµç °ÍµéÀº ¸ðµâ·Î
   ·ÎµåµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î Adaptec card¿¡ ¿¬°áµÈ CD-ROMÀ» ¿¢¼¼½º
   ÇÒ ¶§ Ä¿³Î°ú kerneld´Â SCSI CD-ROMÀ» Áö¿øÇϱâ À§ÇØ sr_mod ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇؾß
   ÇÑ´Ù´Â °Í¸¸À» ¾Ë°í CD-ROMÀÌ ¿¬°áµÈ SCSI ÄÁÆ®·Ñ·¯¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ¸ð¸¥´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î
   SCSI ÄÁÆ®·Ñ·¯¸¦ Áö¿øÇÏ´Â ¾î¶² ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇØ¾ß ÇÒ Áö´Â ¸ð¸¥´Ù.
   ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹®Á¦Á¡À» ÇØ°áÇÏ·Á¸é /etc/conf.modulesÀÇ SCSI µå¶óÀ̹ö ¸ðµâÇ׸ñ¿¡¼­
   ´Ù¾çÇÑ SCSI ÄÁÆ®·Ñ·¯ ¸ðµâÁß¿¡ ¾î¶² °ÍÀ» kerneld°¡ ·ÎµåÇØ¾ß ÇÒÁö¸¦ ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù.

        alias scd0 sr_mod               # sr_mod for SCSI CD-ROM's ...
        alias scsi_hostadapter aha1542  # ... need the Adaptec driver

   ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±â´ÉÀº Ä¿³Î 1.3.82 ÀÌ»óÀÇ ¹öÀü¿¡¼­¸¸ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
   À§¿Í °°Àº ÀÛ¾÷Àº ¿ÀÁ÷ ÇϳªÀÇ SCSI ÄÁÆ®·Ñ·¯¸¸ ÀÖÀ»¶§ Á¦´ë·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ
   Çϳª ÀÌ»óÀÇ ÄÁÆ®·Ñ·¯°¡ ÀÖ´Ù¸é Á» ´õ º¹ÀâÇÑ ÀÛ¾÷À» ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
   ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ´Ù¸¥ È£½ºÆ® ¾î´ðÅÍ¿ë µå¶óºñ¾î°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù¸é kerneld´Â
   SCSI È£½ºÆ® ¾î´ðÅÍ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ·ÎµåÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. - ¹Ýµå½Ã µÎ°³ÀÇ µå¶ó
   À̹ö¸¦ Ä¿³Î¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃÅ°´ø°¡(¸ðµâÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó) Á÷Á¢ ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
   ±×·¯³ª kerneld°¡ ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ SCSI µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ·ÎµåÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
   ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ ³»¿ëÀº James Tsiao¾¾ÀÇ ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾îÀÌ´Ù.:

   kerneld°¡ µÎ¹ø° SCSI µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ·ÎµåÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ·Á¸é modules.dep¸¦ Á÷Á¢
   ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ¿© ÀÇÁ¸¼ºÀ» ¸¸µé¸é µÈ´Ù. ´ÜÁö ¾Æ·¡¿Í °°ÀÌ ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.
      /lib/modules/2.0.30/scsi/st.o: /lib/modules/2.0.30/scsi/aha1542.o
   kerneld´Â st.o¸¦ ·ÎµåÇϱâ Àü¿¡ aha1542.o¸¦ ·ÎµåÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. Áý¿¡ ÀÖ´Â
   ³» ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ¿¡ À§¿Í °°Àº ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ÀÖ°í ÀÌ°ÍÀº Å×ÀÌÇÁ¿Í CD-ROM ±×¸®°í ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ
   SCSI µð¹ÙÀ̽ºµé(generic scsi devices)¿¡¼­ Àß µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù. À̶§ ´ÜÁ¡Àº
   'depmod -a'°¡ Á¦´ë·Î   ÀÇÁ¸¼ºÀ» °Ë»çÇÏÁö ¸øÇϹǷΠ»ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ Á÷Á¢ Ãß°¡ÇÏ°í,
   ºÎÆÃÇÒ¶§ 'depmod -a'¸¦ »ç¿ëÇؼ­´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù´Â °ÅÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Çѹø ¼³Á¤ÀÌ µÇ¸é
   kerneld´Â ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î aha1542.o¸¦ ·ÎµåÇÑ´Ù.

