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±è½Â¿µ nobreak@hongik.com

3rd Edition, ÃÖÁ¾¼öÁ¤ÀÏ 1999³â 9¿ù 17ÀÏ, Revision 3.2
À߸ø ¾²¿©Áø ³»¿ëÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é ¾à°£ÀÇ ½Ã°£À» ÇÒ¾ÖÇÏ¿© ÀúÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¾Ë·ÁÁֽñ⠹ٶø´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ´ÙÀ½ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ¿Ã¹Ù¸¥ Áö½ÄÀ» Àü´ÞÇϴµ¥ Å« µµ¿òÀÌ µË´Ï´Ù. º» ±ÛÀÇ ÃÖÁ¾ ¼öÁ¤º»Àº http://www.kr.FreeBSD.org/doc/PoweredByDNS/ ¿¡¼­ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù¸é ÀÚÀ¯·Ó°Ô È°¿ëÇϼŵµ ÁÁ½À´Ï´Ù.

1. Domain Name SystemÀÇ ÀÌÇØ

Domain Name SystemÀ̶õ À̸§°ú IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ¿©ÁÖ´Â °Å´ëÇÑ ºÐ»ê ³×ÀÌ¹Ö ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ´Ù. ÀÎÅͳݿ¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â IP(Internet Protocol), ±×¸®°í IPÀÇ »óÀ§¿¡¼­ µ¿ÀÛÇÏ´Â ³Ý½ºÄÉÀÌÇÁ °°Àº ÀÀ¿ëµéÀº 210.105.79.103 °ú °°ÀÌ Ç¥ÇöµÇ´Â IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¸À» ÀνÄÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ IP ÁÖ¼Ò´Â ±â°èÀÔÀå¿¡¼± Çؼ®Çϱ⠼ö¿ùÇÏÁö¸¸ ±â¾ïÇϱⰡ ¾î·Æ°í, IP ÁÖ¼Ò¸¸À¸·Î´Â ¼­ºñ½º À¯ÇüÀ» ¿¹ÃøÇϱâ Èûµé´Ù´Â ´ÜÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÎÅͳÝÀÇ µµÀÔ ½ÃÀýÀÎ ARPANET ½ÃÀýºÎÅÍ IP Address¸¦ À̸§À¸·Î ¸í¸íÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ³ë·ÂÀÌ ½ÃµµµÇ¾ú°í, ¸¹Àº ½ÃÇàÂø¿À´Â Áö±ÝÀÇ DNS ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòÀ¸·Î ¹ßÀüÇÏ¿´´Ù.

ARPANET ½ÃÀý¿¡´Â È£½ºÆ®ÀÇ ¼ö°¡ ¸¹Áö ¾Ê¾Ò±â¿¡ NIC(Network Information Center)À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÏÁ¤ Áֱ⸶´Ù È£½ºÆ® ¸í´Ü ÆÄÀÏ(HOSTS.TXT)À» ¹Þ¾Æ /etc/hosts¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÏ¿© »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Á¡Â÷ ÀÎÅͳÝÀÇ ±Ô¸ð¿Í È£½ºÆ® ¼ö°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÔ¿¡ µû¶ó »õ·Î¿î À̸§ ¸í¸í üÁ¦ÀÇ Çʿ伺ÀÌ ´ëµÎµÇ¾ú°í, 1983³â Paul Mockapetris°¡ RFC882, RFC883(ÇöÀç´Â RFC1034·Î ´ëüµÊ)¿¡ »õ·Î¿î ¸í¸í üÁ¦¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±¸ÇöÀ» °ø½Ä ¹ßÇ¥Çϸç, Å©°Ô ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽ºÀÇ °èÃþ ±¸Á¶, ºÐ»ê µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º, Email ¶ó¿ìÆà °³¼±À» ÁÖ¾ÈÁ¡À¸·Î DNS°¡ ź»ýÇÏ¿´´Ù.

1.1 DNS Namespace

ARPANETÀÇ Áß¾Ó °ü¸® üÁ¦¿¡¼­´Â ÇϳªÀÇ ÆÄÀÏ·Î ¸ðµç È£½ºÆ®µéÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸, DNS¿¡¼­´Â ÀÌ°ÍÀ» °¢ µµ¸ÞÀÎ º°·Î Æ®¸®È­ ÇÏ¿© [±×¸² 1]°ú °°Àº ÇüÅ·Π°ü¸®ÇÑ´Ù.

[Image]
[±×¸² 1] Namespace ¿¹Á¦

µð·ºÅ丮 ±¸Á¶¿Í À¯»çÇÔÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö Àִµ¥, Root domain(µµÆ®·Î Ç¥½ÃµÇ´Â)Àº Top level µµ¸ÞÀο¡ °üÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦, Top level µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº ±× ÇÏÀ§ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ °üÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ À¯Áö/°ü¸®ÇÏ´Â ±¸Á¶¸¦ ÃëÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Á¤º¸ÀÇ °èÃþ±¸Á¶·Î ÀÎÇÏ¿© Á¤º¸´Â °¢ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö(NS:Name Server)·Î ºÐ»ê, °ü¸®µÈ´Ù.

¿¹·Î YAHOO.COM µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº COM ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡ µî·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ°í, WWW.YAHOO.COMÀº YAHOO.COM ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡ µî·Ï, °ü¸®µÈ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ AV.YAHOO.COMÀ» µî·ÏÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â YAHOO.COM µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ °ü·Ã ·¹Äڵ常À» ¼öÁ¤ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ À§ÀÓ±¸Á¶´Â Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â ÀÎÅÍ³Ý È£½ºÆ®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °ü¸®¸¦ È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇØÁØ´Ù.

1.2 µµ¸ÞÀÎ ³×ÀÓ Resolving

[Image]
[±×¸² 2] µµ¸ÞÀÎ 'WWW.YAHOO.COM'¿¡ ´ëÇÑ IP Resolving

Åë½ÅÀ» À§ÇÑ TCP/IP ÆÐŶ¿£ µµ¸ÞÀθíÀ» À§ÇÑ °ø°£ÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ µµ¸ÞÀÎ¸í¿¡ ´ëÇÑ IP º¯È¯ÀÛ¾÷(Resolving)À» ¼±ÇàÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥, [±×¸² 2]´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ Resolving °úÁ¤À» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.

  1. Client»óÀÇ ÀÀ¿ëÀÌ 'WWW.YAHOO.COM'¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Local Name Server(TCP/IP ¼³Á¤½Ã ¸í½ÃÇÑ)¿¡ ÁúÀÇÇÑ´Ù.
  2. Local NS´Â ¸ÕÀú ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ Ä³½¬¿¡ ÀÚ·á°¡ ÀÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÑ ÈÄ ¹ß°ßµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ»½Ã Root NS(Root NSÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀº °®°íÀÖ´Ù)¿¡ ÁúÀǸ¦ ´øÁø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Root NSµµ 'WWW.YAHOO.COM'ÀÇ ÀڷḦ °®°í ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¹Ç·Î, COM µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â NS¸¦ Âü°íÇ϶ó´Â ´äº¯À» º¸³»ÁØ´Ù.
  3. Local NS´Â ´Ù½Ã COM NS¿¡ ÁúÀǸ¦ ´øÁö°í, COM NS´Â ´Ù½Ã YAHOO.COMÀÇ NS¸¦ ÀÏ·¯ÁØ´Ù. (·çÆ®(µµÆ®)¿Í COM µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº Root NS¿¡¼­ °°ÀÌ °ü¸®µÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ½ÇÁ¦·Î º» °úÁ¤Àº ÀϾÁö ¾Ê°í (2)¹ø¿¡¼­ ¹Ù·Î YAHOO.COM NS¸¦ Âü°íÇ϶ó´Â ´äº¯ÀÌ ³ª¿Â´Ù.)
  4. Local NS´Â YAHOO.COM NS¿¡ ÁúÀÇÇÑ´Ù. YAHOO.COM NS´Â ¼­ºêµµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀڷḦ °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â ½ÇÁ¦ NS À̹ǷÎ, 'WWW.YAHOO.COM'¿¡ ´ëÇÑ IP 204.71.200.74¸¦ ´äº¯(authoritative answer) ÇÑ´Ù. (½ÇÁ¦ 'WWW.YAHOO.COM'¿¡ ´ëÇÑ IP¸¦ resolving ÇÏ¸é ¸Å¹ø ´Ù¸¥ IP ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ ³Ñ¾î¿À´Â °ÍÀ» º¼ ¼ö Àִµ¥, ÀÌ´Â »çÀÌÆ®°¡ ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¹Ì·¯¸µ ¼­¹ö·Î ¿î¿µµÇ°í, ºÎÇÏ °øÀ¯¸¦ À§ÇØ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´Ù¼öÀÇ IP¸¦ ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. (Âü°í: "¹Ì·¯¸µ ¼­¹ö°£ÀÇ ºÎÇÏ °øÀ¯")
  5. ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î, Local NS´Â Client¿¡°Ô °á°ú¸¦ Àü¼ÛÇÑ´Ù.

1.3 µµ¸ÞÀÎ¸í¿¡ »ç¿ë°¡´ÉÇÑ ¹®Àڼ (Âü°í: RFC1035 p7, RFC1032 p2)

'A-Z', 'a-z', '0-9', '-' °¡ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µµ¸ÞÀθíÀº ¹Ýµå½Ã ¼ýÀÚ³ª ¹®ÀÚ·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿©¾ß Çϸç, ÀüºÎ ¼ýÀÚ¿©¼­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù. (Ãʱâ [RFC1035]¿¡¼­´Â µµ¸ÞÀθíÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã ¹®ÀÚ·Î ½ÃÀÛÇϵµ·Ï Á¦ÇÑÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸, [RFC1123 p12]¿¡¼­ ¿ÏÈ­µÇ¾î 3com.com °°Àº µµ¸ÞÀÎ »ç¿ëÀÌ Çã¶ôµÇ¾ú´Ù.) ¶ÇÇÑ ÇÏÀÌÇÂÀÌ ¾Õ/µÚ¿¡ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ¾ø°í, µµÆ®·Î ºÐ¸®µÇ´Â °¢ ¹®ÀÚ¿­(Each segment)Àº ÃÖ°í 63 ´Ü¾î(octet)±îÁö »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ±¸ÇöµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸ç(NIC¿¡¼­´Â 12´Ü¾î ÀÌÇÏ·Î »ç¿ëÇϱ⸦ ±ÇÀå), ´ë/¼Ò¹®ÀÚ´Â ±¸ºÐµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.

µ¡ºÙ¿©, µµ¸ÞÀθíÀº µî·Ï±â°ü(KRNIC, INTERNIC µî)¿¡ µû¶ó, Á¶±Ý¾¿ »óÀÌÇÑ ±ÔÄ¢ÀÌ Àû¿ëµÊÀ» À¯ÀÇÇÏÀÚ. KRNICÀº ¼ýÀÚ·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â µµ¸ÞÀθíÀ» Çã¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹Ý¸é ¼¼±×¸ÕÆ®¸¦ 63ÀÚ±îÁö Ç®¾îÁÖÁö¸¸, INTERNIC¿¡¼­´Â ¼ýÀÚ·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ Çã¿ëµÇ°í, ¼¼±×¸ÕÆ®°¡ 22ÀÚ·Î Á¦ÇÑÇÑ´Ù.

Âü°í·Î µµ¸ÞÀθíÀº Åë»óÀûÀ¸·Î Email¿¡µµ »ç¿ëµÇ¹Ç·Î RFC822 ±ÔÄ¢µµ ÁؼöÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖÀ½À» ¾Ë¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀÌ´Â ÃæºÐÈ÷ ÀÚÀ¯·Î¿ö ¾ÕÀÇ ±ÔÄ¢À» Æ÷¿ëÇϹǷÎ, Å©°Ô ½Å°æ¾µ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø°Ú´Ù.

(Á¦À۵Ǵ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾îµéÀº Ç¥ÁØÀÇ ±Ô°Ýº¸´Ù È®ÀåµÇ°í À¯¿¬ÇÏ°Ô ±¸ÇöµÇ¾î ½ÇÁ¦ ¼ýÀڷθ¸ µÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎ(¿¹:411.com)µµ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ Ç¥ÁØ¿¡ À§¹èµÇ´Â °ÍÀº ¸ðµç ÀÀ¿ë¿¡¼­ Åë¿ëµÇ¸®¶ó ±â´ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù´Â ¸»À̱⵵ ÇÏ´Ù)

2. Name Server ¿î¿µ

2.1 Name Server À¯Çü

³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö´Â Primary, Secondary, Cache only server·Î ±¸ºÐµÈ´Ù.

Primary server´Â ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â ÁÖ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÌ°í, Secondary server´Â ƯÁ¤ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ back-up copy¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â ¼­¹öÀÌ´Ù. Secondary´Â Primary°¡ ºñÁ¤»ó ¿îÇàµÉ ¶§¿Í ºÎÇϸ¦ ºÐ»ê½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇØ ¿î¿ëÇϸç, ´Ù¼ö°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. º¸Åë µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» °ü¸®Çϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â Primary, Secondary ¼­¹ö°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°Ô µÇ¸ç, Secondary´Â ¿øÄ¢ÀûÀ¸·Ð ¿ÜºÎ ³×Æ®¿÷¿¡ À§Ä¡½ÃÄÑ Á¤Àü µîÀÇ »çÅ·ΠPrimary°¡ ´Ù¿îµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§¸¦ ´ëºñÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­, µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¿î¿µÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ÃÖ¼Ò 2´ë(Primary * 1, Secondary * n) ÀÌ»óÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ¿ä±¸µÈ´Ù.(±â¼úÀûÀ¸·Î´Â Primary ¸¸À¸·Îµµ ¿î¿µÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ°í, ResolverÀÇ ÀÔÀå¿¡¼­´Â Primary¿Í Secondary°¡ ±¸ºÐµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.)

Cache only server´Â µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ µ¥ÀÌÅ͸¦ °ü¸®ÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê°í, resolving¸¸À» ó¸®ÇØ ÁØ´Ù. ¸¸¾à, º»»ç¿Í Áö»ç°¡ ÀÖ°í ÀÌ È¸»çÀÇ Primary, Secondary Name server°¡ ¸ðµÎ º»»ç¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ´Ù°í ÇÒ ¶§, Áö»ç¿¡ À§Ä¡ÇÑ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© À¯ÀúµéÀº Local DNS server°¡ ¾ø°Ô µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·² °æ¿ì µµ¸ÞÀÎ resolvingÀÌ ¿ä±¸µÉ ¶§¸¶´Ù ´Ù¸¥ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©(º»»ç)·Î Á¢¼ÓÀ» ½ÃµµÇÏ°Ô µÇ¹Ç·Î ¾à°£ÀÇ µô·¹ÀÌ°¡ »ý±â°Ô µÇ¸ç, º»»ç ³×Æ®¿öÅ©°¡ ´ÜÀý µÇ¾úÀ»½Ã Áö»çµµ ½ÇÁúÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÎÅÍ³Ý »ç¿ëÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÑ ´ÜÁ¡ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌ·² ¶§ Áö»ç¿¡ Cache only server¸¦ ¿î¿ëÇϸé È¿°úÀûÀ¸·Î ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

2.2 BIND(Berkeley Internet Name Daemon) ¼³Ä¡

Name server¸¦ ¿î¿ëÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ¼­¹öÃø µ¥¸ó ÇÁ·Î±×·¥ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ°Ô µÇ´Âµ¥, ÀÌÁß BIND´Â db ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ±¸¼ºÀÌ ¼Õ½±°í Ç¥ÁØÀ» Ãæ½ÇÈ÷ µû¸¥ °ËÁõµÈ µµ±¸·Î¼­ ÀÎÅͳݿ¡¼­ °¡Àå ³Î¸® »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Unix ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­´Â BIND°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. /usr/sbin µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ in.named ȤÀº named°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÔÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ°í, BIND°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼³Ä¡µÈ BINDÀÇ ¹öÀüÀ» È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù. (BIND°¡ µ¿ÀÛÁßÀÌ¿©¾ß ÇÔ)

$ dig @ns.nobreak.com txt chaos version.bind. | grep VERSION
VERSION.BIND.           0S CHAOS TXT    "8.2"

http://www.isc.org/bind.html¿¡¼­ BINDÀÇ ÃֽŹöÁ¯À» È®ÀÎÇÏ°í, ¹öÀüÂ÷ÀÌ°¡ ¸¹°Å³ª ÇöÀç ¹öÀü¿¡ ½É°¢ÇÑ ¹®Á¦°¡ º¸°íµÇ¾ú´Ù¸é, ¾÷±×·¹À̵带 °í·ÁÇÏ°í, BIND-4°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù¸é, BIND-8·Î ¸¶À̱׷¹À̼ÇÇÏ¿© »õ·Î¿î È帧¿¡ Á¶ÀÎÇϴ°͵µ ³ª»ÚÁö ¾Ê°Ú´Ù.

BINDÀÇ ¼³Ä¡´Â ¸Å¿ì °£´ÜÇÏ´Ù. ftp://ftp.isc.org/isc/bind/src/¿¡¼­ ÃֽŠ¹öÀüÀÇ ¼Ò½º¸¦ ³»·Á¹Þ¾Æ, ¾ÐÃàÀ» ǬÈÄ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¸í·ÉÀ» ÀÔ·ÂÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¼³Ä¡¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÀüºÎÀÌ´Ù.

# make clean depend all install

±×¸®°í, ½Ã½ºÅÛ rc ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ ÀûÀýÈ÷ ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ¿© ½Ã½ºÅÛ ºÎÆýà BIND°¡ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ±¸µ¿µÉ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. (FreeBSD: /etc/rc.conf, /etc/rc.network | Solaris: /etc/init.d/inetsvc | Linux /etc/rc.d/init.d/named)

Windows NT, OS/2, MacOS µî¿¡¼­ BIND¸¦ ¿î¿ëÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½ ÆäÀÌÁö¸¦ Âü°íÇÏÀÚ.

2.3 ÆÛºí¸¯ µµ¸ÞÀÎ(Public Domain) ½Åû

Primary, Secondary ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ÁغñµÇ¾ú°í, ½ÅûÇÒ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ °áÁ¤µÇ¾ú´Ù¸é, »óÀ§ µµ¸ÞÀÎ °ü¸® ±â°ü(``YourDomain.COM''Àº Internic, YourDomain.CO.KRÀº Krnic)¿¡ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ½ÅûÇÏ¿© ¹ß±Þ(³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º»ó¿¡ ¸µÅ©) ¹Þ°Ô µÈ´Ù. µµ¸ÞÀÎ ½Åû¾ç½ÄÀº ±â°ü¸¶´Ù Á¶±Ý¾¿ »óÀÌÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ë±â°ü, Ã¥ÀÓÀÚ, °ü¸®ÀÚ, °áÁ¦ÀÚ , ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö Á¤º¸°¡ ¿ä±¸µÈ´Ù. ÀÌÁß ½Åû µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º¿¡ ¸µÅ©Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö Á¤º¸´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ´Ù.

2.   Complete Domain Name.......: NOBREAK.COM
7a.  Primary Server Hostname....: NS.NOBREAK.COM
7b.  Primary Server Netaddress..: 210.105.79.2
8a.  Secondary Server Hostname..: NS2.NOBREAK.COM
8b.  Secondary Server Netaddress: 210.105.79.3

``NOBREAK.COM''ÀÌ µî·ÏµÇ¾ú´Ù´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ µî·Ï ¿©ºÎ¸¦ È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù.

$ nslookup -type=ns nobreak.com
Server:  ns.nobreak.com
Address:  0.0.0.0

nobreak.com     nameserver = ns.nobreak.com
nobreak.com     nameserver = ns2.nobreak.com
ns.nobreak.com  internet address = 210.105.79.2
ns2.nobreak.com internet address = 210.105.79.3

ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ½ÅûÇÑ °Í°ú °°ÀÌ Ç¥½ÃµÈ´Ù¸é, µî·ÏÀÌ ¹Ù¸£°Ô ÁøÇàµÈ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¾ÆÁ÷ µî·ÏÀÌ ¾ÈµÇ¾ú´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

*** local.name.server can't find nobreak.com.: Non-existent host/domain

"µµ¸ÞÀÎ NOBREAK.COMÀ» ½ÅûÇϴµ¥ ¾î¶»°Ô ±× ÇϺο¡ ÀÖ´Â NS.NOBREAK.COM, NS2.NOBREAK.COMÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï±î?" "NS.NOBREAK.COMÀº NOBREAK.COM µµ¸ÞÀÎ ½ÅûÀÌ ¿Ï·áµÈ ÈÄ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡¼­ ¼³Á¤ ÇØÁÖ¾î¾ß »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï±î?"¶ó´Â Àǹ®ÀÌ µé ¼ö Àִµ¥, ¾î¶² µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ÇÏÀ§ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ¸·Î À§ÀÓÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö Á¤º¸´Â »óÀ§ µµ¸ÞÀο¡¼­ °ü¸®µÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. (Âü°í: ``±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå'')

2.4 ¹ö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎ(Inverse Domain) ½Åû

Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº IP¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¿ªÀ¸·Î ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÏ´Â ¼­ºñ½ºÀÌ´Ù. º¸Åë ISP(Internet Service Provider)¿¡¼­ IP¸¦ ÇÒ´ç¹ÞÀ» ¶§ °°ÀÌ ½ÅûÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ in-addr.arpa ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º¿¡ µî·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù.