   ÀÌ ¶§ ÁÖÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÒ °ÍÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀº ¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ µÎ °³ÀÇ ÄÁÆ®·Ñ·¯ÀÇ ´Ù¸¥
   SCSI µð¹ÙÀ̽º¿¡¸¸ Á¦´ë·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é ÇÑ°³ÀÇ ÄÁÆ®·Ñ·¯¿¡
   ÇÏµå µð½ºÅ©°¡ ÀÖ°í, ´Ù¸¥ ÄÁÆ®·Ñ·¯¿¡ CD-ROM µå¶óÀ̺곪 Å×ÀÌÇÁ ȤÀº
   ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ SCSI µð¹ÙÀ̽º°¡ ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù.

¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇÏ´Â °Í¸¸À¸·Î ÃæºÐÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ»¶§ : ¼³Ä¡ ÈÄ Ç׸ñ(The 'post-install' entry)


   ¶§¶§·Î ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇÏ´Â °Í¸¸À¸·Îµµ ÃæºÐÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¶§°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¾î
   ¸ðµâ·Î ÄÄÆÄÀÏµÈ »ç¿îµå Ä«µå°¡ ÀÖÀ»¶§, ÃʱⰪÀ» ¼Ò¸®°ªÀ» ÁöÁ¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ
   ÆíÇÑ´Ù. À̶§ ¹®Á¦Á¡Àº ¼³Á¤°ªµéÀÌ ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¸ðµâÀÌ ·ÎµåµÉ¶§ »ç¶óÁø´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.
   ¿©±â Ben Galliart(<url url="mailto: bgallia@luc.edu" name="bgallia@luc.edu" >)¾¾°¡ ¾Ë·ÁÁØ ÇØ°á¹ýÀÌ´Ù:
   ¸¶Áö¸· ¹æ¹ýÀº setmix-0.1 ÆÐÅ°Áö (<url url="http://sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps
   /sound/mixers/setmix-0.1.tar.gz" name="sunsite.unc.edu/pub/Linux/apps
   /sound/mixers/setmix-0.1.tar.gz"  >) ¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

   ±×¸®°í ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ³»¿ëÀ» /etc/conf.modules¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù:

       post-install sound /usr/local/bin/setmix -f /etc/volume.conf

   ÀÌ°ÍÀº »ç¿îµå ¸ðµâÀÌ ·ÎµåµÈ ÈÄ kerneld°¡ "post-install sound"¶ó°í ¾²¿©Áø
   ¸í·É¾î¸¦ ½ÇÇà½ÃŲ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î »ç¿îµå ¸ðµâÀº '/usr/local/bin/setmix -f
   /etc/volume.conf'ÀÇ ¸í·ÉÀ¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼Ò¸® º¼·ý°ªÀ» °®°Ô µÈ´Ù.

   ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀº tunelp ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À¸·Î ȯ°æ ¼³Á¤À» ÇؾßÇÏ´Â lp ¸ðµâ°ú °°Àº
   ´Ù¸¥ ¸ðµâ¿¡µµ À¯¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

        post-install lp tunelp <options>

   kerneld°¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÀνÄÇÏ·Á¸é 1.3.69f ³ª ±× ÀÌÈÄ ¹öÀüÀÇ kerneld°¡
   ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.

ÁÖÀÇ: ÀÌÀü ¹öÀüÀÇ mini-HOWTO ´Â kerneld°¡ ¸ðµâÀ» Á¦°ÅÇϱâ Àü¿¡ ½ÇÇà½ÃÅ°´Â "pre-remove" ¶ó´Â ¸í·É¾î¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾ð±ÞÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ÀÌ°ÍÀº Á¦´ë·Î µ¿ÀÛ ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æ, ´ÙÀ½ kerneld ¸±¸®Áî¿¡¼­´Â Á¦°ÅµÉ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµÈ´Ù. ¸ðµâ ¼³Á¤°ú °ü·ÃµÈ ¸ðµç À̽´µéÀº ÇöÀç ÁøÇàÁßÀÌ°í ÀÌ ±ÛÀ» ÀаԵǴ ½ÃÁ¡¿¡´Â ÀÌ¹Ì ¸¹Àº º¯È­°¡ ÀϾÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

6. kerneldÀÇ ÀÛ¾÷ ¿³º¸±â

¸¸ÀÏ ¸ðµç ¹æ¹ýÀ» ½ÃµµÇغ¸¾Ò´Âµ¥µµ Ä¿³ÎÀÌ kerneld¿¡°Ô ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö ¸ð¸¦¶§´Â, kerneld°¡ ¹Þ´Â ½ÅÈ£¸¦ È®ÀÎÇØ º¸´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ±× °á°ú /etc/conf.modules¿¡ ¾î¶² ³»¿ëÀ» ³Ö¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Â ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù. À̶§ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ kdstat À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼ÀÌ´Ù.

ÀÌ ¸ÚÁø ÇÁ·Î±×·¥Àº ¸ðµâ ÆÐÅ°Áö¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖÁö¸¸ ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î °ËÆÄÀϵǰųª ¼³Ä¡µÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀ» ºôµåÇÏ·Á¸é

cd /usr/src/modules-2.0.0/kerneld make kdstat

ÀÌÁ¦ kerneld °¡ ¾î¶² ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö È­¸é¿¡ Ç¥½ÃÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ·Á¸é kdstat debug¸¦ ½ÇÇà½ÃŲ´Ù. ±×·¯¸é kerneld´Â Äֿܼ¡ ÇöÀç ¾î¶² ÀÏÀÌ ÀϾ°í ÀÖ´ÂÁö ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÑ´Ù. À̶§ »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ½Í¾îÇÏ´Â ¸í·É¾î¸¦ ½ÇÇà½ÃÅ°¸é kerneld requestµéÀ» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌÁ¦ ÀÌ°ÍÀ» /etc/conf.modules¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇÏ°í ¸ðµâ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ alias¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. µð¹ö±ëÀ» ³¡³»·Á¸é '/sbin/kdstat nodebug'À» ½ÇÇà½ÃŲ´Ù.

7. kerneldÀÇ Æ¯º°ÇÑ »ç¿ë

¾î¶² »ç¶÷µéÀº ½ºÅ©¸°¼¼À̹ö ¸ðµâÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¾Ë°í ½Í¾îÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¸ðµâ ÆÐÅ°ÁöÀÇ 'kerneld/GOODIES' µð·ºÅ丮¿¡´Â ½ºÅ©¸°¼¼À̹ö¸¦ À§ÇÑ Ä¿³Î ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. À̰͵éÀº °ø½ÄÀûÀÎ Ä¿³ÎÀÇ ÀϺδ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ Á÷Á¢ Ä¿³ÎÀ» ÆÐÄ¡ÇÏ°í Ä¿³ÎÀ» ºôµåÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

ÆÐÄ¡¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ·Á¸é "patch" ¸í·É¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

cd /usr/src/linux patch -s -p1 </usr/src/modules-2.0.0/kerneld/GOODIES/blanker_patch

±×¸®°í »õ·Î¿î Ä¿³ÎÀ» ´Ù½Ã ºôµåÇÑ ÈÄ ¼³Ä¡ÇÑ´Ù. ½ºÅ©¸° ¼¼À̹ö ¸ðµÎ·Î ¹Ù²î¸é kerneld´Â "/sbin/screenblanker"¸¦ ½ÇÇà½ÃŲ´Ù. ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀº »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â ½ºÅ©¸° ¼¼À̹ö¸¦ µ¿ÀÛ½ÃÅ°´Â ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®ÀÌ´Ù. Ä¿³ÎÀÌ ½ºÅ©¸° ¼¼À̹ö ±â´ÉÀ» ¸ØÃß·Á¸é /sbin/screenblanker¸¦ ½ÇÇàÁßÀÎ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º¿¡°Ô SIGQUIT ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» º¸³½´Ù. »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ¸¸µç ½© ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®³ª ½ºÅ©¸°¼¼À̹ö´Â ÀÌ°ÍÀ» Æ÷ÂøÇÑ ÈÄ Á¾·áÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. À̶§ ¿ø·¡ ÅؽºÆ® ¸ðµå·Î º¹¿øÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¸í½ÉÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

8. ÈçÈ÷ ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â ¹®Á¦Á¡µé

¿Ö ifconfig¸¦ ½ÇÇà½ÃÄ×À»¶§ "Cannot locate module for net-pf-X"¶ó´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁö°¡ Ç¥½ÃµÇ´Â°¡?