$ nslookup -type=ns 79.105.210.in-addr.arpa (C Class 210.105.79.x¸¦ ÇÒ´ç ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» °æ¿ì)
Server:  ns.nobreak.com
Address:  0.0.0.0

79.105.210.in-addr.arpa nameserver = ns.nobreak.com
79.105.210.in-addr.arpa nameserver = ns2.nobreak.com
ns.nobreak.com  internet address = 210.105.79.2
ns2.nobreak.com internet address = 210.105.79.3

¸¸¾à ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¸Þ½ÃÁö°¡ ³ª¿Â´Ù¸é, Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎ µî·ÏÀÌ ¾ÈµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ̹ǷÎ, ÇØ´ç ISP¿¡ ½ÅûÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

*** ns.nobreak.com can't find 79.105.210.in-addr.arpa.: Non-existent host/domain

2.5 Name Server ¼³Á¤

[±×¸² 3]Àº 'NOBREAK.COM' µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ °¡»ó ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ±¸¼ºµµ ÀÌ´Ù.

[Image]
[±×¸² 3] ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ±¸¼ºµµ

³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿£ ¼­¹ö°¡ 3´ë ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. DNS¸¦ ±¸ÃàÇϱâ Àü¿¡, ±×¸²°ú °°ÀÌ ¹Ì¸® °¢ ¼­¹ö¿¡ È£½ºÆ®¸í°ú IP¸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÏÀÚ. º¸Åë ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö´Â ns(primary), ns2(secondary)¸¦ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ°í, IP 1(ÇÒÇÁ·Î ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» °æ¿ì¿£ 129)À» ¶ó¿ìÅÍ È¤Àº ½ºÀ§Ä¡, 2¸¦ NS, 3À» NS2¿¡ ÇÒ´çÇÑ´Ù. µµ¸ÞÀÎ NOBREAK.COMÀº ¾Õ¼­ Internic¿¡ ½ÅûÇÏ¿´À¸´Ï, NS.NOBREAK.COM, NS2.NOBREAK.COM¿¡ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö ¼³Á¤À» ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.

BIND-4 ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ named.boot

BIND-4 ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ named.boot´Â BIND ½Ãµ¿½Ã ÂüÁ¶µÇ¸ç, ³×ÀÓ µ¥¸óÀÌ ÇÊ¿ä·Î Çϴ ȯ°æÁ¤º¸¿Í ¿î¿µÇÒ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ Primary/Secondary ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ±â¼úµÈ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ /etc/named.boot¿¡ À§Ä¡Çϸç, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ À¯´Ð½º ½ºÅ¸Æ®¾÷ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®´Â ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÏ¸é ½Ãµ¿½Ã BIND¸¦ ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î ±¸µ¿ÇÑ´Ù. ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ»óÀÇ ¸ðµç ¿£Æ®¸®´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã 1¿­ ¿¡¼­ ½ÃÀÛÇÏ¿©¾ß Çϸç ';'Àº ÁÖ¼®À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.

directory  /var/named

'directory' ¿£Æ®¸®´Â °ü·Ã ÆÄÀϵéÀÌ À§Ä¡ÇÑ °æ·Î¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ÀÌ °æ·Î´Â ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ª´Â ÆÄÀϵéÀÇ º£À̽º °æ·Î·Î ÀÛ¿ëÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ÆÄÀϵéÀº º» °æ·Î¸¦ ±âÁØÀ¸·Î »ó´ë°æ·Î Ç¥±âÇØ¾ß ÇÏ¸ç ¿©±â¼­´Â /var/named µð·ºÅ丮¸¦ º£À̽º µð·ºÅ丮·Î ÇÑ´Ù. (´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ ±âº» º£À̽º °æ·Î´Â /var/named, /etc/named ȤÀº /etc/namedb ÀÌ´Ù.)

cache  . named.root

cache ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ¸» ±×´ë·ÎÀÇ Ä³½¬°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ·çÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö Á¤º¸°¡ µé¾îÀÖ´Â µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ÆÄÀÏÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. BIND´Â Ÿ µµ¸ÞÀÎ Á¤º¸¸¦ ·çÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡¼­ºÎÅÍ ÃßÀûÇϴµ¥, ÀÌ ·çÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ º» ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ ÂüÁ¶ÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. '/var/named/named.root'¿Í °°ÀÌ º£À̽º µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ À§Ä¡½ÃÅ°¸é µÈ´Ù.

ij½¬ ÆÄÀÏÀº Internic¿¡¼­ ¹èÆ÷Çϸç, ftp://ftp.rs.internic.net/domain/named.root¿¡¼­ ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ·çÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö ¸ñ·ÏÀÌ ÀÚÁÖ ¼öÁ¤µÇÁø ¾ÊÁö¸¸ Á¶±Ý¾¿ ¹Ù²î±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ¸î ´Þ¿¡ Çѹø¾¿Àº ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ® ÇØÁÙ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®¸¦ CronÀ¸·Î Á¤±âÀûÀ¸·Î ¼öÇàÇØ Ä³½¬ ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®ÇÏ´Â °Íµµ ÁÁÀº ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù.

primary  nobreak.com  zone-nobreak.com

ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ Primary ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÔÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹´Â nobreak.com µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ º» ¼­¹ö°¡ Primary À̸ç, µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ÆÄÀÏÀº /var/named/zone-nobreak.com ÀÓÀ» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.

secondary  nobreak.com  210.105.79.2  sec-nobreak.com

µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ Secondary ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù. ¼¼ ¹ø° Çʵå´Â Primary ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ IP ÁÖ¼ÒÀÌ°í, ³× ¹ø° Çʵå´Â Primary¿¡¼­ Àü¼Û ¹ÞÀº zone ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ÀúÀåµÉ ÆÄÀϸíÀÌ´Ù. 210.105.79.2·ÎºÎÅÍ nobreak.com µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ Àü¼Û(Zone Transfer)¹Þ¾Æ /var/named/sec-nobreak.com·Î °ü¸®ÇÔÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.

[±×¸² 3]ÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

¡Ø NS.NOBREAK.COM(Primary NS)ÀÇ /etc/named.boot ÆÄÀÏ
directory                           /var/named
cache      .                        named.root
primary    0.0.127.in-addr.arpa     zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa    ; loopback
primary    79.105.210.in-addr.arpa  zone-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa ; Reverse ZONE
primary    nobreak.com              zone-nobreak.com             ; Forward ZONE

'0.0.127.in-addr.arpa'´Â loopback ÁÖ¼Ò 127.0.0.1¸¦ À§ÇÑ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. loopback ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡, 'primary 0.0.127.in-addr.arpa ...'¿Í °°Àº ¶óÀÎÀº ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¶´Ù °®°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±× ´ÙÀ½ µÎ ¶óÀÎÀÌ ÇÒ´ç¹ÞÀº C Class IP ºí¶ô 210.105.79¿Í µµ¸ÞÀÎ 'nobreak.com'À» À§ÇÑ ¼³Á¤ÀÌ´Ù.

¡Ø NS2.NOBREAK.COM(Secondary NS)ÀÇ /etc/named.boot ÆÄÀÏ
directory                           /var/named
cache      .                        named.root
primary    0.0.127.in-addr.arpa     zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa
secondary  79.105.210.in-addr.arpa  210.105.79.2  sec-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa
secondary  nobreak.com              210.105.79.2  sec-nobreak.com

Secondary ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö ¼³Á¤ÀÌ´Ù. loopbackÀº Primary·Î ³õ¾ÆµÐ´Ù. SecondaryÀÇ ¼³Á¤Àº ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ÀüºÎÀÌ´Ù. (/var/named/zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa´Â ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÔ)

Secondary´Â ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Primary¿¡ Á¢¼ÓÇÏ¿© µ¥ÀÌÅÍ º£À̽º¸¦ Àü¼Û¹Þ¾Æ, sec-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa, sec-nobreak.comÀ¸·Î ÀúÀå, °ü¸®ÇÑ´Ù.

BIND-8 ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ named.conf

BIND-4¿Í BIND-8ÀÇ °ü·Ã ÆÄÀÏ ÀÛ¼º¹ýÁß À¯ÀÏÇÏ°Ô Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ³ª´Â ºÎºÐÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ÀÌ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀÌ´Ù. BIND-8 ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ±¸¼ºÀº BIND-4¿Í ºñ½ÁÇÏÁö¸¸, ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐ Ãß°¡ È®ÀåµÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡, À̸¦ ¼ö¿ëÇÏ°í ¾ÕÀ¸·ÎÀÇ Ãß°¡»çÇ×À» ¼Õ½±°Ô Àû¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÆÄÀÏ Æ÷¸ËÀÌ º¯°æµÇ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ±¸¹öÁ¯ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ°úÀÇ È¥µ¿À» ¸·±âÀ§ÇØ named.conf·Î ¸®³×ÀÓ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¾î¶»°Ô º¸¸é C ¾ð¾îÀÇ ¹®¹ý°ú ¸Å¿ì Èí»çÇÑ °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¼³Á¤À» Á»´õ ¼¼¹ÐÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÀÛ¼º¹ýÀÌ ¹Ù²î¾úÀ» »Ó, BIND-4ÀÇ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ°ú Å©°Ô ´Ù¸¦ °ÍÀº ¾ø´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº ¾Õ¼­ ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ BIND-4 ±â¹Ý ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀ» BIND-8¿¡ ¸Â°Ô º¯È¯ÇÑ ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î BIND-8 ±â¹ÝÀÇ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀº ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ³ª¿­µÈ ·¹ÄÚµåÁ¤µµ¸¸ÀÌ È°¿ëµÇÁö¸¸, Àç¹Ì³­ ºÎºÐÀÌ ¸¹À¸¹Ç·Î Á»´õ ±í¼÷È÷ ¾Ë°í ½Í´Ù¸é http://www.isc.org/bind8/config.html¸¦ Âü°íÇϱ⠹ٶõ´Ù.

´ÙÀ½Àº Primary ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ À§ÇÑ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀÌ´Ù.

¡Ø NS.NOBREAK.COM(Primary NS)ÀÇ /etc/named.conf ÆÄÀÏ
// ÀÌ°ÍÀº ÁÖ¼®ÀÌ´Ù. BIND-8¿¡¼­ ';'Àº ÁÖ¼®ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó, ¶óÀÎÀÇ ³¡À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.
options {
        directory "/var/named";             // Zone ÆÄÀÏÀÇ º£À̽º µð·ºÅ丮
        dump-file "/var/tmp/named_dump.db"; // Dump ÆÄÀÏÀÌ »ý¼ºµÇ´Â °æ·Î
        statistics-file "/var/tmp/named.stats"; // Åë°è ÆÄÀÏÀÌ »ý¼ºµÇ´Â °æ·Î
        pid-file  "/var/run/named.pid";     // ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º ID°¡ ´ã±ä ÆÄÀÏ »ý¼º °æ·Î
};
logging {   // ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ³²±âÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
        category lame-servers { null; };
        category cname { null; };
        category response-checks { null; };
        category notify { null; };
};

zone "." IN {                       // ij½¬ ÆÄÀÏ
        type hint;
        file "named.root";
};
zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {    // localhost¸¦ À§ÇÑ Primary µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¼³Á¤
        type master;
        file "zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa";
};
zone "79.105.210.in-addr.arpa" IN { // ÇÒ´ç IP ºí¶ô¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Reverse Zone
        type master;
        file "zone-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa";
};
zone "nobreak.com" IN {             // µµ¸ÞÀÎ 'NOBREAK.COM'¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Forward Zone
        type master;
        file "zone-nobreak.com";
};

Secondary ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ À§ÇÑ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºµÈ´Ù.

¡Ø NS2.NOBREAK.COM(Secondary NS)ÀÇ /etc/named.conf ÆÄÀÏ
options {
        directory "/var/named";
};
logging {
        category lame-servers { null; };
        category cname { null; };
};

zone "." IN {
        type hint;
        file "named.root";
};
zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {    // localhost¸¦ À§ÇÑ Primary µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¼³Á¤
        type master;
        file "zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa";
};
zone "79.105.210.in-addr.arpa" IN { // Reverse Zone¿¡´ëÇÑ Secondary ¼³Á¤
        type slave;
        file "sec-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa";
        masters { 210.105.79.2; };  // Primary NSÀÇ IP ÁÖ¼Ò
};
zone "nobreak.com" IN {             // 'NOBREAK.COM'ÀÇ Secondary ¼³Á¤
        type slave;
        file "sec-nobreak.com";
        masters { 210.105.79.2; };
};

Forward & Reverse Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º

Zone ÆÄÀÏÀº Forward, Reverse µÎ °¡Áö·Î ±¸ºÐµÈ´Ù. Forward ZoneÀº µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ IP Á¤º¸¸¦ °®°í ÀÖ´Â µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽ºÀÌ°í, Reverse ZoneÀº IP¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀÎÁ¤º¸¸¦ °®´Â µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽ºÀÌ´Ù. ¾Õ¼­ named.boot ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ loopback, 79.105.210.in-addr.arpa, nobreak.com µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ Primary·Î µ¿ÀÛÇϵµ·Ï ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿´´Ù. ÀÌÁß zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa¿Í zone-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa°¡ Reverse Zone ÆÄÀÏÀÌ°í, zone-nobreak.comÀÌ Forward Zone ÆÄÀÏÀÌ´Ù. Zone ÆÄÀÏÀº BIND-4¿Í BIND-8¿¡¼­ ÀÛ¼º¹ýÀÌ µ¿ÀÏÇÏ´Ù.

¸ÕÀú [±×¸² 3]ÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ±¸¼º¿¡ µû¶ó Forward Zone ÆÄÀÏ zone-nobreak.comÀ» ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ¿© º¸ÀÚ.

SOA ·¹ÄÚµå (Start Of Authority)

Zone ÆÄÀÏÀº Ç×»ó SOA ·¹ÄÚµå·Î ½ÃÀÛÇÑ´Ù. SOA ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎ, nobreak.com¿¡ ´ëÇØ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ÀÎÁõ(authoritative)µÈ ÀڷḦ °®°í ÀÖÀ½À» ÀǹÌÇϸç, ÀÚ·á°¡ ÃÖÀûÀÇ »óÅ·ΠÀ¯Áö, °ü¸®µÉ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.

nobreak.com. IN  SOA  ns.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nobreak.com. (
                      1998122800  ;Serial
                      21600       ;Refresh ( 6 hours)
                      1800        ;Retry   (30 minutes)
                      1209600     ;Expire  (14 days)
                      86400)      ;Minimum ( 1 day)

1¿­¿¡´Â ÇØ´ç Zone ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀθíÀÌ µé¾î°£´Ù. µµ¸ÞÀÎ¸í ³¡ÀÇ µµÆ®¸¦ ÀØÁö ¸»ÀÚ. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ µµ¸ÞÀÎ¸í ´ë½Å '@' Ç¥½Ã¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©µµ µÈ´Ù.

@            IN  SOA  ns.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nobreak.com. (

IN(Internet)Àº Ŭ·¡½º¸íÀÌ´Ù. HS, HESIOD, CHAOS¿Í °°Àº Ŭ·¡½ºµµ Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¹Ç·Î Ç×»ó INÀÌ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÏÀÚ.

SOA ´ÙÀ½¿£ Primary ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿Í °ü¸®ÀÚ Email ÁÖ¼Ò°¡ µé¾î°£´Ù. 'hostmaster.nobreak.com.'ÀÌ Email ÁÖ¼ÒÀε¥, ÀϹÝÀû Email Ç¥±â¹ý¿¡¼­ '@'¸¦ µµÆ®·Î ¹Ù²Ù¾î ¾²¸é µÈ´Ù. º» EmailÀº ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ÄÜÅà Æ÷ÀÎÆ®(Responsible Person)·Î¼­ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÒ °æ¿ì À̸¦ ¸®Æ÷ÆÃÇÏ´Â ¿ëµµ·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. Namespace¸¦ ÂÑÀ¸¸ç µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¿À·ù¸¦ Á¡°ËÇÏ´Â 'lamers'¿Í °°Àº µµ±¸µéÀº ¹®Á¦°¡ °ËÃâµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ º» Email·Î ÅëÁöÇÏ¿© ÁØ´Ù.

´ÙÀ½ °ýÈ£·Î µÑ·¯½ÎÀÎ ºÎºÐ¿£ Serial, Refresh, Retry, Expire, Minimum 5°³ÀÇ ½Ã°£(ÃÊ) Çʵ尡 ³õÀδÙ. MinimumÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÑ 4°³ Çʵå´Â Secondary ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ Á¦¾îÇϱâ À§ÇÑ °ªÀÌ´Ù. ±âº» ´ÜÀ§´Â 'ÃÊ'ÀÌ°í, ´ÜÀ§±âÈ£ M(Minute), H(Hour), D(Day), W(Week)¸¦ ºÙ¿© 30M, 8H, 2D, 1W¿Í °°ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.

  • Serial: SerialÀº Secondary°¡ Zone ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¼öÁ¤¿©ºÎ¸¦ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï Çϱâ À§ÇÔÀÌ´Ù. Secondary´Â ¹é¾÷º»ÀÇ SerialÀÌ PrimaryÀÇ Serialº¸´Ù ÀÛÀ» °æ¿ì Zone ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÀçÀü¼Û ¹Þ´Â´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ Zone ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ¼öÁ¤µÈ ÈÄ SerialÀÌ º¯°æµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù¸é, Secondary´Â ¹é¾÷Ä«ÇǸ¦ ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½À» À¯ÀÇÇÏÀÚ. Secondary°¡ ¾ø´Ù¸é SerialÀº Àǹ̰¡ ¾øÁö¸¸ ±×·¸´Ù ÇÒÁö¶óµµ Zone ÆÄÀÏÀÌ ¼öÁ¤µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ SerialÀ» Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÁÁÀº ½À°üÀÌ´Ù.
  • SerialÀÇ Ç¥±â´Â Áõ°¡ÇÏ´Â ÀÓÀÇ ¼ýÀÚº¸´Ü ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ÃÖÁ¾ ¼öÁ¤ÀÏÀ» YYYYMMDDNNÀÇ Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î Ç¥±âÇÑ´Ù. YYYYMMDDNN ¿¬µµ Ç¥±â¹ýÀº 4294³â±îÁö Ç¥±â °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.
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  • Retry: SecondaryÃø¿¡¼­, Primary¿Í ¿¬°áÀÌ ¾ÈµÉ °æ¿ì, Àç ½Ãµµ ½Ã°£ ÁÖ±âÀÌ´Ù. Refresh ±â°£ º¸´Ù ÀûÀ»¶§ Àǹ̰¡ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °æ¿ì 30M(1800) - 1H·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
  • Expire: Secondary°¡ Expire·Î ÁöÁ¤µÈ ½Ã°£µ¿¾È Primary¿¡ ¿¬°áÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ °æ¿ì, ¿À·¡µÈ ¹é¾÷Ä«ÇÇÀÇ ÀÚ·á°¡ ´õ ÀÌ»ó À¯È¿ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù°í º¸°í, ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ´äº¯À» ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ÀÌ °ªÀ» ³Ê¹« ³·°Ô Ã¥Á¤ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ÁÁÁö ¾Ê´Ù. º¸Åë 1W - 2W(1209600)·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.
  • Minimum: Ÿ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ º» Zone¿¡ ±â¼úµÈ ÀڷḦ °®°í °¬À» °æ¿ì, ±× ÀÚ·á¿¡ ´ëÇÑ À¯È¿±â°£(ij½¬¿¡ »ì¾ÆÀÖ´Â ½Ã°£)À» ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. TTL(Time To Live)°ªÀÌ ¸í½ÃµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº ·¹ÄÚµå´Â º» °ªÀ» ±âº»À¸·Î °®°Ô µÈ´Ù. ƯÁ¤ ·¹Äڵ尡 º¯°æµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§, ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ÀÎÅͳݿ¡ ÀüÆÄµÇ¾î ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®µÇ´Â ÁÖ±â´Â ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌ Minimum °ª¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÑ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î SOA¿¡¼­´Â 1D(86400)¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿© Àüü ·¹Äڵ忡 Àû¿ëÇÏ°í, ÀæÀº º¯°æÀÌ ¿¹»óµÇ´Â ·¹Äڵ常 ¸í½ÃÀûÀ¸·Î 1H - 3H Á¤µµ·Î ³·Ãß´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. 0Àº ij½ÌÀ» ÇÏÁö ¸»¶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù.

NS(Name Server) ·¹ÄÚµå

NS ·¹ÄÚµå·Î ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù.

nobreak.com.   IN  NS      ns.nobreak.com.
               IN  NS      ns2.nobreak.com.

¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ NSÀÇ È°¿ëÀ¸·Î´Â, °Å´ë µµ¸ÞÀο¡¼­ ¼­ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ´Ù¸¥ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö·Î À§ÀÓÇÒ¶§ ÀÌ´Ù. Namespace»óÀÇ °¡Áö¿¬°áÀº ÀÌ NS ·¹ÄÚµå·Î ÀÌ·ç¾î Áö´Âµ¥, °Å´ë µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÏ °æ¿ì ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ºÎºÐÀ̹ǷÎ, ¿©±â¼­´Â ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ À§ÀÓ Á¤º¸¸¸À» ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù°í ¾Ë¾ÆµÎÀÚ. "µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ"¿¡¼­ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ´Ù·é´Ù.