   Ä¿³Î 1.3.80¿¡¼­ ³×Æ®¿öÅ· ÄÚµå´Â ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝ Æйи®(¿¹¸¦ µé¸é AX.25³ª
   AppleTalk)¸¦ ¸ðµâ·Î ·ÎµåÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï º¯°æµÇ¾ú´Ù. À̸¦ À§ÇØ »õ·Î¿î kerneld
   request: net-pf-X¸¦ Ãß°¡µÇ¾ú´Ù.(À̶§ X´Â ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀ» °¡¸®Å°´Â ¹øÈ£, ÀÌ ¹øÈ£¿¡
   ´ëÇØ ¾Ë·Á¸é /usr/src/linux/include/linux/socket.h¸¦ È®ÀÎÇØ º»´Ù)
   ºÒÇàÇÏ°Ôµµ ifconfig´Â ¶§¶§·Î ÀÌ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ Æ®¸®°Å½ÃÄÑ ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ»
   ºÎÆÃÇÒ¶§³ª loopback µð¹ÙÀ̽º¸¦ ¼³Á¤Çϱâ À§ÇØ ifconfig¸¦ ½ÇÇà½Ãų¶§ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ
   ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ º¸°Ô µÈ´Ù. ¹°·Ð ÀÌ ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â °áÄÚ À§ÇèÇÑ °ÍÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï°í ´ÜÁö ´ÙÀ½°ú
   °°Àº ³»¿ëÀ» /etc/conf.modules¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇÏ¿© ¸Þ½ÃÁö°¡ ³ªÅ¸³ªÁö ¾Ê°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

        alias net-pf-3 off      # Forget AX.25
        alias net-pf-4 off      # Forget IPX
        alias net-pf-5 off      # Forget AppleTalk

   ¹°·Ð IPX¸¦ ¸ðµâ·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é À§¿Í °°Àº ³»¿ëÀ» Ãß°¡Çؼ­´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù.
  kerneld¸¦ ½ÇÇàÇÑ ÈÄ ppp ¿¬°áÀ» È°¼ºÈ­½ÃÅ°¸é ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ°¡ °©Àڱ⠴À·ÁÁø´Ù.

ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ³»¿ë¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¸°í°¡ ¸î ¹ø ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÀÌ´Â kerneld¿Í tkPPP ½ºÅ©¸³Æ® »çÀÌ¿¡ ºÎÀûÀýÇÑ µ¿ÀÛÀÌ ÀϾ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î ÃßÃøµÈ´Ù. tkPPP ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â ¸î¸î ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ PPP ¿¬°áÀ» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ°í ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µÇϴµ¥ »ç¿ëµÇ´Âµ¥ ÀÌ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â ifconfig°¡ µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´Â µ¿¾È ·çÇÁ¸¦ µ·´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº kerneld·Î ÇÏ¿©±Ý net-pf-X ¸ðµâÀ» ã°Ô ÇÏ°í, ½Ã½ºÅÛ ·Îµå¸¦ ³ô°Ô À¯Áö½ÃÄÑ ½Ã½ºÅ۷α׿¡ "Cannot locate module for net-pf-X"¶ó´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ½ñ¾Æ³»°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ¾ÆÁ÷±îÁö´Â tkPPP¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê°Å³ª ´Ù¸¥ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î PPP ¿¬°áÀ» ¸ð´ÏÅ͸µÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø´Ù.

kerneld°¡ SCSI µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ ·ÎµåÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.


   /etc/conf.modules¿¡ SCSI È£½ºÆ®¾î´ðÅ͸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ±ÛÀÇ À§ÂÊ¿¡ ÀÖ´Â
   scsi_hostadapter¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³»¿ëÀ» È®ÀÎÇØ º»´Ù.


  modprobe°¡ "gcc2_compiled"°¡ Á¤ÀǵǾî ÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù°í Åõ´ú°Å¸°´Ù.
 

ÀÌ°ÍÀº 2.6.0.9 ÀÌÈÄ ¹öÀüÀÇ binutils¿¡¼­¸¸ º¸¿©Áö´Â module-utilitiesÀÇ ¹ö±× ÀÌ´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀº binutils ÀÇ releasenote¿¡ ¹®¼­È­µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ±× ±ÛÀ» Àо´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. ȤÀº modules-2.0.0°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÌ ¹ö±×¸¦ °íÄ£ module-utilities·Î ¾÷±×·¹À̵åÇÑ´Ù.