A(Address) & CNAME(Canonical Name) ·¹ÄÚµå

A ·¹ÄÚµå´Â µµ¸ÞÀο¡ IP¸¦ ºÎ¿©ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ ¼³Á¤À» º¸ÀÚ. mail°ú power¿¡ A ·¹ÄÚµå·Î IP¸¦ ¸ÅÇÎ ÇÏ¿´´Ù. (mail°ú 'mail.nobreak.com.'Àº µ¿ÀÏÇÏ°Ô Çؼ®µÈ´Ù.)

; Host addresses
mail.nobreak.com.   IN  A      210.105.79.2
power               IN  A      210.105.79.103
; Aliases
www                 IN  CNAME  power.nobreak.com.
ftp                 IN  CNAME  www

CNAME ·¹ÄÚµå´Â µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ À̸§ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹¿¡¼­´Â power.nobreak.com, www.nobreak.com, ftp.nobreak.comÀº ¸ðµÎ °°Àº IP 210.105.79.103À» °®°Ô µÈ´Ù. ftp¿Í °°ÀÌ CNAMEÀÌ CNAMEÀ» Æ÷ÀÎÆà ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì´Â, ¿©·¯ DNS °ü·Ã ÀÚ·á¿¡¼­ ´Ù¸£°Ô ¾ê±âµÇ°í ÀÖÁö¸¸, ÀÌ°ÍÀº °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. CNAMEÀº Æ÷ÀÎÆÃÇÏ´Â ¿À¸®Áö³Î µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ·¹Äڵ带 ¸ðµÎ »ó¼Ó¹Þ±â ¶§¹®¿¡, CNAMEÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº Ãß°¡ ·¹Äڵ带 °®À» ¼ö ¾øÀ½À» À¯ÀÇÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, MX, NS µîÀÇ ·¹Äڵ忡µµ CNAMEÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ³Ö¾î¼­´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. ¹Ýµå½Ã ÁÖÀÇÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. CNAMEÀÇ À߸øµÈ »ç¿ëÀº BIND ·Î±×¸¦ À¯½ÉÈ÷ °üÂûÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é ã±â ¾î·Á¿ì¹Ç·Î, È®½ÇÈ÷ ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸é CNAMEÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÈ ·¹Äڵ带 ¾Æ¿¹ ´Ù¸¥ ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ ÀÎÀÚ·Î ³õÁö ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. ¼÷·ÃµÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¸Þ´ÏÀú Áß¿¡¼­µµ Æ®·¡ÇÈ°ú, ÆÛÆ÷¸Õ½º¶ó´Â Ãø¸é¿¡¼­ CNAMEÀ» ÀüÇô »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ´Ù. (Âü°í: ``CNAMEÀÇ »ç¿ë¿¡ °üÇØ'')

ftp                 IN  CNAME  www  ; (X) CNAME¿£ Ãß°¡·¹Äڵ带 °®À» ¼ö
                    IN  MX     mail ;     ¾ø´Ù.

power               IN  MX 10  mail ; (X) MX¿¡ CNAMEÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÈ
mail                IN  CNAME  ns   ;     ·¹Äڵ尡 ¿Ã ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

MX(Mail eXchanger) ·¹ÄÚµå

MX ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ÇØ´ç È£½ºÆ®ÀÇ ¸ÞÀÏ ¶ó¿ìÆà °æ·Î¸¦ Á¶Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì, account@nobreak.com À¸·Î º¸³»¾î Áö´Â ÆíÁö´Â ½ÇÁ¦ 'mail.nobreak.com.' À¸·Î Àü¼ÛµÈ´Ù. ¸¸¾à 'mail.nobreak.com.'¿¡ ¿¬°áÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½ ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§ÀÎ 'power.nobreak.com'À¸·Î ÆíÁö¸¦ ¹è¼ÛÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù. MX Priority_Number ¿Í °°ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇϸç, Priority_NumberÀÇ ¼ýÀÚ´Â ÀûÀ»¼ö·Ï ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§°¡ ³ô´Ù. "MX(Mail eXchange) ¾Ë°í¸®Áò"¿¡¼­ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ´Ù·é´Ù.

nobreak.com.        IN  MX  10  mail.nobreak.com.
                    IN  MX  20  power.nobreak.com.
mail.nobreak.com.   IN  A       210.105.79.2
power.nobreak.com.  IN  A       210.105.79.103

´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ MX ·¹Äڵ忡 CNAMEÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ³ÖÀ¸¸é ¾ÈµÈ´Ù. ÀÌ·² °æ¿ì ¸î¸î MTA(Mail Transfer Agent: sendmail)´Â ¸ÞÀÏ ¶ó¿ìÆà °æ·Î¸¦ ãÁö ¸øÇÏ¿©, ¸ÞÀÏÀ» ÁÖ°í¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ¼Û½ÅÀÎÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â MTAÀÇ Á¾·ù¿Í ¹öÀü¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÀûÀ̹ǷÎ, °æÇè ¸¹Àº µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¸Þ´ÏÀú°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¸é ¹®Á¦ÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀ» Áø´ÜÇϱ⵵ ¾î·Æ´Ù. ¹Ýµå½Ã ÁÖÀÇÇÏÀÚ.

nobreak.com.        IN  MX  10  mail.nobreak.com.  ; (X) À߸øµÈ »ç¿ë
mail.nobreak.com.   IN  CNAME   power.nobreak.com.
power.nobreak.com.  IN  A       210.105.79.103

PTR(Pointer) ·¹ÄÚµå

PTR ·¹ÄÚµå´Â IP ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡ ´ëÇØ µµ¸ÞÀθíÀ» ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ¿© ÁÖ¸ç, Reverse Zone ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº IP 210.105.79.2¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¼³Á¤ ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù.

2.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa.  IN  PTR  ns.nobreak.com.

Forward Zone¿¡¼­´Â ´Ù¼öÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ A(ȤÀº CNAME) ·¹Äڵ带 ÅëÇØ °°Àº IP¸¦ °®À» ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, PTR ·¹ÄÚµå´Â Áߺ¹ÀÌ Çã¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ÇØ´ç IP¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ´ëÇ¥ µµ¸ÞÀθí Çϳª¸¸À» ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

±âŸ ·¹ÄÚµåµé

Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ·¹ÄÚµåµéÀº À§¿¡ ³ª¿­ÇÑ °Í¸¸À¸·Îµµ ÃæºÐÇÏÁö¸¸, ´õ ¸¹Àº ·¹ÄÚµåµéÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö´Â ¾ÊÀ¸³ª, Á¾Á¾ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ·¹Äڵ带 ¼Ò°³ÇÑ´Ù. ´õ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù¸é RFC1035, RFC1183, RFC2163À» Âü°íÇÏÀÚ.

power           IN  A      210.105.79.103
                IN  HINFO  "Sun Sparc Ultra 5"  "Solaris 2.6"
                IN  TXT    "Nobreak's Primary Server"
                IN  TXT    "WWW, FTP is now available"
                IN  RP     hostmaster.nobreak.com.  hostinfo.nobreak.com.
hostinfo        IN  TXT    "Seung-young Kim, +82-42-864-4440/1"

HINFO(Host INFOrmation) ·¹ÄÚµå´Â µÎ °³ÀÇ ¹®ÀÚ¿­(CPU Á¤º¸, OS Á¤º¸)À» °®À¸¸ç ½Ã½ºÅÛ Á¤º¸¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ¹®ÀÚ¿­¿¡ °ø¹éÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã Å«µû¿ÈÇ¥¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

TXT(TeXT) ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ÅؽºÆ® Á¤º¸¸¦ °®À¸¸ç ÁßøµÇ¾î »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. RP(Responsible Person)´Â ´ã´çÀÚÀÇ Á¤º¸¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇϴµ¥, Email ÁÖ¼Ò(@¸¦ µµÆ®·Î ġȯÇÑ)¿Í, ´ã´çÀÚ Á¤º¸(TXT ·¹Äڵ带 °®´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» Æ÷ÀÎÆÃÇÔ)¸¦ °®´Â´Ù. HINFO¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ¸î¸î ·¹ÄÚµå´Â º¸¾ÈÀ» ÀÌÀ¯·Î »ç¿ëÄ¡ ¸»¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ÀÇ°ßµµ ÀÖ´Ù.

Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º Sample

[±×¸² 3]ÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ±¸¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Forward Zone ÆÄÀÏ zone-nobreak.comÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

¡Ø 'NOBREAK.COM' µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ Forward Zone ÆÄÀÏ /var/named/zone-nobreak.com

@               IN      SOA     ns.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nobreak.com. (
                                1998122801  ;Serial
                                21600       ;Refresh ( 6 hours)
                                1800        ;Retry   (30 minutes)
                                1209600     ;Expire  (14 days)
                                86400)      ;Minimum ( 1 day)
                IN      NS      ns.nobreak.com.
                IN      NS      ns2.nobreak.com.
                IN      MX 10   mail           ; ¸ÞÀÏ ¶ó¿ìÆà ȣ½ºÆ®

mail            IN      A       210.105.79.2

; Hosts Here - This is comments
router          IN      A       210.105.79.1
ns              IN      A       210.105.79.2
ns2             IN      A       210.105.79.3
power           IN      A       210.105.79.103
                IN      HINFO   "Sun Sparc Ultra 5"         "Solaris 2.6"
                IN      TXT     "Nobreak Technologies, Inc."
www             IN      CNAME   power

Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» À§ÇÑ Reverse Zone ÆÄÀÏ zone-79.105.210.in-addr.arpaÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºµÈ´Ù.

¡Ø Reverse Zone ÆÄÀÏ /var/named/zone-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa

@               IN      SOA     ns.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nobreak.com. (
                                1998122801  ;Serial
                                21600       ;Refresh ( 6 hours)
                                1800        ;Retry   (30 minutes)
                                1209600     ;Expire  (14 days)
                                86400)      ;Minimum ( 1 day)
                IN      NS      ns.nobreak.com.
                IN      NS      ns2.nobreak.com.
; IP-Domain mapping here
1               IN      PTR     router.nobreak.com.
2               IN      PTR     ns.nobreak.com.
3               IN      PTR     ns2.nobreak.com.
103             IN      PTR     power.nobreak.com.

loopback ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ À§ÇÑ Reverse Zone ÆÄÀÏ ¶ÇÇÑ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºµÈ´Ù. IP 127.0.0.1À» 'localhost.'·Î ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÀüºÎÀ̹ǷÎ, º» ÆÄÀÏÀº ¾î´À ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡¼­³ª ºñ½ÁÇÏ°Ô ÀÛ¼ºµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

¡Ø loopbackÀ» À§ÇÑ Reverse Zone ÆÄÀÏ /var/named/zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa

@               IN      SOA     ns.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nobreak.com. (
                                1998122801  ;Serial
                                21600       ;Refresh ( 6 hours)
                                1800        ;Retry   (30 minutes)
                                1209600     ;Expire  (14 days)
                                86400)      ;Minimum ( 1 day)
                IN      NS      ns.nobreak.com.
                IN      NS      ns2.nobreak.com.
; IP-Domain mapping here
1               IN      PTR     localhost.

Zone ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀΠǥ±â´Â ¹Ýµå½Ã FQDN Ç¥±â¹ýÀ» µû¶ó¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. BIND´Â µµÆ®·Î ³¡³ªÁö ¾Ê´Â ¹®ÀÚ¿­Àº È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ¸·Î ó¸®ÇϹǷÎ, 'ns.nobreak.com'À» 'ns.nobreak.com.nobreak.com.'À¸·Î Çؼ®ÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ 'ns.nobreak.com.'°ú °°ÀÌ µµÆ®¸¦ ºÙÀÎ FQDNÀ¸·Î Ç¥±âÇϰųª, 'ns'¿Í °°ÀÌ È£½ºÆ®¸í¸¸ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. µµÆ®¸¦ »©¸Ô´Â ½Ç¼ö´Â ¸Å¿ì ºó¹øÈ÷ ¹ß»ýÇϹǷÎ, ÁÖÀÇÇÏÀÚ.

È£½ºÆà ¾÷ü¸¦ À§ÇÑ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º Sample

È£½ºÆþ÷üÀÇ °æ¿ì ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ´Ù¼öÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ÇϳªÀÇ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º·Î °ü¸®ÇÒ ¼ö°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¸¸¾à, È£½ºÆà µµ¸ÞÀκ°·Î º°µµÀÇ ZoneÀ» À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù¸é, È£½ºÆà ¼­¹öÀÇ IP º¯È­¿Í °°ÀÌ °ü·ÃµÈ ¸ðµç ZoneÀÌ ¼öÁ¤µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Â »óȲÀÌ ¿ÀÁö ¾Ê±â¸¦ ±âµµÇϰųª, ¹Ý³ªÀýÀ» ÆíÁý±â¿Í ¾¾¸§ÇÒ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ²ö±â¸¦ ¹è¿ö¾ßÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿©±â¼­ ¼Ò°³ÇÏ´Â ÆÁÀº »ç¿ëÀÚ°¡ ¸¹Àº È£½ºÆà ¾÷üÀϼö·Ï À¯¿ëÇÏ°Ô È°¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, µµ¸ÞÀÎ Ãß°¡/¼öÁ¤/»èÁ¦¿¡ µå´Â ½Ã°£°ú ³ë·ÂÀ» Àý¾àÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

* named.boot (BIND-4)
primary         netbsd.org                      zone-default
primary         openbsd.org                     zone-default
...
primary         freebsd.org                     zone-freebsd.org     ; º°µµÀÇ Ãß°¡ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ °æ¿ì
...

* named.conf (BIND-8)
zone "netbsd.org"       IN { type master; file "zone-default"; };
zone "openbsd.org"      IN { type master; file "zone-default"; };
...
zone "freebsd.org"      IN { type master; file "zone-freebsd.org"; };
...

* zone-default
@               IN      SOA     ns.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nobreak.com. (
                                1999030601  ;serial
                                21600       ;Refresh ( 6 hours)
                                1800        ;Retry   (30 minutes)
                                1209600     ;Expire  (14 days)
                                86400)      ;Minimum ( 1 day)
                IN      NS      ns.nobreak.com.
                IN      NS      ns2.nobreak.com.
                IN      A       210.105.79.39
                IN      MX 10   @
                IN      MX 20   mqueue.nobreak.com.

www             IN      CNAME   @
telnet          IN      CNAME   @
ftp             IN      CNAME   @
mail            IN      CNAME   @
pop             IN      CNAME   @
news            IN      CNAME   news.nobreak.com.

* zone-freebsd.org
$INCLUDE zone-default

ftp.kr          IN      A       147.46.102.39
www.kr          IN      CNAME   @

2.6 Name Server ±¸µ¿

³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ±¸µ¿Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ¸¶¹«¸®µÇ¾ú´Ù. °ü·Ã ÆÄÀϵéÀÌ ÁغñµÇ¾úÀ½À» È®ÀÎÇÑ ÈÄ, ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ±¸µ¿ÇÏÀÚ. ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ °úÁ¤Àº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°´Ù.

¡Ø NS.NOBREAK.COM (BIND-8)
# ls /etc/named.conf     # BIND-8 ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ
/etc/named.conf
# ls /var/named/         # Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ÆÄÀÏ È®ÀÎ
named.root
zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa
zone-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa
zone-nobreak.com
# /usr/sbin/named        # ³×ÀÓ µ¥¸ó ±¸µ¿ (Solaris: /usr/sbin/in.named)
# ps ax | grep named     # ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º µ¿ÀÛ È®ÀÎ (Solaris: ps -e | grep in.named)
  254  ?  S    0:00 named

¡Ø NS2.NOBREAK.COM (BIND-4)
# ls /etc/named.boot      # BIND-4 ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ
/etc/named.boot
# ls /var/named/          # Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ÆÄÀÏ È®ÀÎ
named.root
zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa
# ndc start               # ndc(Name Daemon Control)°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì
Name Server Started
# ndc status
  254  ?  S    0:00 named
# ls /var/named/          # PrimaryÀÇ Zone Àü¼Û¿©ºÎ È®ÀÎ
named.root
sec-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa
sec-nobreak.com
zone-0.0.127.in-addr.arpa

2.7 µ¿ÀÛ È®ÀÎ

¿©±â¿¡¼± [±×¸² 3]ÀÇ °¡»ó ³×Æ®¿öÅ© ±¸¼ºµµ¿¡ µû¸¥ ¼³Á¤À» ´Ù·ç¾úÁö¸¸, ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ºÎºÐÀº ¸ðµÎ Àû¿ëµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ½ÇÁ¦ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ Àû¿ëÇÒ ¶§¿¡µµ °°Àº ´À³¦À¸·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Å¸ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÁúÀǸ¦ ´øÁ®º½À¸·Î½á, Namespace °¡Áö»ó¿¡ Àß ¿¬°áµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ½À» È®ÀÎÇÏÀÚ.

$ nslookup power.nobreak.com ns.nobreak.com   # Primary µ¿ÀÛ È®ÀÎ
Server:  ns.nobreak.com
Address:  0.0.0.0

Name:    power.nobreak.com
Address:  210.105.79.103

$ nslookup power.nobreak.com ns2.nobreak.com  # Secondary µ¿ÀÛ È®ÀÎ
Server:  ns2.nobreak.com
Address:  210.105.79.3

Name:    power.nobreak.com
Address:  210.105.79.103

$ nslookup power.nobreak.com ns.kornet.ne.kr  # Namespace ¸µÅ© È®ÀÎ
Server:  ns.kornet.nm.kr
Address:  168.126.63.1

Name:    power.nobreak.com
Address:  210.105.79.103

À§ÀÇ 3°¡Áö ÁúÀÇ°¡ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ¼öÇàµÇ¾ú´Ù¸é, ÀÏ´Ü ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î ¿î¿ëµÈ´Ù°í »ý°¢Çصµ ÁÁ´Ù. È®½ÇÈ÷ Çϱâ À§Çؼ±, ·Î±×ÆÄÀÏ ºÐ¼®À» ÅëÇØ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ±¸¼º»óÀÇ ¿À·ù¿Í BINDÀÇ µ¿ÀÛ »óŸ¦ »ìÆ캸¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

3. Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®(Resolver) ¼³Á¤

3.1 Unix ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ÀÇ Å¬¶óÀ̾ðÆ® ¼³Á¤

Unix ½Ã½ºÅÛ»ó¿¡¼­ DNS¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â /etc/resolv.conf ÆÄÀÏ°ú, /etc/nsswitch.conf ÆÄÀÏÀ» ¼Õº¸¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. /etc/resolv.conf¿¡´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎ Resolving½Ã Äõ¸®¸¦ ´øÁú ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ 3°³±îÁö ³ª¿­ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ·ÎÄà Primary, Secondary, ISP ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö 3°³¸¦ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸í½ÃÇÑ´Ù.

search nobreak.com       # µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¼­ÇȽº(Suffix)
nameserver 210.105.79.2  # ns.nobreak.com
nameserver 210.105.79.3  # ns2.nobreak.com
nameserver 168.126.63.1  # ns.kornet.ne.kr (»ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ISPÀÇ NS)

'search nobreak.com'Àº È£½ºÆ®¸í¸¸ ÁÖ¾úÀ» °æ¿ì ¼­ÇȽº·Î »ç¿ëÇÒ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ´Ù¸¥ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ È£½ºÆ®¿¡ ÀÚÁÖ Á¢¼ÓÇϰųª, ¿©·¯ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» °ü¸®ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¿©·µ ³õÀ» ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.

search nobreak.com kr.freebsd.org

ÀÌ·± °æ¿ì¿£ È£½ºÆ®¸í www´Â ¸ÕÀú www.nobreak.comÀ¸·Î È®ÀåµÇ¾î °Ë»öµÇ°í, °Ë»öµÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ì www.kr.freebsd.org·Î È®ÀåµÇ¾î ´Ù½Ã °Ë»öµÈ´Ù. À߸øµÈ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ» ÁÖ¾úÀ»¶§µµ, °¡´ÉÇÑ Á¶ÇÕÀ» ¸ðµÎ °Ë»öÇϹǷÎ, ¸¹Àº µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» search ¸®½ºÆ®¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù.

ÀÚÁÖ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸ µµ¸ÞÀÎ º°·Î ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ´Ù¸£°Ô ¼³Á¤ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÁÖ·Î ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ Ä³½¬ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê°í, ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ¼öÁ¤»çÇ×À» Áï°¢ Àû¿ëÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¾²ÀδÙ.

search nobreak.com

domain nobreak.com
nameserver 210.105.79.2
...

domain kornet.ne.kr
nameserver 168.126.63.1
...

È£½ºÆ® ³×ÀÓÀ» DNS·Î È®ÀåÇÏ¿© °Ë»öÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â /etc/nsswitch.conf ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ¶óÀÎ 'hosts:'¿¡ 'dns'°¡ Ãß°¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ±Ù·¡ ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ OS´Â ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ¹èÆ÷µÇÁö¸¸, È®½ÇÈ÷ Çϱâ À§ÇØ È®ÀÎÇÏÀÚ.

hosts:      files dns

'files'´Â È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ» /etc/hosts ÆÄÀÏ¿¡¼­ °Ë»öÇÔÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ½Ã½ºÅÛÀº ÁÖ¾îÁø ¼ø¼­(files, dns)·Î °Ë»öÀ» ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù.

3.2 Microsoft Windows ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ÀÇ Å¬¶óÀ̾ðÆ® ¼³Á¤

Windows¿¡¼­ Unix ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ /etc/resolv.conf ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÏ´Â ¼³Á¤Àº '³×Æ®¿öÅ©'¿¡¼­ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 'Á¦¾îÆÇ'ÀÇ '³×Æ®¿öÅ©' ¸Þ´ºÁß TCP/IP ÇÁ·ÎÅäÄÝÀÇ µî·ÏÁ¤º¸¸¦ ¿­¸é, [±×¸² 4]¿Í °°Àº DNS ¼³Á¤ÅÇÀ» º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

[Image]
[±×¸² 4] Windows NT¿¡¼­ÀÇ Resolver ¼³Á¤¿¹

DNS¿¡ µî·ÏµÈ PCÀÇ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ» 'È£½ºÆ® À̸§'¿¡ ³Ö´Â´Ù. Unix ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ resolv.conf ÆÄÀÏ°ú ºñ±³ÇÏ¿©, 'µµ¸ÞÀÎ'Àº 'domain'¿¡, 'DNS ¼­ºñ½º ã±â ¼ø¼­'´Â 'nameserver'¿¡, 'µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¼­ÇȽº ã±â ¼ø¼­'´Â 'search' ¸®½ºÆ®¿¡ ÇØ´çÇÑ´Ù.

4. µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ (Domain Parenting & Delegation)

¿©·¯ °è¿­»ç¸¦ °®´Â ´ë±â¾÷ÀÇ °æ¿ì, °è¿­»ç¸¦ 'www.core.nobreak.com'°ú °°ÀÌ ¼­ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ¸·Î ºÐ·ùÇÏ¿© ¿î¿µÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÇØ´ç °è¿­»çÀÇ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©°¡ ¹æ´ëÇÒ °æ¿ì, È¿À²ÀûÀÎ °ü¸®¸¦ À§ÇØ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ÇØ´ç °è¿­»ç·Î À§ÀÓÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.

[Image]
[±×¸² 5] Domain Delegation¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Namespace °èÃþµµ

[±×¸² 5]¸¦ º¸ÀÚ.'FreeBSD.ORG' µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº °¢ ±¹°¡º°·Î ¼­ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» À§ÀÓÇÏ¿© ¿î¿µÇÏ°í ÀÖ°í, 'KR.FreeBSD.ORG' µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº °¢ ÇÁ·ÎÁ§Æ® ÆÀÀ» CORE µµ¸ÞÀξƷ¡ À§Ä¡½ÃÅ´À¸·Î ½á, 'doc-kr.core.kr.FreeBSD.org'¿Í °°Àº °èÃþ±¸Á¶¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ¸ðµç °¡Áö¸¦ ÇϳªÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡¼­ °ü¸® ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖÁö¸¸ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ ±Ô¸ð°¡ ºÒ¾î³²¿¡ µû¶ó ÇàÇØÁö´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ °ü¸®´Â Àüü ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ ºÎµå·´°Ô ÇÑ´Ù.

4.1 ºÎ¸ð Zone¿¡¼­ÀÇ ¼­ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎ »ý¼º

¼­ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã À§ÀӵǾî¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ºÎ¸ð Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¿¡ ÇÔ²² Á¤ÀÇµÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿©±â¼­´Â ȸ»ç³» ¸Á°ü¸® ±×·ìÀ» 'NMS.NOBREAK.COM'À¸·Î ºÐ·ùÇÏ°í, ±× ¾Æ·¡ DNS µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» »ý¼ºÇÑ °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù.

* zone-nobreak.com (NS.NOBREAK.COM)
nms                     IN      MX 10   mail.nms
                        IN      MX 20   mail2.nms
dns.nms                 IN      A       150.183.110.53
                        IN      MX 10   mail.nms
                        IN      MX 20   mail2.nms
mail.nms                IN      A       150.183.110.10
mail2.nms               IN      A       150.183.110.11

'NOBREAK.COM'ÀÇ SOA ·¹Äڵ尡 ±×´ë·Î Àû¿ëµÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡, »ý¼ºµÈ ¼­ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎ 'nms.nobreak.com'¿¡ ´ëÇÑ SOA ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø´Ù.

4.2 ¼­ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ

'NMS.NOBREAK.COM'ÀÇ ±Ô¸ð°¡ Ä¿Á® °ü¸®¸¦ ºÐ»ê½ÃÅ°±â À§ÇØ Å¸ ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹ö·Î ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» À§ÀÓÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÒ ¶§¿¡´Â NS ·¹Äڵ带 »ç¿ëÇØ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ·¹ÆÛ·±½Ì ÇØÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº 'NOBREAK.COM' µµ¸ÞÀο¡¼­ 'NMS'¸¦ 'ns.nms.nobreak.com'À¸·Î À§ÀÓÇÑ ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù.

* zone-nobreak.com (NS.NOBREAK.COM)
nms                     IN      NS      ns.nms        ; Delegation
                        IN      NS      ns2.nms
ns.nms                  IN      A       150.183.110.2 ; Glue Record
ns2.nms                 IN      A       150.183.110.3

IP ÁÖ¼Ò´Â A ·¹Äڵ忡¼­¸¸ ¼³Á¤ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ¹Ýµå½Ã ±Û·ç ·¹Äڵ带 »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© NS¿¡ ¿¬°áÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (Âü°í: ``±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå'')

³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö ns.nms.nobreak.com Àº ºÎÆ®ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ À§ÀÓ¹ÞÀº µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ primary ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.

* named.boot (NS.NMS.NOBREAK.COM)
primary         nms.nobreak.com         zone-nms.nobreak.com

±×¸®°í, Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º 'zone-nms.nobreak.com'À» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ´Ù.

* zone-nms.nobreak.com (NS.NMS.NOBREAK.COM)
@               IN      SOA     ns.nms.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nms.nobreak.com. (
                        1999012901  ;Serial
                        21600       ;Refresh ( 6 hours)
                        1800        ;Retry   (30 minutes)
                        1209600     ;Expire  (14 days)
                        86400)      ;Minimum ( 1 day)
                IN      NS      ns.nms.nobreak.com.
                IN      NS      ns2.nms.nobreak.com.
                IN      MX 10   mail
                IN      MX 20   mail2

ns              IN      A       150.183.110.2
ns2             IN      A       150.183.110.3
mail            IN      A       150.183.110.10
mail2           IN      A       150.183.110.11

dns             IN      A       150.183.110.53
                IN      MX 10   mail
                IN      MX 20   mail2

³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö 'ns2.nms.nobreak.com'¸¦ Secondary·Î ¼³Á¤Çϱâ À§ÇØ ºÎÆ®ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ÙÀ½À» Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù.

* named.boot (NS2.NMS.NOBREAK.COM)
secondary       nms.nobreak.com  150.183.110.2  sec-nms.nobreak.com

ÀÌÁ¦ ns, ns.nms, ns2.nmsÀÇ BIND¸¦ ¸ðµÎ Çà¾÷ÇÑÈÄ, ¿ÜºÎ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ÅëÇØ µ¿ÀÛÀ» È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù.

$ nslookup  -type=NS  nms.nobreak.com  ns.kornet.ne.kr
nms.nobreak.com nameserver = ns.nms.nobreak.com
nms.nobreak.com nameserver = ns2.nms.nobreak.com

$ nslookup  dns.nms.nobreak.com  ns.kornet.ne.kr
Name:    dns.nms.nobreak.com
Address:  150.183.110.53

4.3 ¿ÁÅÝ ±â¹Ý in-addr.arpa À§ÀÓ

'NOBREAK.COM'ÀÌ B Ŭ·¡½º 150.183À» ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇÒ´ç¹Þ¾Ò°í, NMS.NOBREAK.COMÀº ±×Áß ¼­ºê³Ý 150.183.110À» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù°í °¡Á¤ÇÏÀÚ.

$ nslookup  -type=NS  183.150.in-addr.arpa
183.150.in-addr.arpa    nameserver = ns.nobreak.com
183.150.in-addr.arpa    nameserver = ns2.nobreak.com

¿ÁÅÝ ´ÜÀ§ÀÇ Inverse µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓÀº ¼­ºê µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ°ú °°Àº ´À³¦À¸·Î ¼ö¿ùÇÏ°Ô ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº '183.150.in-addr.arpa'¿¡¼­ '110.183.150.in-addr.arpa'À» À§ÀÓÇϱâ À§ÇÑ Zone ¼³Á¤ÀÌ´Ù.

* zone-183.150.in-addr.arpa (NS.NOBREAK.COM)
110             IN      NS      ns.nms.nobreak.com.
                IN      NS      ns2.nms.nobreak.com.

±×¸®°í, 'ns.nms.nobreak.com'°ú 'ns2.nms.nobreak.com'¿¡ primary, secondary ¼³Á¤À» ³Ö°í Inverse Zone ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ý¼ºÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓÀÌ ¸¶¹«¸® µÈ´Ù.

* named.boot (NS.NMS.NOBREAK.COM)
primary         110.183.150.in-addr.arpa        zone-110.183.150.in-addr.arpa

* named.boot (NS2.NMS.NOBREAK.COM)
secondary       110.183.150.in-addr.arpa        150.183.110.2   sec-110.183.150.in-addr.arpa

* zone-110.183.150.in-addr.arpa (NS.NMS.NOBREAK.COM)
@               IN      SOA     ns.nms.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nms.nobreak.com. (
                        1999012901  ;Serial
                        21600       ;Refresh ( 6 hours)
                        1800        ;Retry   (30 minutes)
                        1209600     ;Expire  (14 days)
                        86400)      ;Minimum ( 1 day)
                IN      NS      ns.nms.nobreak.com.
                IN      NS      ns2.nms.nobreak.com.

2               IN      PTR     ns.nms.nobreak.com.
3               IN      PTR     ns2.nms.nobreak.com.
10              IN      PTR     mail.nms.nobreak.com.
11              IN      PTR     mail2.nms.nobreak.com.
53              IN      PTR     dns.nms.nobreak.com.

4.4 Classless in-addr.arpa À§ÀÓ (Âü°í: RFC2317)

µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓÀº µµÆ®·Î ºÐ¸®µÇ´Â ¼¼±×¸ÕÆ® ȤÀº ¿ÁÅÝ(octet) ±â¹ÝÀ¸·Î ¼³°èµÇ¾ú±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ¿ÁÅÝ ±â¹ÝÀÇ Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ¿£ º°´Ù¸¥ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾ø´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ¼¼±×¸ÕÆ®¸¦ ³ª´©¾î 210.105.79.1-128 ±îÁö´Â 'nobreak.com'ÀÌ 129-256±îÁö´Â 'nms.nobreak.com'ÀÌ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓÀÌ ¼ö¿ùÄ¡ ¾Ê´Ù.

°°Àº ±â°üÀÌ ÆíÀÇ»ó ³ª´©´Â °ÍÀ̶ó¸é, Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ÇÑÇØ À§ÀÓÄ¡ ¾Ê°í, Áß¾Ó¿¡¼­ ÅëÇÕ°ü¸®ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϳª, IP °í°¥·Î ÀÎÇØ ISPµéÀÌ Å¬·¡½º¸¦ ÇÒÇÁ(half) ¶Ç´Â ´õ Àß°Ô ³ª´©¾î ¹è±ÞÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ±â°üµé »çÀÌ¿¡¼­´Â ÇÑÂÊ ±â°üÀÇ ÇÇÇØ°¡ ¾øµµ·Ï À§ÀÓÀÌ ¹è·ÁµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ°Ú´Ù.

ù¹ø° ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î´Â 79.105.210.in-addr.arpaÀÇ ¼³Á¤¿¡ À־ 129-256(B¿¡ ÇÒ´çµÈ)±îÁöÀÇ IP ºí·°À» NS ·¹Äڵ带 »ç¿ëÇØ ¸ðµÎ NS ns.nms.nobreak.com·Î ·¹ÆÛ·±½Ì ÇØÁØ´Ù. '79.105.210.in-addr.arpa'¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅÍ º£À̽º' ÀÛ¼º ¿¹¸¦ º¸ÀÚ.

* zone-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa (NS.NOBREAK.COM)
2               IN      PTR     ns.nobreak.com.
3               IN      PTR     ns2.nobreak.com.
...
129             IN      NS      ns.nms.nobreak.com.   # 129-254±îÁö À§ÀÓ
                IN      NS      ns2.nms.nobreak.com.
...
254             IN      NS      ns.nms.nobreak.com.
                IN      NS      ns2.nms.nobreak.com.

NS ·¹Äڵ带 »ç¿ëÇØ Æä¾î¸°Æà Ç߱⠶§¹®¿¡, NS.NMS.NOBREAK.COMÀÇ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ¿¡´Â IP 129-254¿¡ ´ëÇØ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸ðµÎ primary ¼³Á¤ÀÌ µé¾î°¡ ÀÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Á¶±Ý ¹ø°Å·Î¿î ¸éÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

* named.boot (NS.NMS.NOBREAK.COM)
primary  129.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa  zone-129.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa
...
primary  254.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa  zone-254.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa

¶ÇÇÑ, °¢ Zone ÆÄÀÏ 129.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa - 254.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa´Â ¸ðµÎ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î ÀÛ¼ºµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

* zone-129.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa (NS.NMS.NOBREAK.COM)
@               IN      SOA     ns.nms.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nms.nobreak.com. (
                        1999012901  ;Serial
                        21600       ;Refresh ( 6 hours)
                        1800        ;Retry   (30 minutes)
                        1209600     ;Expire  (14 days)
                        86400)      ;Minimum ( 1 day)
                IN      NS      ns.nms.nobreak.com.
                IN      NS      ns2.nms.nobreak.com.
                IN      PTR     dns.nms.nobreak.com.

* zone-130.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa (NS.NMS.NOBREAK.COM)
@               IN      SOA     ns.nms.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nms.nobreak.com. (
                        1999012901  ;Serial
                        21600       ;Refresh ( 6 hours)
                        1800        ;Retry   (30 minutes)
                        1209600     ;Expire  (14 days)
                        86400)      ;Minimum ( 1 day)
                IN      NS      ns.nms.nobreak.com.
                IN      NS      ns2.nms.nobreak.com.
                IN      PTR     dhcp.nms.nobreak.com.

IPv4´Â 4°³ÀÇ ¿ÁÅÝÀ¸·Î ±¸ºÐµÇ°í, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¸¶Áö¸· 4¹ø° ¿ÁÅÝ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Zone À̹ǷÎ, Ãß°¡ÀûÀÎ Á¤ÀÇ°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

ÀÌ ¹æ¹ýÀº À§ÀÓµÈ IP °³¼ö¸¸Å­ÀÇ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º°¡ ¿ä±¸µÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ¹ø°Å·Î¿ö ½ÇÁ¦·Î´Â °ÅÀÇ »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Âµ¥, µµ¸ÞÀÎ ÆäÀÌ·±ÆÃÀÇ ÇÑ°è¿Í ´À³¦À» Àü´ÞÇÏ°íÀÚ ¼Ò°³ÇÏ¿´´Ù.

¿©±â Á¶±Ý ¼¼·ÃµÈ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.

* zone-79.105.210.in-addr.arpa (NS.NOBREAK.COM)
2               IN      PTR     ns.nobreak.com.
3               IN      PTR     ns2.nobreak.com.
...
129             IN      CNAME   129.nms.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa.
...
254             IN      CNAME   254.nms.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa.
nms             IN      NS      ns.nms.nobreak.com.
                IN      NS      ns2.nms.nobreak.com.

Namespace »ó¿¡¼­ Inverse µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» À§ÇÑ 'in-addr.arpa' °¡Áö¿Í, ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¹®ÀÚ µµ¸ÞÀÎ °¡ÁöÀÇ ±â¼úÀû Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ÀüÇô ¾øÀ½À» »ó±âÇÏÀÚ. ÆíÀÇ»ó arpa µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» IP ¸ÅÇοëÀ¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °Í »ÓÀÌ´Ï, 'nms.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa'¿Í °°Àº µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¸¸µé°í ÆоÆÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ°í, ¿©±â¼­´Â ÀÌÁ¡À» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ Classless in-addr.arpa¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù.

Áï '129.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa'´Â '129.nms.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa'¸¦ CNAME Çϴµ¥, 'nms.79.104.210.in-addr.arpa'ÀÇ primary´Â 'ns.nms.nobreak.com' À̹ǷÎ, °á±¹ À§ÀÓÀº ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ¼º¸³µÈ´Ù.

* named.boot (NS.NMS.NOBREAK.COM)
primary  nms.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa  zone-nms.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa

* zone-nms.79.105.210.in-addr.arpa (NS.NMS.NOBREAK.COM)
@               IN      SOA     ns.nms.nobreak.com. hostmaster.nms.nobreak.com. (
                                1999012901  ;Serial
                                21600       ;Refresh ( 6 hours)
                                1800        ;Retry   (30 minutes)
                                1209600     ;Expire  (14 days)
                                86400)      ;Minimum ( 1 day)
                IN      NS      ns.nms.nobreak.com.
                IN      NS      ns2.nms.nobreak.com.

129             IN      PTR     dns.nms.nobreak.com.
130             IN      PTR     mail.nms.nobreak.com.
...
254             IN      PTR     layla.nms.nobreak.com.

129-254±îÁöÀÇ PTRÀ» ¿©±â¿¡ ¸ðµÎ ³ª¿­ÇÑ´Ù. 79.105.210.in-addr.arpa Zone¿¡¼­ °¢ IP¸¦ ¸ðµÎ CNAMEÀ¸·Î Àâ¾ÆÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Â ºÒÆíÇÔÀ» »©¸é ÇöÀçÀÇ DNS ¾Ë°í¸®Áò»ó¿¡¼± ÃÖ¼±ÀÇ ¹æ¾ÈÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ°¡ ÇÑ´Ù.

¼­·Î ´Ù¸¥ ±â°üÀ¸·Î ÇÒ´çµÈ ÂÉ°³¾îÁø ÇϳªÀÇ Class¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Reverse µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓÀº ISP ´Ü°è¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁ®¾ß ÇÏÁö¸¸, ½ÇÁ¦ ISPµéÀº Class ´ÜÀ§·Î¸¸ À§ÀÓ󸮸¦ Çϴ°æ¿ì°¡ ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ¿©¼­, ÇØ´ç Class Àüü¸¦ ÇÑÂÊ ±â°üÀ¸·Î À§ÀÓÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì°¡ ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â À§ÀÓ¹ÞÀº ±â°ü¿¡¼­ Ÿ ±â°üÀ¸·Î ÇÒ´çµÈ IP ºí¶ôÀ» ¼Ò°³ÇÑ ¹æ¹ý°ú °°ÀÌ ·¹ÆÛ·±½Ì ÇØÁÖ¾î Ÿ ±â°üÀÇ ÇÇÇØ°¡ ¾øµµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ. ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ºñ·ÔÇÏ¿© Public IP¸¦ °®´Â È£½ºÆ®(PC¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿©)°¡ Reverse ¸ÅÇÎÀÌ ¾ÈµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ¸î¸î ¼­ºñ½ºÀÇ »ç¿ëÀÌ °ÅºÎµÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ÇØ´ç È£½ºÆ®·ÎÀÇ Reverse Resolving µô·¹ÀÌ°¡ Áõ°¡Çϴµî Å©°í ÀÛÀº ÀáÀçÀû ¹®Á¦°¡ ¾ß±âµÈ´Ù.

Classless in-addr.arpa À§ÀÓ°ú´Â Á¶±Ý ´Ù¸£°Ô, ´Ù¼öÀÇ C Ŭ·¡½º '210.105.79 - 210.105.81'¸¦ ÇÒ´ç¹Þ¾Ò°í, ÀÌÁß 81 ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¸¦ À§ÀÓÄÚÀÚÇÒ °æ¿ì¸¦ »ý°¢Çغ¸ÀÚ. ÇÑ°¡Áö ¹æ¹ýÀº, ÇØ´ç ISP¿¡ 81.105.210.in-addr.arpa¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö º¯°æ ½Åû¸¸À» ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ°ÚÁö¸¸, º¸ÅëÀº ÀÌ·¸°Ô ÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í, ¿©±â¼­ ¼³¸íÇÏ´Â °Í°ú °°ÀÌ Namespace»óÀÇ ¸µÅ©°¡ ÇØ´ç ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ ³×ÀÓ ¼­¹ö¿¡ÀÇÇØ Æ÷ÀÎÆà µÇµµ·ÏÇÏ¿©, ³×Æ®¿öÅ©ÀÇ º¯µ¿¿¡ ºü¸£°Ô ´ëóÅä·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.

5. DNS¿Í Sendmail

5.1 MX(Mail eXchange) ¾Ë°í¸®Áò

MX ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ÇØ´ç È£½ºÆ®·Î ¼ö½ÅµÇ´Â ÆíÁö¸¦ ´Ù¸¥ È£½ºÆ®·Î ¶ó¿ìÆà Çϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ø°Ý È£½ºÆ®¿¡¼­ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼³Á¤µÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎ, NOBREAK.COMÀ¸·Î ÆíÁö¸¦ ¼Û½ÅÇÒ °æ¿ì¿¡ SendmailÀÇ µ¿ÀÛÀ» ¾Ë¾Æº¸ÀÚ.

nobreak.com.            IN      MX 10   layla.nobreak.com.
                        IN      MX 20   marie.nobreak.com.
                        IN      MX 20   suzi.nobreak.com.