»ç¿îµå µå¶óÀ̹ö°¡ º¼·ý°ú °°Àº ¼³Á¤°ªÀ» ÀÚ²Ù Àؾî¹ö¸°´Ù.


   ¸ðµâ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³Á¤°ªÀº ¸ðµâÀÌ ·ÎµåµÉ¶§ ¸ðµâ ÀÚü¿¡ ÀúÀåµÈ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î kerneld
   °¡ ¸ðµâÀ» ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ¾ð·ÎµåÇÏ¸é »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ÁöÁ¤ÇÑ ¼³Á¤°ªÀº ³¯¾Æ°¡ ¹ö¸®°í
   ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇÏ¸é ±âº»°ªÀ» º¹¿øµÈ´Ù.
   ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹®Á¦Á¡À» ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¸ðµâÀÌ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ·ÎµåµÈ ÈÄ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» ½ÇÇà½ÃÄÑ
   ¸ðµâÀÇ ¼³Á¤°ªÀ» ¹Ù²Ùµµ·Ï ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ ±ÛÀÇ "post-install" Ç׸ñÀ» Àо´Ù.


  DOSEMU°¡ ¸î¸î ¸ðµâÀ» ÇÊ¿ä·Î Çϴµ¥ kerneld°¡ À̰͵éÀ» ¾î¶»°Ô ·ÎµåÇϵµ·Ï
  Çϴ°¡?

ÀÌ°ÍÀº ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ¾î¶°ÇÑ dosemu ¹öÀüµµ - °ø½Ä ¹öÀüÀÌ°Ç °³¹ß¹öÀüÀÌ°Ç- kerneld¸¦ ÅëÇÑ dosemu ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» Áö¿øÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ¸¸ÀÏ 2.0.26À̳ª ±× ÀÌÈÄÀÇ Ä¿³ÎÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù¸é ´õ ÀÌ»ó ¾î¶°ÇÑ dosemu ¸ðµâÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ´ÜÁö dosemu¸¦ 0.66.1·Î ¾÷±×·¹À̵åÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.

¿Ö "Ouch, kerneld timed out, message failed"¿Í °°Àº ¸Þ½ÃÁö°¡ Ãâ·ÂµÇ´Â°¡?


   Ä¿³ÎÀÌ kerneld ¿¡°Ô ½ÅÈ£(request)¸¦ º¸³»¸é 1ÃÊ ³»¿¡ ÀÀ´ä ½ÅÈ£
   (Acknowledgement)°¡ ¿Ã °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ kerneld°¡ ÀÌ ÀÀ´ä ½ÅÈ£¸¦
   º¸³»Áö ¸øÇÑ´Ù¸é ÀÌ ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ±â·ÏµÈ´Ù. Ä¿³ÎÀº ½ÅÈ£(request)¸¦
   ´Ù½Ã º¸³¾ °ÍÀÌ°í °á±¹Àº ÇØ°á µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

   ÀÌ°ÍÀº ´ë°³ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ·Îµå°¡ ½ÉÇÒ ¶§ ÀϾ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº kerneld°¡ »ç¿ëÀÚ ¸ðµå
   ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ´Ù¸¥ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½ºÃ³·³ ½ºÄÉÁ층µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ·Îµå°¡
   ½ÉÇÒ¶§´Â kerneld ŸÀÓ ¾Æ¿ôÀÌ µÇ±â Àü¿¡ Ä¿³Î¿¡°Ô ÀÀ´ä ½ÅÈ£(acknowledgement)¸¦
   Á¦ ¶§ º¸³»Áö ¸øÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