  1. ·ÎÄÃÈ£½ºÆ®°¡ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ ÀÎÁõÀ» °®´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù.
  2. layla·Î ¹è´ÞÀ» ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù.
  3. marie ȤÀº suzi·Î ¹è´ÞÀ» ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù.
  4. (3)¿¡¼­ ½ÃµµµÇÁö ¾ÊÀº È£½ºÆ®·Î ¹è´ÞÀ» ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù.
  5. ÀÚü Å¥À× ÈÄ, ÀÏÁ¤ ±â°£µ¿¾È ÁÖ±âÀûÀ¸·Î 2-4ÀÇ °úÁ¤À» ¹Ýº¹ÇÑ´Ù.

ÈçÈ÷ °®´Â À߸øµÈ MXÀÇ ÀÌÇØ Áß Çϳª´Â, layla°¡ ´Ù¿îµÇ¾î marie·Î ÆíÁö°¡ ¹è´ÞµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§, ÆíÁö°¡ marieÀÇ ¸ÞÀϹڽº¿¡ ÀúÀå µÈ´Ù´Â »ý°¢À¸·Î, ´Ù¼öÀÇ MX ·¹ÄÚµå ¼³Á¤À» ²¨¸®´Â °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ·¸°Ô µÇ¸é, »ç¿ëÀÚ °èÁ¤À» ¾çÂÊ È£½ºÆ®¿¡ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿© µÎ¾î¾ß Çϸç, »ç¿ëÀÚ´Â ¸Å¹ø ¾çÂÊÀÇ °èÁ¤À» ¸ðµÎ È®ÀÎÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â ³ëÆÄ½É ¶§¹®ÀÏÅÙµ¥, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ³·Àº priority¸¦ °®´Â È£½ºÆ®´Â Å¥À×¼­¹ö·Î µ¿ÀÛÇϵµ·Ï ¼³Á¤Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ °á±¹ ÆíÁö´Â ÇϳªÀÇ È£½ºÆ®(layla)·Î Áý°á µÈ´Ù. À§ÀÇ °æ¿ì marie¿Í suziÀÇ SendmailÀÌ ´ÙÀ½ Á¶°ÇÀ» ¸¸Á·Çϵµ·Ï ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸é ¸ÞÀÏ Å¥À×¼­¹ö·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù.

  1. ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎ(nobreak.com)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÎÁõÀ» °®Áö ¾Ê¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.
  2. ¼­¹ö´Â ÇØ´ç È£½ºÆ®·ÎÀÇ ¸ÞÀÏ ¸±·¹ÀÌ(Relay)¸¦ Çã¿ëÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

ÀÎÁõÀ» °®Áö ¾Ê¾Æ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº SendmailÀÇ w Ŭ·¡½º(sendmail.cw ȤÀº sendmail.cfÀÇ Cw)¿¡ nobreak.com µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ ¾ø¾î¾ß ÇÔÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ°í, ¸ÞÀÏ ¸±·¹À̶õ ¼ö½ÅµÇ´Â ÆíÁöÀÇ ÃÖÁ¾ ¹è´ÞÁö°¡ ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¾Æ´Ò °æ¿ì, Áï ÀÎÁõÀ» °®Áö ¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ì ÆíÁö¸¦ ÇØ´ç È£½ºÆ®·Î Æ÷¿öµùÇÔÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ±Ù·¡ÀÇ ¸î¸î OS ¹èÆ÷ÆǵéÀº ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î SendmailÀÌ ¸±·¹À̸¦ °ÅºÎÇϵµ·Ï ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î Àִµ¥, ÀÌ·¯ÇÒ °æ¿ì ÇØ´ç È£½ºÆ®´Â Å¥À×¼­¹ö·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¸øÇÔ¿¡ À¯ÀÇÇÏÀÚ. º¸Åë ±â°üÀÇ SMTP ¼­¹ö´Â ŸÀο¡ ÀÇÇÑ ³²¿ëÀ» ¸·±âÀ§ÇØ ³»ºÎ IP(ȤÀº µµ¸ÞÀÎ)¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­¸¸ ¸±·¹À̸¦ Çã¿ëÇϵµ·Ï ¼³Á¤ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¸ÞÀÏ Å¥À× ¼­¹öÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â º» ǻó¸¦ ²ô°Å³ª ÇØ´ç È£½ºÆ®¸¦ ¸ñÀûÁö·Î ÇÏ´Â ÆíÁö¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ¸±·¹À̸¦ Çã¿ëÇϵµ·Ï(ÀÌ ¸»ÀÇ ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â ¹Ù¸¦ Àß ¸ð¸£°Ú´Ù¸é, ¸ðµç IP¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸±·¹À̸¦ Çã¿ëÅä·Ï ¼³Á¤Ç϶ó) Á¶Á¤ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. (Âü°í: ``Allowing controlled SMTP relaying in Sendmail 8.9'')

laylaÀÇ ¼ö½Å ºÒ´ÉÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ marie·Î Àü´ÞµÇ´Â ÆíÁö´Â ¸ÞÀÏÅ¥¿¡ ÀúÀåµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸¸é¼­, ÀÏÁ¤ ±â°£(Sendmail.cf¿¡¼­ ÁöÁ¤µÈ Timeout.queuereturn=5d ¸¸Å­)µ¿¾È ÁÖ±âÀû(Sendmail ±¸µ¿½Ã ÁöÁ¤µÈ, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î 30ºÐ -q30m)À¸·Î ¹è´ÞÀÌ ½ÃµµµÈ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ ¹Ýµå½Ã layla¸¸ÀÌ NOBREAK.COM¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÎÁõÀ» °¡Á®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

* laylaÀÇ /etc/sendmail.cw (Solaris: /etc/mail/sendmail.cw)
nobreak.com

marie¿Í suzi°¡ ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§°¡ °°´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡¼­ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¹«ÇÑ·çÇÁ ½Ã³ª¸®¿À¸¦ »ý°¢ÇØ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. layla°¡ ´Ù¿îµÇ¾úÀ» °æ¿ì ÆíÁö´Â marie(ȤÀº suzi)·Î ¹è´ÞµÉ °ÍÀÌ°í, ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Å¥À×¼­¹öÀÎ marie´Â ´Ù½Ã MX ¸®½ºÆ®ÀÇ ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§¿¡ ÀÔ°¢ÇÏ¿© Æ÷À§µùÀ» ½ÃµµÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. °á±¹ ÆíÁö´Â suzi·Î ¹è´ÞµÉ °ÍÀÌ°í suzi ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ °úÁ¤À» ¹Ýº¹ÇÑ´Ù.

Á¤¸» ±×·²±î? ±×·²¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ SendmailÀº ÆíÁö¸¦ Æ÷¿öµù ÇϱâÀü¿¡ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ MX ¸®½ºÆ®¸¦ ÆľÇÇÏ°í, ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÎÁõµÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎ(sendmail.cw¿¡ ±â·ÏµÈ)ÀÌ Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´ÂÁö È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù. ¸¸¾à Æ÷ÇԵǾî ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ¸ÅĪµÇ´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÁß °¡Àå ³ôÀº(´Ù¼ö°¡ ¸ÅĪ µÉ ¼öµµ Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡) ¿ì¼±¼øÀ§¸¦ °®´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿© °°°Å³ª ÀûÀº(MX °ªÀÌ Å«) ·¹Äڵ带 MX ¸®½ºÆ®¿¡¼­ Á¦¿ÜÇÑ´Ù.

nobreak.com.            IN      MX 10   layla.nobreak.com.
                        IN      MX 20   marie.nobreak.com. (Á¦¿Ü)
                        IN      MX 20   suzi.nobreak.com.  (Á¦¿Ü)

°á±¹ marieÀÇ SendmailÀÌ À¯ÁöÇÏ´Â MX ¸®½ºÆ®¿¡´Â layla¸¸ÀÌ ³²°ÔµÇ°í, ±â´ëÇÑ ¹Ù´ë·Î ÆíÁö´Â layla°¡ Á¤»ó¿î¿µµÉ¶§ ±îÁö Å¥À׵ȴÙ.

nobreak.com.            IN      MX 10   layla.nobreak.com.

±×·¯³ª ¸¸¾à SendmailÀÌ ÀÚ½ÅÀ» MX ¸®½ºÆ®¿¡¼­ ãÁö ¸øÇϸé(sendmail.cw¿¡ 'marie.nobreak.com'ÀÌ µî·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸é), suzi·ÎÀÇ ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ Æ÷¿öµùÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ °ÍÀÌ°í, ºÒÇàÈ÷ suzi ¶ÇÇÑ °°Àº »óȲÀ̶ó¸é, °á±¹ ¹«ÇÑ·çÇÁ¿¡ ºüÁú¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. SendmailÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ÃÖ¾ÇÀÇ »óȲÀ» ¸·±âÀ§ÇØ, ÃÖ´ë Æ÷¿öµù Ƚ¼ö Á¦ÇÑ(Sendmail.cfÀÇ MaxHopCount=17, ±âº»°ª 25)À» °®°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, °á±¹ marie³ª suziÁß MaxHopCount¿¡ ¸ÕÀú °É¸®´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ °ü¸®ÀÚ(postmaster)¿Í ¼Û½ÅÀÚ¿¡°Ô ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ³»¿ëÀÇ ¿À·ù ÆíÁö¸¦ º¸³»¾îÁÙ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

From: Mail Delivery Subsystem
To: postmaster@marie.nobreak.com
Subject: Returned mail: Too many hops 26 (25 max):...

----- The following addresses had permanent fatal errors -----

 ----- Transcript of session follows -----
554 Too many hops 26 (25 max):...
===========================================================
Received: from suzi.nobreak.com by marie.nobreak.com ...
Received: from marie.nobreak.com by suzi.nobreak.com ...
...
Received: from suzi.nobreak.com by marie.nobreak.com ...
Received: from marie.nobreak.com by suzi.nobreak.com ...
...

´ÙÀ½Àº ´ÜÀÏ Å¥À× ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ À§¿Í°°Àº ·çÇÁ°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏ¿´À» °æ¿ìÀÇ ¸ÞÀÏ ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÌ´Ù.

nobreak.com.            IN      MX 10   layla.nobreak.com.
                        IN      MX 20   marie.nobreak.com.

From: Mail Delivery Subsystem
To: postmaster@marie.nobreak.com
Subject: Returned mail: Local configuration error

----- The following addresses had permanent fatal errors -----

 ----- Transcript of session follows -----
553 marie.nobreak.com. config error: mail loops back to me (MX problem?)
554 ... Local configuration error
===========================================================
...

DNS¿¡ µî·ÏµÇ¾î Æ÷ÀÎÆõǴ ȣ½ºÆ®¸íÀ» sendmail.cw¿¡ ³ª¿­ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ» °æ¿ì ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¹®Á¦¿¡ ´ëÇØ È®½ÅÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Ù¸é, aliasµÈ ¸ðµç È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ» sendmail.cw ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔÇϱ⠹ٶõ´Ù.

5.2 MX ·¹Äڵ带 °®Áö ¾Ê´Â È£½ºÆ®

È£½ºÆ®°¡ ÆíÁö¸¦ ¼ö½ÅÇÑ´Ù¸é MX ·¹Äڵ带 °®´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù.

mailhub         IN      A       210.105.79.107

È£½ºÆ® mailhub´Â ¼ö½ÅµÇ´Â ÆíÁö¸¦ ´Ù¸¥ È£½ºÆ®·Î ¶ó¿ìÆÃÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡, °ü¸®ÀÚ´Â MX ·¹Äڵ带 ¼³Á¤ÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. ¹°·Ð ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ¿À·ù´Â ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ °æ¿ì ÀÎÅͳݻóÀÇ ÇÑ MTA°¡ mailhub·Î ÆíÁö¸¦ ¼Û½ÅÇÒ¶§ ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ Æ®·¡ÇÈ ³¶ºñ°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

SendmailÀÇ °æ¿ì¸¦ »ìÆ캸ÀÚ. ¸ÕÀú SendmailÀº ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ÅëÇØ mailhub¸¦ lookup(type=any) ÇÑ´Ù. Authoritative ȤÀº Non-authoritative Answer·Î A ·¹Äڵ常À» µ¹·Á¹Þ°Ô µÉÅÙµ¥, Authoritative AnswerÀÇ °æ¿ì MX ·¹Äڵ尡 ¾øÀ»Áö¶óµµ °á°ú¸¦ ½Å·ÚÇÏ¿© Ãß°¡ ÁúÀÇ ¾øÀÌ ÇØ´ç IP·Î Á¢¼ÓÀ» ½ÃµµÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ MX ·¹Äڵ尡 ¾ø´Â Non-authoritative Answer¿¡ ´ëÇØ SendmailÀº ¸í½ÃÀûÀ¸·Î MX ·¹Äڵ带 Àç °Ë»öÇÑ´Ù. ¹°·Ð mailhub´Â MX ·¹Äڵ带 °®Áö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡ º¹±Í°ªÀº ¾ø°í ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÁúÀǸ¸À» ¼öÇàÇÏ¿´À» »ÓÀÌ´Ù. ÆíÁö¸¦ ¹è´ÞÇÑ´Ù´Â Á¡¿¡´Â µÎ °æ¿ì ¸ðµÎ ÀüÇô ¹®Á¦ ¾øÁö¸¸, ÈÄÀÚÀÇ °æ¿ì¿Í °°Àº ³¶ºñ¸¦ ¸·±â À§Çؼ­ mailhub´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼³Á¤µÇ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÏ´Ù.

mailhub         IN      A       210.105.79.107
                IN      MX 10   mailhub.nobreak.com.

mailhub ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ÃÖÁ¾ ÆíÁö ¹è´ÞÁöÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡, ÀÚ½ÅÀ» MX·Î ¼³Á¤Çß´Ù. ÀÌ·¸µí, ÆíÁö¸¦ ¼ö½ÅÇÏ´Â ¸ðµç È£½ºÆ®´Â ºñ·Ï ÀÚ±â ÀÚ½ÅÀÏÁö¶óµµ ÇÑ°³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ MX ·¹Äڵ带 °®´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù.

5.3 MX¿Í CNAMEÀÇ ¿¬µ¿ (Âü°í RFC974 p5)

MX ·¹Äڵ带 CNAME°ú ¿¬°áÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¸Å¿ì ¾È ÁÁÀº »ý°¢ÀÌ´Ù. »ç½Ç °ü·Ã RFC ¹®¼­ ¾îµð¿¡µµ ¾ÆÁ÷ MX ·¹ÄÚµå¿Í CNAMEÀÇ ¿¬µ¿¿¡ ´ëÇØ ÁÖÀÇ ¼öÁØÀ» ³Ñ¾î ¸íÈ®È÷ Á¦ÇÑÀ» µÐ ±ÛÀÌ ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ç¿ëÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã ¾È µÈ´Ù°í ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö´Â ¾øÁö¸¸, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ Ãß°¡ Äõ¸®·Î ÀÎÇØ ¹ß»ýµÇ´Â Æ®·¡ÇÈÀ» »çÀ¯·Î ¿À·£ ±â°£ À߸øµÈ »ç¿ëÀ¸·Î ÀÎ½ÄµÇ¾î ¿Ô°í, ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ °ü·Ã¹®¼­¿¡¼­´Â °°Àº ¿¬À¯·Î °­·ÂÈ÷ »ç¿ëÄ¡ ¸»±â¸¦ ±ÇÇÑ´Ù.

layla           IN      MX 10   marie.nobreak.com.
marie           IN      CNAME   suzi.nobreak.com.
suzi            IN      CNAME   mailhub.nobreak.com.
mailhub         IN      A       210.105.79.75
                IN      MX 10   mailhub.nobreak.com.

* layla·Î ÆíÁö¸¦ ¹è´ÞÇϱâ À§ÇÑ lookup °úÁ¤
1. lookup layla.nobreak.com   -> return marie.nobreak.com
2. lookup marie.nobreak.com   -> return suzi.nobreak.com
3. lookup suzi.nobreak.com    -> return mailhub.nobreak.com
4. lookup mailhub.nobreak.com -> return 210.105.79.75

´À½¼ÇÑ Ç¥ÁØÀ¸·Î ÀÎÇØ °¢°¢ÀÇ ÀÀ¿ë¸¶´Ù Á¶±Ý¾¿ ±¸ÇöÀÌ ´Ù¸¥µ¥, ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀ¸·Î BINDÀÇ °æ¿ì´Â À̸¦ À߸øµÈ »ç¿ë(``layla.nobreak.com'' IN MX points to a CNAME marie.nobreak.com)À̶ó Syslog¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¾Ë·ÁÁֽø¸, ¸î¸î MTA¿Í Sendmail´Â À̸¦ ¼ö¿ë(±ÇÀåÇÏÁö´Â ¾ÊÁö¸¸)ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ¸î¸î MTA°¡ ÇØ´ç ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ¸·Î ÆíÁö¸¦ ¹è´ÞÇÏÁö ¸øÇÏ´Â ÀáÀçÀû ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¾È°íÀֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, MX¿Í CNAMEÀÇ ¿¬µ¿Àº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ÁÁÁö ¾Ê°í, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ °íÃÄÁ®¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

layla           IN      MX 10   mailhub.nobreak.com.
marie           IN      CNAME   mailhub.nobreak.com.
suzi            IN      CNAME   mailhub.nobreak.com.
mailhub         IN      A       210.105.79.75
                IN      MX 10   mailhub.nobreak.com.

¶ÇÇÑ, ÆíÁö ¼Û½ÅÀü SendmailÀº ¼ö½ÅÀÎÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ CNAMEÀ» ½ÇÁ¦ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ¸·Î ¼öÁ¤ÇÑÈÄ ¹è´ÞÇÔ¿¡ À¯ÀÇÇÏÀÚ. Áï 'user@marie.nobreak.com'·Î º¸³»¾îÁö´Â ÆíÁö´Â, 'user@mailhub.nobreak.com'À¸·Î ¹ø¿ªµÈ ÈÄ ¼Û½ÅµÇ¸ç, ÀÌ´Â ¼ö½ÅÀÎÀÇ ÆíÁö Çì´õ¿¡ Ç¥½ÃµÇ´Â To: Á¤º¸°¡ 'user@marie.nobreak.com'ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ñ 'user@mailhub.nobreak.com'ÀÓÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. Áß¿äÇÑ °ÍÀº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ º¯È¯ÀÛ¾÷ÀÌ ¼Û½ÅÀü¿¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁø´Ù´Â Á¡À̸ç, À̴ ȥ¶õÀ» ¾ß±âÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ÃßÈÄ ¼³¸íÇÒ SendmailÀÇ Virtual Domain ¼³Á¤¿¡¼­ ±â´ëÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº ¸ÅÇÎ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¹ß»ý½Ãų ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ CNAMEÀ¸·Î ÁöÁ¤µÈ È£½ºÆ®´Â ¸ÞÀÏÁÖ¼Ò·Î »ç¿ëÇÏÁö ¸»°Å³ª, CNAME ´ë½Å A ·¹ÄÚµå¿Í MX ·¹Äڵ带 »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù.

5.4 Nonrecursive MX lookup

´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº °æ¿ì, mailhub·Î ¹è´ÞµÇ´Â ÆíÁö¸¦ °í·ÁÇغ¸ÀÚ. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ÆíÁö°¡ mx2·Î ¹è´ÞµÇ¸®¶ó ±â´ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, SendmailÀº MX ·¹Äڵ忡´ëÇØ Nonrecursive Çϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ½ÇÁ¦ ÆíÁö´Â mx1(¹Ýµå½Ã A ·¹Äڵ带 °®¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù)À¸·Î ¹è´ÞµÈ´Ù.

mailhub         IN      MX 10   mx1.nobreak.com.
mx1             IN      MX 10   mx2.nobreak.com.
                IN      A       210.105.79.231

¸¸¾à SendmailÀÌ MX ·¹Äڵ带 CNAME°°ÀÌ RecursiveÇÏ°Ô ÂѾư£´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ÀáÀçÀûÀÎ ·çÇÁ¸¦ Çã¿ëÇÏ°Ô µÇ¹Ç·Î, SendmailÀº MX ·¹Äڵ带 ÂѾư¡Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.

mailhub         IN      MX 10   mx1.nobreak.com.
mx1             IN      MX 10   mx2.nobreak.com.
mx2             IN      MX 10   mailhub.nobreak.com.   ; Loop

5.5 SendmailÀÇ Virtual Domain ¼³Á¤

ÇϳªÀÇ È£½ºÆ®¿¡ ¿¬°áµÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎ 'nobreak.com'°ú 'kr.freebsd.org'¿¡ ´ëÇØ, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î 'nobreak@nobreak.com'°ú 'nobreak@kr.freebsd.org'ÀÇ ¼ö½ÅÀÚ´Â °°´Ù. ¿©±â¿¡¼­´Â °¢°¢ÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀκ°·Î aliases Å×À̺íÀ» °®´Â °Í°ú °°ÀÌ, µµ¸ÞÀο¡ µû¶ó ¼ö½ÅµÇ´Â ÆíÁö¸¦ ´Ù¸£°Ô ó¸®ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ý¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë¾Æº»´Ù. º» ±ÛÀÌ SendmailÀ» ÁÖÁ¦·Î ÇÏÁö´Â ¾Ê±â¿¡, SendmailÀ» ¾î´À Á¤µµ ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °¡Á¤À¸·Î °ñÀÚ³»¿ë¸¸À» ´Ù·çµµ·Ï ÇÏ°Ú´Ù. Sendmail¿¡ Àͼ÷Ä¡ ¾Ê´Ù¸é ³»¿ëÀ» ÀÌÇØÇϱâ À§ÇØ RuleSet, m4, aliases, dbm/btree/hash µî¿¡ ´ëÇÑ »çÀüÇнÀÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù.

¼³¸íÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀº Sendmail 8.8 À̻󿡼­ °¡´ÉÇϹǷÎ,¸ÕÀú ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¼³Ä¡µÈ ¹öÁ¯À» È®ÀÎÇÑ´Ù.

$ telnet localhost smtp
Trying 127.0.0.1...
220 kfug2.kr.freebsd.org ESMTP Sendmail 8.9.3/8.9.3

¹öÁ¯ÀÌ 8.8º¸´Ù ³·´Ù¸é, ftp://ftp.sendmail.org/pub/sendmail/¿¡¼­ ÃֽŹöÁ¯À» ±¸Çϱ⠹ٶõ´Ù. Sendmail 8.2 À̻󿡼­´Â 'domaintable' ǻó¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ ±¸ÇöµÉ ¼ö ÀÖÁö¸¸, ¿©±â¿¡¼­´Â ´Ù·çÁö ¾Ê°Ú´Ù.

m4¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ sendmail.cf »ý¼º

¸ÕÀú 'sendmail-VERSION/cf/cf/'¿¡¼­ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ÀûÀýÇÑ mc ÆÄÀÏÀ» º¹»çÇÑ ÈÄ, Virtual Domain ¼³Á¤¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ 'virtusertable', 'genericstable' ǻó¸¦ Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÛ¼ºµÈ mc ÆÄÀÏÀº ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ º¸ÀδÙ.

* generic-bsd4.4.mc ÆÄÀÏÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ freebsd.mc ÆÄÀÏ
divert(0)dnl
VERSIONID(`@(#)generic-bsd4.4.mc        8.7 (Berkeley) 5/19/1998')
OSTYPE(bsd4.4)dnl
DOMAIN(generic)dnl
MAILER(local)dnl
MAILER(smtp)dnl
FEATURE(virtusertable, btree /etc/domainaliases.db)dnl
FEATURE(genericstable, btree /etc/useraliases.db)dnl

'virtusertable' ǻó´Â ¼ö½Å(in-bound)µÇ´Â ÆíÁö¸¦ ·ÎÄà »ç¿ëÀÚ·Î ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ´Â RuleSetÀ» »ý¼ºÇÏ°í, 'genericstable' ǻó´Â ¹Ý´ë·Î ¼Û½Å(out-bound)µÇ´Â ÆíÁö¿¡ ´ëÇØ ·ÎÄà À¯Àú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¸ÞÀÏÁÖ¼Ò(¸ÞÀÏ Çì´õ»óÀÇ From: Çʵå)¸¦ ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ´Â RuleSetÀ» »ý¼ºÇÑ´Ù. DNSÀÇ Forward Zone°ú Reverse ZoneÀ» »ý°¢ÇÏ¸é µÇ°Ú´Ù.

'btree'´Â ÇØ´ç Å×À̺í(domainaliases.db)ÀÌ B-Tree(Berkeley DB) µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ÇüÅ·ΠÀúÀåµÊÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. °¡´ÉÇÑ ´Ù¸¥ À¯ÇüÀ¸·Î´Â hash(Berkeley DB)¿Í dbm(NDBM)ÀÌ Àִµ¥, Å×À̺íÀÌ ¹æ´ëÇÒ °æ¿ì È¿À²Àº btree(Berkeley DB) > hash(Berkeley DB) > dbm(NDBM) ¼øÀÌ´Ù. ¼Óµµ°¡ ºü¸¥ btree¿Í hash¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â Berkeley DB(FreeBSD¸¦ ºñ·ÔÇØ ¸î¸î Unix¿¡´Â ±âº»À¸·Î Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ)°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ¾î¾ß Çϸç, sendmail°ú makemap ÄÄÆÄÀϽà -DNEWDB Ç÷¡±×(Berkeley DB°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù¸é ÀÚµ¿À¸·Î -DNEWDB Ç÷¡±×°¡ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. Berkeley DB°¡ ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ì¿£ -DNDBM Ç÷¡±×(NDBM ¶óÀ̺귯¸®´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Unix¿¡ ±âº»À¸·Î Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ)·Î ÄÄÆÄÀÏ µÇ´Âµ¥ À̶§¿¡´Â dbmÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¸®´ª½º¿Í °°ÀÌ Berkeley DBÀÇ GNUÆÇÀÎ GDBMÀÌ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â °æ¿ì¿£ º°µµÀÇ ³ë·Â¾øÀÌ ¼¼ Á¾·ùÀÇ DB¸¦ ¸ðµÎ ÀÌ¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

ÀÛ¼ºµÈ freebsd.mc ÆÄÀÏÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ m4(Macro Language Processor)¸¦ ÅëÇØ sendmail.cf·Î º¯È¯ÇÑ´Ù.

# cd sendmail-VERSION/cf/cf
# m4 ../m4/cf.m4 freebsd.mc > freebsd.cf
# cp freebsd.cf /etc/sendmail.cf

¸¸¾à ±âÁ¸ÀÇ sendmail.cf°¡ À¯ÁöµÇ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Â »óȲÀ̶ó¸é, ½ÇÁ¦ º» µÎ ǻó°¡ »ý¼ºÇÏ´Â ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ RuleSetÀ» Âü°íÇÏ¿© sendmail.cf¸¦ Á÷Á¢ ¼öÁ¤ÇÏ¿©µµ ÁÁ´Ù. (RuleSetÀÌ »ðÀԵǴ À§Ä¡¸¦ ÆľÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ m4·Î sendmail.cf¸¦ »ý¼ºÇÏ¿© ºñ±³Çϱ⠹ٶõ´Ù)

* FEATURE(virtusertable, btree /etc/domainaliases.db)dnl
# Virtual user table (maps incoming users)
Kvirtuser btree /etc/domainaliases.db

# handle virtual users (RuleSet 0ÀÇ Parse1 ¾Æ·¡¿¡ À§Ä¡)
R$+ < @ $=w . >         $: < $(virtuser $1 @ $2 $@ $1 $: @ $) > $1 < @ $2 . >
R<@> $+ + $* < @ $* . >
                        $: < $(virtuser $1 + * @ $3 $@ $1 $: @ $) > $1 + $2 < @ $3 . >
R<@> $+ + $* < @ $* . >
                        $: < $(virtuser $1 @ $3 $@ $1 $: @ $) > $1 + $2 < @ $3 . >
R<@> $+ < @ $+ . >      $: < $(virtuser @ $2 $@ $1 $: @ $) > $1 < @ $2 . >
R<@> $+                 $: $1
R< error : $- $+ > $*   $#error $@ $(dequote $1 $) $: $2
R< $+ > $+ < @ $+ >     $: $>97 $1

* FEATURE(genericstable, btree /etc/useraliases.db)dnl
# Generics table (mapping outgoing addresses)
Kgenerics btree /etc/useraliases.db

# handle generics database (RuleSet 93 ¾Æ·¡¿¡ À§Ä¡)
R$+ < @ $=G . > $: < $1@$2 > $1 < @ $2 . > @    mark
R$+ < @ *LOCAL* >       $: < $1@$j > $1 < @ *LOCAL* > @ mark
R< $+ > $+ < $* > @     $: < $(generics $1 $: $) > $2 < $3 >
R< > $+ < @ $+ >        $: < $(generics $1 $: $) > $1 < @ $2 >
R< $* @ $* > $* < $* >  $@ $>3 $1 @ $2                  found qualified
R< $+ > $* < $* >       $: $>3 $1 @ *LOCAL*             found unqualified
R< > $*                 $: $1                           not found

Forward-map Å×À̺í ÀÛ¼º

¸ÕÀú, ÇØ´ç È£½ºÆ®°¡ ¼ö½ÅÇÏ´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» Ŭ·¡½º w(sendmail.cw)¿¡ ³ª¿­ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

* /etc/sendmail.cw ÆÄÀÏ
nobreak.com
kr.freebsd.org

'domainaliases' ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÆíÁý±â·Î ¿­¾î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ Virtual User TableÀ» ÀÛ¼ºÇÑ´Ù.

* /etc/domainaliases ÆÄÀÏ
webmaster@nobreak.com           dipper
moonhunt@nobreak.com            moonhunt@ieee.org
cjh@nobreak.com                 error:nouser Unknown User
@nobreak.com                    nobreak
@kr.freebsd.org                 %1@xfree86.org

¸ÞÀÏÁÖ¼Ò 'webmaster@nobreak.com'´Â ·ÎÄà »ç¿ëÀÚ dipper·Î ¸ÅÇεǰí, 'moonhunt@nobreak.com'·Î ¹è´ÞµÇ´Â ÆíÁö´Â 'moonhunt@ieee.org'·Î Æ÷¿öµù µÈ´Ù. 'cjh@nobreak.com'À¸·Î ¹è´ÞµÇ´Â ÆíÁö¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ¿¡·¯¸Þ½ÃÁö 'Unknown User'·Î ´äÇϸç, ±×¿Ü 'nobreak.com'À¸·Î ¼ö½ÅµÇ´Â ¸ðµç ÆíÁö´Â ·ÎÄà »ç¿ëÀÚ nobreak·Î Àü´ÞµÈ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, 'kr.freebsd.org'·Î ¼ö½ÅµÇ´Â ¸ðµç ÆíÁö´Â 'xfree86.org'ÀÇ °°Àº »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô Æ÷¿öµùµÈ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ aliases ÆÄÀÏ°ú ¿¬µ¿ÇÏ¿© ´Ù¼öÀÇ »ç¿ëÀÚ¸¦ ¸ÅÇÎÇÏ´Â°Í ¶ÇÇÑ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù.

* /etc/domainaliases ÆÄÀÏ
announce@kr.freebsd.org         announce.ml
admin@kr.freebsd.org            admin.ml

* /etc/aliases ÆÄÀÏ
announce.ml:            :include:/var/ml/announce.ml
admin.ml:               nobreak, moonhunt@ieee.org

Reverse-map Å×À̺í ÀÛ¼º

È£½ºÆ®¸íÀÌ 'kfug2.kr.freebsd.org'À϶§, ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡¼­ out-boundµÇ´Â ÆíÁö´Â ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î 'user@kfug2.kr.freebsd.org'¸¦ FromÀ¸·Î °®´Â´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ Reverse-map Å×À̺íÀº ·ÎÄà »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ ¸ÞÀÏÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ º¯°æÇÑ´Ù.

* /etc/useraliases ÆÄÀÏ
nobreak                 nobreak@nobreak.com
cjh                     cjh@kr.freebsd.org

Å×ÀÌºí º¯È¯ ¹× ½ÇÇè

ÀÛ¼ºµÈ Å×À̺íÀº makemapÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ dbm/btree/hash ÇüÅ·Πº¯È¯µÇ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. ¿©±â¼­´Â btree¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ¿´À¸¹Ç·Î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌÇÑ´Ù.

# makemap btree /etc/domainaliases.db < /etc/domainaliases
# makemap btree /etc/useraliases.db < /etc/useraliases
# ls /etc/domainaliases* /etc/useraliases*
/etc/domainaliases      /etc/useraliases
/etc/domainaliases.db   /etc/useraliases.db

ÀÌÁ¦ SendmailÀ» Çà¾÷ÇÏ°í µ¿ÀÛÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏÀÚ.

# kill -HUP `cat /var/run/sendmail.pid`

# sendmail -bv webmaster@nobreak.com
webmaster@nobreak.com... deliverable: mailer local, user dipper

# sendmail -bv cjh@nobreak.com
cjh@nobreak.com... Unknown User

# sendmail -bv anybody@kr.freebsd.org
anybody@kr.freebsd.org... deliverable: mailer esmtp,
host xfree86.org., user anybody@xfree86.org

6. BIND À¯Áö/º¸¼ö

6.1 BIND ½Ã±×³Î

BIND´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸î °³ÀÇ ¿¹¾àµÈ ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ½Ã±×³Î Áß ¸î¸î¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â ÆÄÀÏ·Î °á°ú¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇϴµ¥, ÆÄÀÏÀº º¸Åë /var/named/ ȤÀº /var/tmp/ µð·ºÅ丮¿¡ ³²´Â´Ù.

  • HUP: BIND¸¦ Àç½ÃÀÛ ÇÑ´Ù. º¸Åë ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀ̳ª Á¸ µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ ¼öÁ¤ÇÑ ÈÄ, º» ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀÌ´Â BIND¸¦ Á¾·áÇÑÈÄ, Àç½ÃÀÛÇÏ´Â °Í°ú´Â ´Ù¸£°Ô, ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ°ú ¼öÁ¤µÈ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º(SerialÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇÑ)¸¸À» ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®ÇÏ°í, ij½¬¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù.
  • INT: ³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î BIND´Â ·çÆ® ij½¬¿Í Á¸ µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽ºµéÀ» $ORIGINÀ¸·Î ºÐ¸®ÇÑ ÇϳªÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ¸·Î °ü¸®Çϴµ¥, ÀÌ ³»ºÎ µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ named_dump.db ÆÄÀÏ·Î ÀúÀåÇÑ´Ù.
  • ILL(BIND-8)/IOT(BIND-4): BINDÀÇ Åë°èÁ¤º¸¸¦ named.stats ÆÄÀÏ·Î ¶³¾î¶ß¸°´Ù. ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö À¯Áö, °ü¸®¿¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÑ ¿©·¯ Åë°è ÀÚ·á°¡ µé¾îÀÖ´Ù.
  • USR1: µð¹ö±ë Á¤º¸¸¦ named.run ÆÄÀÏ·Î Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù. BIND´Â º» ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ¶§¸¶´Ù µð¹ö±ë ·¹º§À» ÇÑ ´Ü°è¾¿ Áõ°¡½ÃÅ°´Âµ¥, °¢ ·¹º§¸¶´Ù Ç¥½ÃÇÏ´Â Á¤º¸ÀÇ À¯ÇüÀÌ Á¶±Ý¾¿ »óÀÌÇϸç, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ·¹º§ÀÌ ³ôÀ»¼ö·Ï º¸´Ù ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ±â·ÏµÈ´Ù.
  • USR2: µð¹ö±ë Ãâ·ÂÀ» Á¾·áÇÑ´Ù.
  • WINCH: BIND´Â ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸î¸î ÁÖ¿ä ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¸À» Syslog¿¡ ³²±ä´Ù. º» ½Ã±×³ÎÀº Åä±Û Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î ÀÛµ¿Çϸç, ¿äûµÇ´Â ¸ðµç Äõ¸®¸¦ Syslog¿¡ ³²±âµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.

6.2 BIND Syslog ¸Þ½ÃÁöµé

BIND´Â Syslog¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÀÏ»óÀû ¾Ë¸²¿¡¼­ºÎÅÍ Ä¡¸íÀû ¿À·ù±îÁö ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ³²±ä´Ù. ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ ¿À·ù ¹× ¿Àµ¿ÀÛÀÇ ¿øÀÎÀº Syslog¿¡¼­ºÎÅÍ Ã£¾Æ³ª°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ ¼ø¼­ÀÌ°Ú´Ù. Syslog´Â /etc/syslog.confÀÇ ¼³Á¤¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¸£Áö¸¸, º¸Åë /var/log/messages ȤÀº /var/adm/messages ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ ³²±ä´Ù.

´ÙÀ½Àº, BIND°¡ ±¸µ¿µÉ ¶§, HUP ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» ¶§, Á¾·áµÉ ¶§ ±â·ÏµÇ´Â ÀÏ»óÀûÀÎ ¸Þ½ÃÁöµéÀÌ´Ù.

Jan  1  5:33:39 ns named[288]: starting.  named 8.2
Jan  2 16:57:11 ns named[291]: reloading nameserver
Feb  5  3:34:31 ns named[289]: named shutting down

Syslog¿¡ ³²´Â ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÇ Çü½ÄÀº '½Ã°£ È£½ºÆ®¸í named[PID]: ¸Þ½ÃÁö'¿Í °°Àº Çü½Ä¸¦ ÃëÇϴµ¥, BIND-4¿Í BIND-8 ±×¸®°í °¢ ¹öÀüº°·Î »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ´Ü¾î¿Í ¸Þ½ÃÁö ¾ç½ÄÀÌ Á¶±Ý¾¿ »óÀÌÇÔ¿¡ À¯ÀÇÇÑ´Ù.

Feb  1 11:33:40 ns named[288]: master zone "nobreak.com"
(IN) loaded (serial 1999012901)

Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ ¸Þ¸ð¸®¿¡ ÀûÀçÇÏ¿´À½À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. BIND-4¿¡¼­´Â 'primary zone'À̶ó Ç¥ÇöÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸, BIND-8·Î ³Ñ¾î¿À¸é¼­ 'master zone'À¸·Î ¸íĪÀÌ ¼öÁ¤µÇ¾ú´Ù.

¸Å½Ã°£ BIND´Â °£·«ÇÑ Åë°èÁ¤º¸¸¦ ±â·ÏÇÑ´Ù. (BIND-4ÀÇ ÀϺΠ¹öÀü°ú ¸î¸î OS º¥´õ°¡ Á¦°øÇÏ´Â BIND´Â ÀÌ Ç»Ãĸ¦ ±âº»À¸·Î ²¨³õ°í ÀÖ´Ù.)

Feb  2 18:57:12 ns named[291]: USAGE 917949432 917837292
CPU=1558.86u/491.54s CHILDCPU=921.29u/1228.57s

Feb  2 18:57:12 ns named[291]: NSTATS 917949432 917837292
Unknown=3 A=95677 NS=3 SOA=275 PTR=563972 MX=11355 TXT=16 AXFR=10 ANY=17840

Feb  2 18:57:12 ns named[291]: XSTATS 917949432 917837292
RR=270905 RNXD=92478 RFwdR=133260 RDupR=505 RFail=8882
RFErr=0 RErr=75 RAXFR=10 RLame=111437 ROpts=0
SSysQ=24028 SAns=467186 SFwdQ=221971 SDupQ=255265 SErr=5319
RQ=689151 RIQ=17 RFwdQ=0 RDupQ=224 RTCP=53 SFwdR=133260
SFail=290 SFErr=0 SNaAns=189120 SNXD=186481

°¢ ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÇ Ã³À½¿¡ ³ª¿À´Â 2°³ ¼ýÀÚ´Â ÇöÀç½Ã°£°ú BIND°¡ ½ÃÀÛµÈ ½Ã°£À» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. '917949432 - 917837292'¸¦ °è»êÇϸé, ¼­¹ö°¡ ¿î¿ëµÈ ½Ã°£(ÃÊ)À» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. USAGE´Â CPU »ç¿ëÁ¤µµ¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Âµ¥, ÁÖ CPU°¡ 1558Ãʵ¿¾È »ç¿ëÀÚ(u) ¸ðµå¿¡¼­, 491Ãʵ¿¾È ½Ã½ºÅÛ(s) ¸ðµå¿¡¼­ µ¿ÀÛÇÏ¿´À½À» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. CHILDCPUµµ °°Àº ÀǹÌÀε¥, ¸ÖƼ ÇÁ·Î¼¼½º ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é, CHILDCPU´Â 0u/0s ·Î Ç¥½ÃµÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. NSTATS¿Í XSTATS´Â 'BIND Statistics'¿¡¼­ ÀÚ¼¼È÷ ´Ù·é´Ù.

Feb  5 09:39:05 ns named[26674]: Sent NOTIFY for "nobreak.com IN SOA"
(nobreak.com); 1 NS, 1 A

BIND-8¿¡ Æ÷ÇÔµÈ Dynamic Update ±â´ÉÀº Primary°¡ Secondary¿¡°Ô Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º°¡ ¼öÁ¤µÇ¾úÀ¸´Ï ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®Ç϶ó´Â Á¤º¸¸¦ º¸³½´Ù. º» ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â 'nobreak.com'¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º°¡ ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®µÇ¾î ¾Ë¸² ¸Þ½ÃÁö¸¦ º¸³Â´Ù´Â ¶æÀÌ´Ù.

Feb  5 09:36:00 ns named[26674]: ns_forw: query(57.132.119.210.in-addr.arpa)
No possible A RRs

Resolver°¡ ¿äûÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀÎ(Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎ)À» ãÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ» °æ¿ì ÀÌ´Ù.

Feb  5 09:35:46 ns named[26674]: Lame server on 'ryu.siyon.com'
(in 'siyon.com'?): [210.105.79.103].53 'ns.mylover.com'

µµ¸ÞÀÎ 'siyon.com'ÀÌ 'ns.mylover.com'À¸·Î À§ÀӵǾúÀ¸³ª, ÇØ´ç ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ Authority ¼³Á¤ÀÌ µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀº °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ¿ÜºÎ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡¼­ÀÇ Lame DelegationÀ̹ǷΠ½Å°æ ¾²Áö ¾Ê¾Æµµ ÁÁ´Ù.

6.3 BIND Syslog ÁÖÀÇ/¿À·ù ¸Þ½ÃÁöµé

´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ¸Þ½ÃÁöµéÀº ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º»óÀÇ ºñÁ¤»óÀûÀÎ ¸µÅ©¿Í, À߸øµÈ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö ¼³Á¤¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÑ ¸Þ½ÃÁöµéÀÌ´Ù. º» ¸Þ½ÃÁö Áß ¸î¸îÀº Ÿ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ °ÍÀÌ°í, ÀǵµÀûÀÎ °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖÀ¸´Ï, °¡´ÉÇÑ ¹üÀ§¿¡¼­ ¿øÀÎÀ» Á¦°ÅÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.