   ¸¸ÀÏ ·Îµå°¡ ½ÉÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¶§ ÀÌ·± ÀÏÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇϸé kerneld¸¦ ´Ù½Ã ½ÇÇà½ÃÄÑ º»´Ù.
   (kerneld ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º¸¦ Á¾·á½ÃÅ°°í /usr/sbin/kerneld ¸í·ÉÀ» ´Ù½Ã ½ÇÇà½ÃŲ´Ù)
   ¸¸ÀÏ ¹®Á¦°¡ °è¼Ó ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù¸é <url url="mailto: linux-kernel@vger.rutgers.edu" name=" linux-kernel@vger.rutgers.edu" >¿¡°Ô ¸ÞÀÏÀ» º¸³½´Ù.
   À̶§ ¹®Á¦Á¡À» Æ÷½ºÆÃÇϱâ Àü¿¡ kernel°ú kerneld°¡ ÃֽŠ¹öÀüÀÎÁö È®ÀÎÇؾß
   ÇÑ´Ù.


  kerneld°¡ ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇÒ¶§±îÁö mount°¡ ±â´Ù¸®Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.

mount(8) ¸í·É¾î°¡ kerneld°¡ ÆÄÀϽýºÅÛ ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇÒ ¶§±îÁö ±â´Ù¸®Áö ¾Ê´Â ´Ù´Â º¸°í°¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù. lsmod´Â kerneld°¡ ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇß´Ù°í ÇÒ ¶§, mount¸¦ ¹Ýº¹ÇÏ¸é ¸¶¿îÆ®¸¦ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº module-utilities 1.3.69f ¹öÀü ÀÇ ¹ö±×·Î º¸À̴µ¥ ÀÌ°ÍÀº Debian »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÌÄ£´Ù. ÃֽŠ¹öÀüÀÇ module-utilities¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¸é ¹®Á¦Á¡À» ÇØ°áÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

kerneld°¡ ncpfs ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù.


   ncpfs À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼¸¦ ÄÄÆÄÀÏÇÒ¶§ ¹Ýµå½Ã -DHAVE_KERNELD¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
   ncpfs MakefileÀ» »ìÆ캻´Ù.


  kerneld°¡ smbfs ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù.

¾Æ¸¶µµ smbmount À¯Æ¿¸®Æ¼ÀÇ ¹öÀüÀÌ ¿À·¡µÈ °ÍÀÏ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÃֽŠ¹öÀü(0.10À̳ª ±× ÈÄ)À» °¡Á®¿Í »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/filesystems/smbfs/

³ª´Â ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¸ðµâ·Î ºôµåÇߴµ¥ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ºÎÆõÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. kerneld°¡ ·çÇÁ ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ¸ðµâÀ» ·ÎµåÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ´Ù. ¸ðµç °ÍÀ» ¸ðµâ·Î ¸¸µé ¼ö´Â ¾ø´Ù. Ä¿³ÎÀº ·çÆ® ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ¸¶¿îÆ®ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÃæºÐÇÑ µå¶óÀ̹ö¸¦ °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÏ°í kerneld¸¦ ½ÇÇà½ÃÅ°´Âµ¥ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µéÀ» °¡Áö°í ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº °ÍµéÀº ¸ðµâ·Î ¸¸µé ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

  • ·çÆ® ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ÀÖ´Â Çϵåµð½ºÅ©¿ë µå¶óÀ̹ö
  • ·çÇÁ ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛ µå¶óÀ̹ö
  • nit¸¦ À§ÇÑ binary foramt loader, kerneld ±×¸®°í ´Ù¸¥ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥µé
[½ÇÀº À§¿¡¼­ ¸»ÇÑ ³»¿ëÀÌ »ç½ÇÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. 1.3.x ÀÌÈÄ ¹öÀü°ú 2.x ´ëÀÇ Ä¿³ÎÀº initial ram-disk¸¦ LILO¶ó LOADLIN¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ·ÎµåÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÏ°í, ºÎÆ® °úÁ¤¿¡¼­ ¸ðµâµéÀ» ÀÌ "µð½ºÅ©"¿¡¼­ ·ÎµåÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ Á¤º¸´Â Ä¿³Î ¼Ò½ºÀÇ Documentation/initrd.txt ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.]

kerneld°¡ ºÎÆ®ÇÒ¶§ ·ÎµåµÇÁö ¾Ê°í libgdbm¿¡ ´ëÇØ ºÒÆòÇÑ´Ù.