Feb  3 12:53:27 ns named[291]: ns_forw: query(shpark.co.kr)
contains our address (ns.nobreak.com:210.105.79.2)

µµ¸ÞÀÎ 'shpark.co.kr'ÀÌ ns.nobreak.com(ÀÚ½Å)À¸·Î À§ÀӵǾúÀ¸³ª, Authority°¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ» °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. ³»ºÎ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Lame Delegation ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÌ´Ï, ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» È®ÀÎÇÏ°í, ÀûÀýÇÑ Á¶Ä¡¸¦ ÃëÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.

Feb  5 10:09:01 ns named[26674]: "nobreak.com IN NS"
points to a CNAME (ns.nobreak.com)

Feb  5 10:09:11 ns named[26674]: "nms.nobreak.com IN MX"
points to a CNAME (mail.nobreak.com)

Feb  5 09:57:15 ns named[26674]: power.nobreak.com has CNAME and other data

CNAMEÀÇ À߸øµÈ »ç¿ë¿¡ ±âÀÎÇÑ ¿À·ùµéÀÌ´Ù. ƯÈ÷ MX¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ¿À·ù´Â Àüü°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ ¸î¸î MTA(¿¹:sendmail)¿¡¼­ ¸ÞÀÏ ¶ó¿ìÆÿ¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ »ý±æ ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ¿øÀÎÀ» ã±âÀ§ÇØ ¿À·£ ½Ã°£À» ÇãºñÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÁÖÀÇÇÏÀÚ. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¹®¹ýÀû ¿À·ù°¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§, º» ¸Þ½ÃÁöµéÀÌ ³ªÅ¸³­´Ù.

nobreak.com.    IN      NS      ns.nobreak.com.   ; (X) ns´Â CNAMEÀÌ´Ù.
ns              IN      CNAME   mild.nobreak.com.

nms             IN      MX      mail.nobreak.com. ; (X) mailÀº CNAME ÀÌ´Ù.
mail            IN      CNAME   mhub.nobreak.com.

power           IN      CNAME   layla.nobreak.com.
                IN      MX      mhub.nobreak.com. ; (X)Ãß°¡·¹Äڵ尡 ¿Ã ¼ö ¾ø´Ù.

CNAME ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ¾î¶°ÇÑ Ãß°¡ ·¹Äڵ嵵 °®À» ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¸ç, NS/MX/SOA ·¹ÄÚµå´Â CNAME°ú ¿¬°áµÉ ¼ö ¾øÀ½À» ±â¾ïÇÏÀÚ.

Feb  5 09:24:56 ns2 named-xfer[2502]: record too short from
[210.105.79.2], zone nobreak.com

Primary NS°¡ xfrnets(BIND-4) ȤÀº allow-transfer(BIND-8) ¿É¼ÇÀ¸·Î, Zone Transfer¸¦ ¸·¾Æ, ÇØ´ç ZoneÀ» °®°í ¿ÀÁö ¸øÇÒ °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù. ÇØ´ç ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö °ü¸®ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¿¬¶ôÇÏ¿©, Zone Transfer°¡ °¡´ÉÇϵµ·Ï ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

6.4 BIND Statistics

³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö È°¿ëÁ¤µµ¿Í µµ¸ÞÀγ»¿¡ ¿ä±¸µÇ´Â ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö °³¼ö¸¦ ÆľÇÇϱâ À§ÇÏ¿©, ÁÖ±âÀûÀÎ Åë°è ÀÚ·á °ËÅä°¡ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù. ¿©±â¼­ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö Åë°è Á¤º¸ ºÐ¼®¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë¾Æº¸°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù. Åë°èÁ¤º¸´Â [±×¸² 6]°ú °°ÀÌ timeout(DNS´Â ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î UDP¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡)¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ Áߺ¹µÈ Äõ¸®¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ´Ù.

[Image]
[±×¸² 6] ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°£ÀÇ ÁúÀÇ ¿¹Á¦

BIND·ÎºÎÅÍ Åë°è Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾ò±â À§Çؼ­´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ILL(BIND-8)/IOT(BIND-4) ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. BIND´Â ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» ¹ÞÀ¸¸é Åë°è ÆÄÀÏÀ» /var/named/named.stats ȤÀº /var/tmp/named.stats·Î Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù.

# kill -ILL `cat /var/run/named.pid`
# ls -al /var/named/named.stats
-rw-r--r--   1 root     root        19832 Mar  8 04:51 /var/named/named.stats
# cat /var/named/named.stats
+++ Statistics Dump +++ (920978301) Tue Mar  9 20:18:21 1999
208719  time since boot (secs)
3396    time since reset (secs)
3       Unknown query types
205739  A queries
39      NS queries
916     SOA queries
802719  PTR queries
19192   MX queries
2       TXT queries
15      AAAA queries
129     AXFR queries
29359   ANY queries

++ Name Server Statistics ++
(Legend)
        RR      RNXD    RFwdR   RDupR   RFail
        RFErr   RErr    RAXFR   RLame   ROpts
        SSysQ   SAns    SFwdQ   SDupQ   SErr
        RQ      RIQ     RFwdQ   RDupQ   RTCP
        SFwdR   SFail   SFErr   SNaAns  SNXD
(Global)
        447781  164719 227112   869     25991
        0       245    125      170586  0
        33963   720395 337570   294284  8122
        1058113 0      337570   190     0
        227112  20791  0        228616  298214

[210.104.247.129]
        157     0      0        0       10
        0       0      0        147     0
        0       36     146      22      0
        36      0      0        0       0
        11      0      0        0       13

.
.
.

À§´Â BIND 8.2¿¡¼­ Åë°èÁ¤º¸¸¦ Ãâ·ÂÇÑ ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù.

208719  time since boot (secs)
3396    time since reset (secs)

BIND°¡ ±¸µ¿µÈÈÄ ¿î¿ëµÈ ½Ã°£°ú ¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î ¸®·ÎµåµÈ(HUP ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» ¹ÞÀº) ÈÄ °æ°úµÈ ½Ã°£À» ÃÊ´ÜÀ§·Î Ç¥½ÃÇÑ´Ù.

3       Unknown query types

¾Ë·ÁÁöÁö ¾ÊÀº Äõ¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁúÀÇ È½¼öÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â À߸øµÈ ±¸Çö¿¡ ±âÀÎÇϰųª, ´©±º°¡¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ »õ·Î¿î ŸÀԽõµ ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù.

205739  A queries

A Äõ¸®´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ÀÀ¿ë¿¡¼­ ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â ÁúÀÇÀ̸ç, °¡Àå ºó¹øÈ÷ ¿ä±¸µÈ´Ù.

39      NS queries

³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î BIND´Â ·çÆ® ¼­¹ö¿¡ ÁúÀÇ ÇÒ¶§, NS Äõ¸®¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ÇØ´ç ¼­¹ö°¡ ·çÆ® ¼­¹ö°¡ ¾Æ´Ò °æ¿ì¿¡´Â Dig³ª Nslookup°°Àº ÁúÀÇ µµ±¸¿¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¸í½ÃÀû ¿äûÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.

916     SOA queries

SOA Äõ¸®´Â Secondary NS°¡ ÇØ´ç ZoneÀÇ ½Ã¸®¾ó º¯È­¸¦ °¨ÁöÇϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

802719  PTR queries

Reverse µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¿ä±¸ÇÏ´Â ÀÀ¿ëµé¿¡ ÀÇÇϸç A Äõ¸®¿Í ÇÔ²² °¡Àå ºó¹øÈ÷ ¿äûµÈ´Ù.

19192   MX queries

MX Äõ¸®´Â Sendmail°ú °°Àº MTA°¡ ¸ÞÀÏ ¶ó¿ìÆà Á¤º¸¸¦ ½ÀµæÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¿äûÇÑ´Ù.

2       TXT queries
15      AAAA queries

TXT¿Í AAAA Äõ¸®´Â Dig³ª Nslookup°°Àº DNS ÁúÀÇ µµ±¸¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ¿äûµÈ´Ù.

129     AXFR queries

AXFR Äõ¸®´Â Secondary°¡ Zone Transfer ÇÒ ¶§ ¿äûµÇ¹Ç·Î, ±× ¼öÄ¡´Â Zone Transfer Ƚ¼ö¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù.

29359   ANY queries

Any Äõ¸®´Â ±Ù·¡ÀÇ SendmailÀÌ ¸ñÀûÁö È£½ºÆ®ÀÇ A, MX, CNAME Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾ò±â À§ÇØ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

³ª¸ÓÁö Åë°èÁ¤º¸´Â °³º° È£½ºÆ®(Remote ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿Í Stub Resolver)ÀÇ Åë°è Á¤º¸¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. º¸Åë ÃÑ ÇÕÀ» Ç¥½ÃÇÏ´Â [Global] ÇÊµå ¾Æ·¡·Î ¼ö¹é ȤÀº ¼öõÀÇ È£½ºÆ®°¡ ³ª¿­µÇ´Âµ¥, °³º° ¼­¹ö¿ÍÀÇ Åë°èÁ¤º¸´Â ¸Þ¸ð¸®¸¦ ¼ÒºñÇÒ »Ó ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î Áß¿äÄ¡ ¾Ê¾Æ, BIND-8¿¡¼­´Â ±âº»À¸·Î Á¦°ÅµÇ¾î [Global] Çʵ常ÀÌ Ç¥½ÃµÈ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, °³º° È£½ºÆ®º° Åë°è´Â ¼Û/¼ö½Å ÆÐŶ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ ³»¿ªÀ» ¾Ë·ÁÁֱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ Åë°è¿¡¼­ ÆľÇÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø´Â ¹®Á¦(³×Æ®¿öÅ© Áö¿¬°ú °°Àº)¸¦ Áø´ÜÇϴµ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÇ±âµµ ÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ ¿É¼ÇÀ» Á¶Á¤ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á °³º° È£½ºÆ® Åë°è¸¦ °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

* named.conf (BIND-8)
options {
        host-statistics yes;
};

Legend·Î Ç¥½ÃµÇ´Â ±¸ºÐÀÚµéÀº °¢ ÇʵåÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ ³ªÅ¸³»´Âµ¥, S(Sent)·Î ½ÃÀÛÇϴ°ÍÀº ·ÎÄà ȣ½ºÆ®¿¡¼­ ¼Û½ÅµÈ Äõ¸®¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÏ°í, R(Received)Àº ¼ö½ÅÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ¼ø¼­¿Í Á¾·ù´Â BINDÀÇ ¹öÁ¯¿¡ µû¶ó Á¶±Ý¾¿ »óÀÌÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

RR(Sent us an answer) 447781
RQ(Sent us a query) 1058113

¸®¸ðÆ® È£½ºÆ®°¡ ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö·Î ÀÀ´ä(Answer)ÇÑ È½¼ö°¡ RRÀ̸ç, ÁúÀÇ(Question)ÇÑ È½¼ö°¡ RQÀÌ´Ù. RRÀÌ RQ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÀ´äÀº ¾Æ´Ï¹Ç·Î, RR°ú RQÀÇ ¼öÄ¡¿£ »ó°ü°ü°è°¡ ¾ø´Ù.

RNXD(Sent us a negative response) 164719
SNXD(Sent them a negative response) 298214

RNXD´Â ¿äûÇÑ Äõ¸®¿¡ ´ëÇØ 'µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¾øÀ½' ÀÀ´äÀ» ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» °æ¿ì Áõ°¡ÇÑ´Ù. SNXD´Â ¹Ý´ë·Î 'µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¾øÀ½' Äõ¸®¸¦ Àü¼ÛÇßÀ» °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù.

RFwdR(Sent us a response we had to fwd) 227112
SFwdR(Forwarded a response to them) 227112
RFwdQ(Sent us a query we had to forward) 337570
SFwdQ(Forwarded a query to them) 337570

ResolverÀÇ ¿äû¿¡ ´ëÇØ ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö´Â ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º¸¦ °Ë»öÇÏ¿© ÃÖÁ¾ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸®¸ðÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÀ´ä¹ÞÀº °á°ú¸¦ Resolver¿¡°Ô ÅëÁöÇϴµ¥, RFwdRÀº ¸®¸ðÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö·ÎºÎÅÍ ÀÀ´ä¹ÞÀº Äõ¸®(RR)Áß Æ÷¿öµùÇÒ Äõ¸®ÀÇ °³¼öÀÌ°í, SFwdRÀº ½ÇÁ¦ Æ÷¿öµùÇÑ Äõ¸® °³¼öÀÌ´Ù. ¹Ý´ë·Î RFwdQ´Â ResolverÀÇ ÁúÀÇ(RQ)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Æ÷¿öµù ¿äûÀ̸ç, SFwdQ ½ÇÁ¦ ¸®¸ðÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö·Î ÁúÀǸ¦ Æ÷¿öµùÇÑ °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù.

RDupR(Sent us an extra answer) 869
RDupQ(Sent us a retry) 190
SDupQ(Sent them a retry) 294284

³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ´Ù¿îµÇ¾î TimeoutÀÌ ¾ß±âµÇ°Å³ª, ³×Æ®¿öÅ© Àå¾Ö µîÀÇ ¿ä¼Ò·Î È£½ºÆ®°£ ÆÐŶ ¼Û/¼ö½Å¿¡ Áö¿¬ÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ °æ¿ì, È£½ºÆ®°£¿¡ Áߺ¹µÈ(Retry) Äõ¸® ¿äûÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. RDupRÀº ¸®¸ðÆ® È£½ºÆ®¿¡¼­ ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö·Î Àü¼ÛÇÑ Áߺ¹µÈ ÀÀ´ä([±×¸² 6]ÀÇ ½Ã³ª¸®¿À Âü°í) Ƚ¼öÀ̸ç, RDupQ´Â ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ¼ö½ÅÇÑ Áߺ¹ ÁúÀÇ(ÇØ´ç ÁúÀǸ¦ ¹Ìó ó¸®ÇÏÁö ¸øÇÑ »óÅ¿¡¼­ ¼ö½ÅµÇ´Â µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ÁúÀÇ) Ƚ¼öÀÌ°í, SDupQ´Â ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ¸®¸ðÆ® È£½ºÆ®·Î ¿äûÇÑ Áߺ¹ ÁúÀÇ °³¼öÀÌ´Ù.

RFail(Sent us a SERVFAIL) 5176
SFail(Sent them a SERVFAIL) 90

RFailÀº È£½ºÆ®(Remote)ÀÇ À߸øµÈ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ¼³Á¤, ¸Þ¸ð¸® ÇÒ´ç ¿À·ù, SecondaryÀÏ °æ¿ì ExpireµÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎ µîÀÇ ¹®Á¦·Î ±âÀÎÇÑ SERVFAIL ÀÀ´ä Ƚ¼ö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. SFailÀº ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ ¹®Á¦·Î ¹ß¼ÛµÈ SERVFAIL ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÌ´Ù.

RFErr(Sent us a FORMERR) 0
SFErr(Sent them a FORMERR) 0

RFErrÀº ¼ö½ÅÇÑ FORMERR ÀÀ´ä Ƚ¼ö¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. FORMERR ÀÀ´äÀº ¸®¸ðÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ¹®¹ýÀû ¿À·ù°¡ ÀÖ´Â ÁúÀǸ¦ ¹Þ¾ÒÀ» ¶§ º¸³»¾îÁø´Ù. SFErrÀº ¹Ý´ë·Î ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ¼Û½ÅÇÑ FORMERR ¸Þ½ÃÁöÀÇ °³¼öÀÌ´Ù. ³×Æ®¿öÅ©»óÀÇ ÆÐŶÀü¼Û¿¡ ¹®Á¦°¡ ¹ß»ýÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â ÇÑ º» µÎ °ªÀº 0 ÀÌ´Ù.

RErr(Sent us some other error) 245
SErr(Sent failed) 8122

¼ö½ÅµÈ SERVFAIL °ú FORMERR ÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ ¸ðµç ¼ö½Å/¼Û½Å ¿À·ù ¸Þ½ÃÁö´Â RErr/SErr¿¡ Æ÷ÇԵȴÙ.

RAXFR(Sent us an AXFR) 125

AXFR Äõ¸®´Â Secondary°¡ Zone Transfer Çϱâ À§ÇØ º¸³»¾î Áø´Ù. °³º° È£½ºÆ® Ç׸ñ¿¡¼­ º» Çʵ尡 0 ÀÏ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ÇØ´ç È£½ºÆ®°¡ ·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ ¾î¶°ÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇؼ­µµ Secondary·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½À» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.

RLame(Sent us a lame delegation) 170586

À§ÀÓµÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎÁß ¸î¸î¿¡´ëÇØ Authority°¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾îÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ»°æ¿ì º» °ªÀº 0ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. Áï ƯÁ¤ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö·Î ÁöÁ¤µÇ¾î ÀÖÀ¸³ª Primary ȤÀº Secondary ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ¾øÀ» °æ¿ìÀÌ´Ù.

ROpts(Sent us some IP options) 0

IP ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ¼³Á¤µÈ ÆÐŶÀ» ¼ö½ÅÇÏ¿´À» °æ¿ì, ROpts°¡ Áõ°¡ÇÑ´Ù.

SSysQ(Sent them a sysquery) 33963

·ÎÄà ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ Äõ¸® Àü¼ÛȽ¼öÀÌ´Ù. ½Ã½ºÅÛ Äõ¸®´Â ¸®¸ðÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö(·çÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿©) Á¤º¸¸¦ ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ® Çϱâ À§ÇØ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.

RIQ(Sent us an inverse query) 0

RIQ´Â ¼ö½ÅÇÑ Reserve Domain ¿äû Ƚ¼öÀÌÁö¸¸, ±Ù·¡ÀÇ BIND¿¡¼­´Â PTR queries·Î Èí¼öµÇ¾î ´õ ÀÌ»ó »ç¿ëµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ RIQ´Â Ç×»ó 0ÀÌ´Ù.

RTCP(Sent us a query using TCP) 0

RTCP´Â TCP ¿¬°áÀ» ÅëÇØ ¼ö½ÅµÈ ÁúÀÇ È½¼ö¸¦ ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ Äõ¸®´Â UDP¸¦ ÅëÇØ ¼Û/¼ö½ÅµÇ¹Ç·Î º» °ªÀº 0À» °®°Å³ª, ºñÀ²ÀûÀ¸·Î ¸Å¿ì ÀûÀº ¼öÄ¡¸¦ À¯ÁöÇÑ´Ù.

SAns(Sent them an answer) 720395
SNaAns(Sent them a non-autoritative answer) 228616

SAns´Â ¿äûµÈ ÁúÀÇ(RQ)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÀ´ä Ƚ¼ö¸¦ ¸»Çϸç, °á°ú°¡ ij½¬¿¡¼­ ¹ß°ßµÇ¾úÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡´Â SNaAns°¡ Ä«¿îÆ®µÈ´Ù.

6.5 BIND Bebugging Output

BINDÀÇ µð¹ö±ë Ãâ·ÂÀº °³¹ßÀÚµéÀÌ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦ ¸ÞÀÎÅͳͽºÇÒ ¸ñÀûÀ¸·Î È°¿ëµÇ¹Ç·Î, ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ±¸ÇöÀ» »ý°¢Çϰųª BINDÀÇ µ¿ÀÛÀ» ÆľÇÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ÀÌÀ¯°¡ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó¸é, ±»ÀÌ À̸¦ ¸ðµÎ ÀÌÇØÇÏ·Á ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä´Â ¾ø´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ BIND¸¦ Á»´õ ±í¼÷ÀÌ ÀÌÇØÇÏ°í ±× ÀÀ¿ëÀ» ±Ø´ëÈ­ ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é, µð¹ö±ë Á¤º¸ ºÐ¼®¿¡ ¸¹Àº Àç¹Ì¸¦ ´À³¥ ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ¿©±â ¸ðµÎ´Â ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸ µð¹ö±ë Ãâ·ÂÁ¤º¸¸¦ Çؼ®ÇÏ´Â ±âº»ÀûÀÎ ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î¸¦ ¼Ò°³ÇÑ´Ù.