»õ·Î¿î ¹öÀüÀÇ kerneld´Â ½ÇÇàÇϴµ¥ GNU dbm ¶óÀ̺귯¸® libgdbm.so¸¦ ¿ä±¸ÇÑ´Ù. ´ë°³ /usr/lib¿¡ ÀÌ ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ¼³Ä¡µÇÁö¸¸ Ȥ½Ã³ª /usr ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ·ÎµåÇϱâ Àü¿¡ kerneld¸¦ ½ÇÇà½Ãų ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ °æ¿ì kerneld´Â ºÎÆ®ÇÒ¶§ ½ÇÇàµÇÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸, ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ºÎÆÃµÈ ÈÄ »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ Á÷Á¢ kerneld¸¦ ½ÇÇà½ÃÄѵµ ±¦Âú´Ù. ÇØ°á ¹æ¹ýÀº /usr ÀÌ ¸¶¿îÆ®µÈ ÈÄ kerneld ½ºÅ¸Æ® ¾÷À» ¿Å±â°Å³ª gdbm ¶óÀ̺귯¸® ¸¦ ·çÆ® ÆÄÀÏ ½Ã½ºÅÛ - ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é /lib - ·Î ¿Å±ä´Ù.

"Cannot load module xxx"¶ó´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁö°¡ Ç¥½ÃµÇÁö¸¸, Ä¿³ÎÀ» ºôµåÇÒ¶§ xxx¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔ½ÃÅ°Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.


   ½½·¢¿þ¾î´Â(ȤÀº ´Ù¸¥ ¹èÆ÷º»µµ) ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¸ðµâ¿¡ ´ëÇØ /etc/rc.d/rc.modules¿¡¼­
   modprobe¸¦ ½ÇÇà½ÃŲ´Ù. À̶§ ¾î¶² ¸ðµâÀ» modprobeÇÒ °ÍÀΰ¡´Â ¿ø·¡ Ä¿³Î ¼³Á¤¿¡
   µû¸¥´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î Ä¿³ÎÀ» Àç¼³Á¤Çϸ鼭 rc.modules¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ¸ðµâÀ»
   ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ¿´´Ù¸é ¿¡·¯¸¦ ¹ß»ý½ÃÅ°°Ô µÈ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î rc.modules¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â
   ¸ðµâÀº ÁÖ¼®À¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù°í, »õ·Î Ãß°¡ÇÑ ¸ðµâÀÇ ÁÖ¼® Ç¥½Ã¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÏ¿© kerneld°¡
   ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¸ðµâÀÌ ¾î¶² °ÍÀÎÁö Á¦´ë·Î ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.


  Ä¿³Î°ú ¸ðµâÀ» ´Ù½Ã ºôµåÇÏ¿´´Âµ¥ ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ºÎÆÃÇÒ¶§ unresolved symbols¶ó´Â
  ¸Þ½ÃÁö°¡ Ç¥½ÃµÈ´Ù.

¾Æ¸¶µµ »ç¿ëÀÚ´Â Ä¿³ÎÀ» Àç¼³Á¤ÇÏ°í ´Ù½Ã ºôµåÇÏ¿© ¸î¸î ¸ðµâÀ» Á¦¿Ü½ÃÄ×À» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±× °á°ú ´õ ÀÌ»ó »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ¸ðµâÀÌ /lib/modules µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·± ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÏ´Â °¡Àå ½¬¿î ¹æ¹ýÀº /lib/modules/x.y.z µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ Áö¿ì°í Ä¿³Î ¼Ò½º µð·ºÅ丮¿¡¼­ 'make modules_install'À» ´Ù½Ã ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. À̶§ ¹öÀüÀ» ¹Ù²ÙÁö ¾Ê°í Ä¿³ÎÀ» Àç¼³Á¤¿¡¸¸ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸ÀÏ »õ·Î¿î Ä¿³Î ¹öÀüÀ¸·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾úÀ»¶§ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¿¡·¯¸¦ ¸¸³­´Ù¸é, ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ÀÌÀ¯¿¡¼­ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

¸®´ª½º Ä¿³Î 2.1À» ¼³Ä¡Çߴµ¥ ¸ðµâÀÌ ·ÎµåµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.


   ¸®´ª½º Ä¿³Î 2.1ÀÌ ÇöÀç °³¹ß Ä¿³Î ¹öÀüÀÌ´Ù. ±×·¯¹Ç·Î ¸¹Àº °ÍµéÀÌ ¼ö½Ã·Î
   º¯ÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °¡Àå Å©°Ô ¹Ù²ï Áß Çϳª´Â ¸ðµâÀ» ó¸®ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý°ú Ä¿³Î°ú
   ¸ðµâÀÌ ¸Þ¸ð¸®¿¡¼­ ·ÎµåµÇ´Â °÷ÀÌ´Ù. ÇöÀç Richard HendersonÀº ¸ðµâ Ä¿³Î
   °³¹ßÀ» Ã¥ÀÓÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù.
   ¿ä¾àÇؼ­ ¸»ÇÏÀÚ¸é, ¸¸ÀÏ Ä¿³Î 2.1 ¿¡¼­ ¸ðµâÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¸é ¹Ýµå½Ã

     * ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ ¾÷±×·¹À̵åÇؾßÇÒ ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ ¼³¸íÇÑ Documentation/Changes ÆÄÀÏ
       À» Àд´Ù.

     * ÃֽŠmodutils ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ °÷¿¡¼­ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

       <url url="ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/alphabits/ or the mirror site at" name="ftp.redhat.com/pub/alphabits/ or the mirror site at" >
       <url url="ftp://tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages/alphabits/" name="tsx-11.mit.edu/pub/linux/packages/alphabits/" >

   ¸¸ÀÏ Ä¿³Î 2.1 ´ëÀÇ Ä¿³Î¿¡¼­ ¸ðµâÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ½Í´Ù¸é ÃÖ¼ÒÇÑ 2.1.19 ¹öÀüÀÇ
   Ä¿³ÎÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ °ÍÀ» ±ÇÇÑ´Ù.


  Dial-on-demand ³×Æ®¿öÅ·Àº ?

kerneld´Â ¿ø·¡ on demand ´ÙÀ̾ó ¾÷ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ Áö¿øÇϵµ·Ï µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù: ¿¬°áµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº »óȲ¿¡¼­ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©·Î ÆÐŶÀ» º¸³»¸é kerneld°¡ PPP³ª SLIP ¿¬°áÀ» ¸¸µé±â À§ÇØ /sbin/request_route ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ½ÇÇà½ÃŲ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀº ±×¸® ÁÁÀº ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó°í ¹àÇôÁ³´Ù. ¸®´ª½º ³×Æ®¿öÅ·À» ´ã´çÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â Alan Cox´Â ¸®´ª½º Ä¿³Î ¸ÞÀϸµ ¸®½ºÆ®¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ½è´Ù. Request-route ±â´ÉÀº ÁøºÎÇÑ °ÍÀÌ°í ÀÌ¹Ì ¸Á°¡Áø °ÍÀ̾ Ä¿³Î 2.1.x ´ë¿¡ ¼­ Á¦°ÅµÇ¾ú´Ù.

request-route ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¿Í kerneld¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ´ë½Å www.dna.lth.se/~erics/diald.html ¿¡¼­ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Eric Schenk'sÀÇ diald ÆÐÅ°Áö¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÒ °ÍÀ» Ãæ°íÇÑ´Ù.

Copyright Messages



   This document is Copyright (c) Henrik Storner, 1996, 1997.
   Unless otherwise stated, Linux HOWTO documents are copyrighted by
   their respective authors. Linux HOWTO documents may be reproduced and
   distributed in whole or in part, in any medium physical or electronic,
   as long as this copyright notice is retained on all copies. Commercial
   redistribution is allowed and encouraged; however, the author would
   like to be notified of any such distributions.
   All translations, derivative works, or aggregate works incorporating
   any Linux HOWTO documents must be covered under this copyright notice.
   That is, you may not produce a derivative work from a HOWTO and impose
   additional restrictions on its distribution. Exceptions to these rules
   may be granted under certain conditions; please contact the Linux
   HOWTO coordinator at the address given below.
   In short, we wish to promote dissemination of this information through
   as many channels as possible. However, we do wish to retain copyright
   on the HOWTO documents, and would like to be notified of any plans to
   redistribute the HOWTOs.
   If you have questions, please contact Greg Hankins, the Linux HOWTO
   coordinator, at <url url="mailto: gregh@sunsite.unc.edu" name="gregh@sunsite.unc.edu" > via email.




sponsored by andamiro
sponsored by cdnetworks
sponsored by HP

Valid XHTML 1.0! Valid CSS! powered by MoniWiki
last modified 2003-08-10 11:52:30
Processing time 0.0023 sec