# kill -USR1 `cat /var/run/named.pid` (or 'ndc trace')
# ping www.openbsd.org.
# kill -USR2 `cat /var/run/named.pid` (or 'ndc notrace')
# ls -al /var/named/named.run
-rw-r--r--  1 root  bin  1153 Mar 10 00:30 named.run

BIND´Â USR1 ½Ã±×³ÎÀº ¹ÞÀ»¶§¸¶´Ù µð¹ö±ë ·¹¹úÀ» ÇѴܰ辿 ³ô¿©°¡´Âµ¥, ³ôÀº µð¹ö±ë ·¹º§Àº Á»´õ ÀÚ¼¼ÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÏ¿© ÁØ´Ù. µð¹ö±ë Ãâ·ÂÀº /var/named/named.run ȤÀº /var/tmp/named.run ÆÄÀÏ·Î »ý¼ºµÇ¸ç, ¸Å¿ì ºü¸£°Ô Áõ°¡ÇϹǷΠÇÊ¿äÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ÀâÇû´Ù°í ÆǴܵǴ ½ÃÁ¡¿¡¼­ USR2 ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇØ Ãâ·ÂÀ» Á¤Áö½ÃÅ°±â ¹Ù¶õ´Ù. BIND µð¹ö±ë Ãâ·ÂÀº ´Ù¹ßÀûÀ¸·Î ¹ß»ýÇÏ´Â Äõ¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸°¡ ¸ðµÎ ±â·ÏµÇ¹Ç·Î, ¶§·Ð ¿øÇÏ´Â Á¤º¸¸¦ Ã߸®´Âµ¥ ¾à°£ÀÇ Àγ»½ÉÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. BINDÀÇ ÃʱâÈ­ °úÁ¤À» »ìÆ캸°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é 'named -d 1 &'°ú °°ÀÌ ºÎÆýà Ŀ¸Çµå¶óÀÎ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

datagram from [210.105.79.6].3442, fd 21, len 33;

ÀÌ°ÍÀº È£½ºÆ® '210.105.79.6'¿¡¼­ Æ÷Æ® 3442¹øÀ¸·Î ±æÀÌ 33 byteÀÇ UDP ÆÐŶÀÌ ÆÄÀÏ µð½ºÅ©¸³ÅÍ 6¹øÀ» ÅëÇØ ¼ö½ÅµÇ¾úÀ½À» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. ¿©±â¼­ ¸»ÇÏ´Â ÆÄÀÏ µð½ºÅ©¸³ÅͶõ ¼­¹ö IP ÁÖ¼Ò(ÆÐŶÀ» listen ÇÏ´Â)¿¡ boundµÈ ¼ÒÄÏ Çڵ鷯¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.

req: nlookup(www.openbsd.org) id 28375 type=1 class=1

¿äûµÈ datagramÀº 'www.openbsd.org'¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÁúÀÇ(req)ÀÓÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î Ŭ·¡½º IN(class=1)¿¡ ´ëÇÑ A(type=1) ·¹ÄÚµå ¿äûÀÌ¸ç ³»ºÎ ±¸ºÐ¹øÈ£´Â 28375·Î ¸Å°ÜÁ³´Ù.

req: missed 'www.openbsd.org' as '' (cname=0)

¿äû µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ ¾Ë°íÀÖ´Â ÀÚ·á°¡ ¾øÀ½(³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ Authority¸¦ °®°í ÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ¸¸ç, ij½¬¿¡¼­µµ ãÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ» ¶§)À» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. 'cname=0'´Â 'www.openbsd.org'°¡ CNAMEÀ¸·Î ¼³Á¤µÇÁö ¾Ê¾ÒÀ½À» ¸»Çϴµ¥, ¹°·Ð Áö±Ý ´Ü°è¿¡¼­´Â BIND°¡ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ CNAME ¼³Á¤¿©ºÎ¸¦ ¾Ë¾Æ³¾ ¼ö ¾øÁö¸¸, º» °ªÀÌ 0ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ò °æ¿ì¿¡´Â CNAMEÀÌ °¡¸£Å°´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ´ë½Å ã´Â´Ù.

forw: forw -> [198.41.0.10].53 ds=23 nsid=19461 id=28375 5ms retry 4sec

ÀÚü lookup¿¡ ½ÇÆÐÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ´ÙÀ½ ´Ü°è·Î ÁúÀǸ¦ 'J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET(198.41.0.10:53)'À¸·Î Æ÷¿öµù ÇÑ´Ù.

datagram from [198.41.0.10].53, fd 21, len 449;
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 19461
;; flags: qr; Ques: 1, Ans: 0, Auth: 12, Addit: 12
;; QUESTIONS:
;;      www.openbsd.org, type = A, class = IN

;; AUTHORITY RECORDS:
ORG.    518400  IN      NS      A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
ORG.    518400  IN      NS      I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
ORG.    518400  IN      NS      K.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.

;; ADDITIONAL RECORDS:
A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 IN      A       198.41.0.4
I.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 IN      A       192.36.148.17
K.GTLD-SERVERS.NET.     518400  IN      A       195.8.99.11

'J.ROOT-SERVERS.NET'ÀÌ ¿äû¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ÀÀ´äÀ» º¸³»¾î ¿Ô´Ù. ÀÌó·³ ÀÀ´äÀÌ delegation¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ·¹ÆÛ·±½ÌÀÏ °æ¿ì °ü·Ã ³»¿ëÀÌ ¸ðµÎ Ãâ·ÂµÈ´Ù. °á°ú´Â ij½¬¿¡ ÀúÀåµÈ´Ù.

resp: nlookup(www.openbsd.org) qtype=1

ij½¬¿¡¼­ 'www.openbsd.org.'¸¦ ´Ù½Ã ã´Â´Ù.

resp: found 'www.openbsd.org' as 'org' (cname=0)
resp: forw -> [195.8.99.11].53 ds=23 nsid=19462 id=28375 1ms

¿Ïº®ÇÑ °á°ú´Â ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸, ORG ·¹º§¿¡¼­ À§ÀÓÁ¤º¸¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇÏ¿´±â ¶§¹®¿¡, 'K.GTLD-SERVERS.NET(195.8.99.11)'À¸·Î ÁúÀǸ¦ Æ÷¿öµù ÇÑ´Ù.

datagram from [195.8.99.11].53, fd 21, len 219;
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 19462
;; flags: qr rd; Ques: 1, Ans: 0, Auth: 5, Addit: 3
;; QUESTIONS:
;;      www.openbsd.org, type = A, class = IN

;; AUTHORITY RECORDS:
OPENBSD.org.    172800  IN      NS      ZEUS.THEOS.COM.
OPENBSD.org.    172800  IN      NS      CVS.OPENBSD.org.
OPENBSD.org.    172800  IN      NS      NS.SIGMASOFT.COM.

;; ADDITIONAL RECORDS:
ZEUS.THEOS.COM.         172800  IN      A       199.185.137.1
CVS.OPENBSD.org.        172800  IN      A       199.185.137.3
NS.SIGMASOFT.COM.       172800  IN      A       209.249.129.35

'K.GTLD-SERVERS.NET'À¸·ÎºÎÅÍ À§ÀÓÁ¤º¸¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ·¹ÆÛ·±½Ì ÀÀ´äÀÌ µ¹¾Æ¿Ô´Ù.

resp: nlookup(www.openbsd.org) qtype=1
resp: found 'www.openbsd.org' as 'openbsd.org' (cname=0)

ij½¬¿¡¼­ 'www.openbsd.org.'¸¦ ã´Â °úÁ¤ Áß, 'openbsd.org.' ·¹º§ÀÇ À§ÀÓÀ» ¹ß°ßÇß´Ù.

resp: forw -> [199.185.137.3].53 ds=23 nsid=19467 id=28375 22ms
datagram from [199.185.137.3].53, fd 21, len 272;

'CVS.OPENBSD.ORG(199.185.137.3)'·Î ÁúÀǸ¦ Æ÷¿öµùÇÑ ÈÄ, ±â´ëÇÑ ÀÀ´ä(A)À» ¼ö½ÅÇÏ¿´´Ù. (µð¹ö±ë ·¹º§ 1¿¡¼­´Â À§ÀÓ Á¤º¸¸¸ÀÌ Ç¥½ÃµÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡, °á°úÀÇ ³»¿ëÀ» º¸°íÀÚ ÇÒ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ´õ ³ôÀº µð¹ö±ë ·¹º§À» Àû¿ëÇÏ¿©¾ß¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù)

send_msg -> [210.105.79.6].3442 (UDP 21) id=28375

¸¶Áö¸·À¸·Î °Ë»öµÈ °á°ú¸¦ Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®¿¡ ÀÀ´äÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, 28375 Äõ¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ Ã³¸®°¡ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ¸¶¹«¸®µÇ¾ú´Ù.

7. DNS ¿À·ù ¼öÁ¤ µµ±¸

7.1 NSLOOKUP

³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ¿î¿µÇÏ°í °ü¸®Çϴµ¥ ÀÖ¾î ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¹ß°ßÇÏ°í ÇØ°áÇϱâ À§ÇØ ResolverÀÇ ÀÔÀåÀ¸·Î ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ½ÃÇèÇغ¼ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ½Ã½ºÅÛ¿¡ ±âº» ¼³Ä¡µÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â nslookupÀº dig¿Í ÇÔ²² °¡Àå ³Î¸® »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö ÁúÀÇ µµ±¸·Î½á, µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¸Þ´ÏÀúÀÇ ±âº» ¹«±âÁß ÇϳªÀÌ´Ù.

$ nslookup
Default Server:  ns.nobreak.com
Address:  210.105.79.2
> exit

nslookupÀº ½ÇÇàÈÄ ´ëÈ­Çü ÇÁ·ÒÇÁÆ® '>'¸¦ Ç¥½ÃÇÏ°í '/etc/resolv.conf'¿¡ Á¤ÀÇµÈ Ã¹ ¹ø° ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ±âº» ÁúÀÇ ¼­¹ö·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. 'nslookup'Àº BIND¿Í ´Þ¸® ÇϳªÀÇ ¼­¹ö¸¸À» ÁúÀÇ¿¡ »ç¿ëÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ 'Default NS -> Timeout -> Error'¿Í °°ÀÌ µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù.

µµ¸ÞÀÎ ³×ÀÓ °Ë»ö

nslookupÀº ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÔ·ÂµÈ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ A ·¹Äڵ带 °Ë»öÇÏ°í, IP ÁÖ¼Ò(in-addr.arpa)¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â PTR ·¹Äڵ带 °Ë»öÇÑ´Ù. 'set type=RR' ¸í·ÉÀ¸·Î A ·¹ÄÚµå ÀÌ¿ÜÀÇ ·¹ÄÚµå ¶ÇÇÑ °Ë»öÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, RR(Resource Record)¿¡´Â A,ANY,CNAME,HINFO,MX,NS,PTR,SOA,TXT µîÀÌ ¿Ã ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÀÌÁß ANY´Â °ü·ÃµÈ ·¹ÄÚµåµéÀ» ¸ðµÎ Ãâ·ÂÇ϶ó´Â ¾à¼Ó ±âÈ£ÀÌ´Ù.

> www.kr.freebsd.org.                 # IP °Ë»ö
Name:    www.kr.freebsd.org
Address:  150.183.110.39

> ftp.kr.freebsd.org.
Name:    www.kr.freebsd.org           # ftp´Â wwwÀÇ CNAME
Address:  150.183.110.39
Aliases:  ftp.kr.freebsd.org

> 150.183.110.39                      # µµ¸ÞÀÎ °Ë»ö
Name:    www.kr.freebsd.org
Address:  150.183.110.39

> set type=MX                         # MX ·¹ÄÚµå °Ë»ö
> kr.freebsd.org.
kr.freebsd.org  preference = 10, mail exchanger = mail.kr.freebsd.org

> set type=NS                         # NS ·¹ÄÚµå °Ë»ö
> kr.freebsd.org.                     # µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ È®ÀÎ
kr.freebsd.org     nameserver = ns.kr.freebsd.org
kr.freebsd.org     nameserver = ns2.kr.freebsd.org
ns.kr.freebsd.org  internet address = 150.183.110.2
ns2.kr.freebsd.org internet address = 150.183.110.3

> 46.102.39.in-addr.arpa.             # Àιö½º µµ¸ÞÀÎ À§ÀÓ È®ÀÎ
kr.freebsd.org     nameserver = ns.kr.freebsd.org
kr.freebsd.org     nameserver = ns2.kr.freebsd.org
ns.kr.freebsd.org  internet address = 150.183.110.2
ns2.kr.freebsd.org internet address = 150.183.110.3

±âº» Äõ¸® ¼­¹ö º¯°æ

nslookupÀº ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î recurse ¸ðµå·Î µ¿ÀÛÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ¶§·Ð ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Authority¸¦ °®´Â ƯÁ¤ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ÁúÀǸ¦ ÇÏ¿© Authoritative ÀÀ´ä(³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ Ä³½¬¿¡¼­°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ)À» È®ÀÎ ÇÒ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. 'server', 'lserver' ¸í·ÉÀ¸·Î ±âº» ÁúÀÇ ¼­¹ö¸¦ º¯°æ ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µÎ ¸í·ÉÀº ÁÖ¾îÁø ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò(Äõ¸®°¡ ¾Æ´Ñ)¸¦ ãÀ» ¶§ »ç¿ëÇÒ ÁúÀÇ ¼­¹öÀÇ Â÷ÀÌÀε¥, 'server'´Â ÇöÀçÀÇ ±âº» ¼­¹ö¸¦ ÅëÇÏ°í, 'lserver'´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛ ±âº» ¼­¹ö(nslookup ±¸µ¿½Ã Ãʱ⠼³Á¤µÇ´Â)¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÔÀÌ ´Ù¸£´Ù. 'lserver'¸í·ÉÀº Ÿ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö·Î ½ºÀ§Äª ÇÑ ÈÄ, ´Ù½Ã ´Ù¸¥ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö·Î ½ºÀ§ÄªÇÏ·Á Çϴµ¥, ÇöÀçÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾Ê¾Æ ÇØ´ç ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °Ë»öÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ ¶§ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½À» º¸ÀÚ.

$ nslookup
Default Server:  ns.nobreak.com
Address:  210.105.79.2

nslookup ±¸µ¿½ÃÀÇ ±âº» ¼­¹ö 'ns.nobreak.com'ÀÌ 'lserver' ¸í·É¿¡¼­ ÁÖ¾îÁø NSÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ã±âÀ§ÇÑ ÁúÀÇ ¼­¹ö°¡ µÈ´Ù.

> server ns.jp.freebsd.org.        # ±âº» ¼­¹ö º¯°æ
Default Server:  ns.jp.freebsd.org
Address:  199.100.7.25

> server ns.nobreak.com.
*** Can't find address for server ns.nobreak.com: Non-existent host/domain

ns.jp.freebsd.org¸¦ ÅëÇØ ns.nobreak.comÀ» ãÀ» ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù. À̶§¿¡´Â 'lserver' ¸í·ÉÀ¸·Î ½Ã½ºÅÛ ±âº» ¼­¹ö¸¦ ÅëÇØ 'ns.nobreak.com'ÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ °Ë»öÇÑ´Ù.

> lserver ns.nobreak.com.
Default Server:  ns.nobreak.com
Address:  210.105.79.2

·çÆ® ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ÁúÀÇ ¼­¹ö·Î ÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÒ ¶§´Â, °£´ÜÈ÷ 'root' ¸í·ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

> root
Default Server:  a.root-servers.net
Address:  198.41.0.4

³×ÀÓ ¼­¹öó·³ ÁúÀÇÇϱâ

³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö´Â ResolverÀÇ ¿äûÀ» ó¸®Çϱâ À§ÇØ, ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º¸¦ °Ë»öÇϸç, ¿©·¯ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿Í Åë½ÅÀ» Çϴµ¥, nslookupÀ¸·Î µ¿ÀÏÇÑ °úÁ¤À» ¹â¾Æº¸µµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ. ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ÀÎÅͳݻ󿡼­ ¾î¶»°Ô µ¿ÀÛÇϸç, ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öµé °£¿¡´Â ¾î¶² »ç°ÇµéÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇÏ°í, ¿©·¯ºÐÀ» À§ÇØ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÇÏ´ÂÁö, ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀÎ ´À³¦À» ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö ÀÖÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù.

[Image]
[±×¸² 7] ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öó·³ ÁúÀÇÇϱâ

  1. > set norecurse     # Iterative ¸ðµå·Î Àüȯ
    > www.kr.freebsd.org.
    Server:  ns.nobreak.com
    Address:  210.105.79.2
    
    Name:    www.kr.freebsd.org
    Served by:
    - H.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
                 128.63.2.53
                 ORG
    - B.ROOT-SERVERS.NET
                 128.9.0.107
                 ORG
             ...
    
    'ORG.'°¡ °ü¸®µÇ´Â ·çÆ® ¼­¹öµéÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ·¹ÆÛ·±½Ì ÇØÁØ´Ù.
  2. > server h.root-servers.net.
    > www.kr.freebsd.org.
    Server:  h.root-servers.net
    Address:  128.63.2.53
    
    Name:    www.kr.freebsd.org
    Served by:
    - WHO.CDROM.COM
              204.216.27.3
              FREEBSD.ORG
    - NS1.CRL.COM
              165.113.1.36
              FREEBSD.ORG
    - NS2.CRL.COM
              165.113.61.37
              FREEBSD.ORG
    
  3. > server who.cdrom.com.
    > www.kr.freebsd.org.
    Server:  who.cdrom.com
    Address:  204.216.27.3
    
    Name:    www.kr.freebsd.org
    Served by:
    - ns.kr.freebsd.org
              150.183.110.2
              kr.freebsd.org
    - ns2.kr.freebsd.org
              150.183.110.3
              kr.freebsd.org
    
  4. > server ns.kr.freebsd.org.
    > www.kr.freebsd.org.
    Server:  ns.kr.freebsd.org
    Address:  150.183.110.2
    
    Name:    www.kr.freebsd.org
    Address:  150.183.110.39
    

Zone Transfer

ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Zone¿¡ ´ëÇÑ º¹»çº»À» ¾ò±âÀ§ÇØ, Primary·ÎºÎÅÍ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ ²ø¾î¿À´Â ÀÛ¾÷À» Zone Transfer¶ó ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ ÀÛ¾÷Àº ÁÖ·Î Secondary NS Ãø¿¡¼­ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö¸ç, ¶§¶§·Î ¾ó¸¶³ª ¸¹Àº ¼öÀÇ È£½ºÆ®°¡ µî·ÏµÇ¾î ÀÖ´ÂÁö ȤÀº ZoneÀÇ ¹®¹ýÀû ¿À·ù¸¦ °Ë»çÇϱâ À§ÇØ °ü¸®ÀÚ°¡ ¼öµ¿À¸·Î Á¶ÀÛÇϱ⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. Zone Transfer´Â Authority¸¦ °®´Â ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ÁúÀÇÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇϹǷÎ, nslookup »ó¿¡¼­ ÇØ´ç NS·Î ÁúÀÇ ¼­¹ö¸¦ º¯°æÇÑÈÄ, 'ls' ¸í·ÉÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

> server ns.kr.freebsd.org.
> ls -t A kr.freebsd.org      # A ·¹ÄÚµå Ãâ·Â
kr.freebsd.org.                server = ns.kr.freebsd.org
kr.freebsd.org.                server = ns2.kr.freebsd.org
mail                           150.183.110.32
mqueue                         150.183.110.33
www                            150.183.110.39
www2                           150.183.110.40

> ls -d kr.freebsd.org        # ¸ðµç ·¹ÄÚµå Ãâ·Â
kr.freebsd.org.                SOA   ns.nobreak.com hostmaster.kr.freebsd.org.
                               (1999031501 21600 1800 1209600 86400)
kr.freebsd.org.                NS    ns.nobreak.com
kr.freebsd.org.                NS    ns2.nobreak.com
kr.freebsd.org.                MX    10   mail.kr.freebsd.org
kr.freebsd.org.                MX    20   mqueue.kr.freebsd.org
cvsup                          CNAME www.kr.freebsd.org
mail                           A     150.183.110.32
mqueue                         A     150.183.110.33
ftp                            CNAME www.kr.freebsd.org
ftp2                           CNAME www2.kr.freebsd.org
ftp3                           CNAME ftp.free.nobreak.com
www                            A     150.183.110.39
www                            HINFO Pentium-200  FreeBSD 2.2.8
www                            TXT  "Korea FreeBSD Users Group"
www2                           A     150.183.110.40
www2                           HINFO Pentium-133MHz  FreeBSD 2.2.8
www2                           TXT  "Korea FreeBSD Users Group"

> ls -t MX kr.freebsd.org > MX-kr.freebsd.org   # ÆÄÀÏ·Î ÀúÀå
> view MX-kr.freebsd.org                        # ÆÄÀÏ ³»¿ë È®ÀÎ

BINDÀÇ °æ¿ì 'named-xfer'¶ó´Â ¿ÜºÎ ÇÁ·Î±×·¥À» »ç¿ëÇØ Zone Transfer¸¦ ¼öÇàÇÑ´Ù. ³×ÀÓ¼­¹öÀÇ ÀÔÀå¿¡¼­ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ Secondary ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ìÀÇ Ã³¸®°úÁ¤À» »ìÆ캸ÀÚ.

secondary       kr.freebsd.org  210.105.79.2    sec-kr.freebsd.org

BIND´Â 'secondary' ¸í·ÉÀ» ¸¸³ª¸é ³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ µ¿ÀÛÇÑ´Ù.

loop(Interval == TTL) {
        named-xfer -z kr.freebsd.org -f /var/named/sec-kr.freebsd.org -s Current_Serial 210.105.79.2
        switch ( $? ) {      // 'named-xfer'´Â ȯ°æ º¯¼ö '$?'¿¡ °á°ú¸¦ º¹±ÍÇÔ
                case 0 : OK; // ½Ã¸®¾óÀÌ °°À½, Zone Transfer°¡ ÇÊ¿äÄ¡ ¾ÊÀ½
                case 1 : OK; // ½Ã¸®¾óÀÌ Áõ°¡ÇßÀ½, Zone Transfer°¡ ¼º°øÀûÀ¸·Î ¼öÇàµÊ
                case 2 : ERROR; // ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ãÀ» ¼ö ¾øÀ½
                                // ȤÀº ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Authority¸¦ °®Áö ¾ÊÀ½
                case 3 : ERROR: // ½Ã¸®¾óÀÌ °¨¼ÒÇßÀ½, ±âÁ¸ÀÇ ¹é¾÷Ä«ÇÇ À¯Áö
        }
        primary  kr.freebsd.org  sec-kr.freebsd.org
}

º¸¾ÈÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯·Î Çã¶ôµÈ °÷(¿¹: Secondary NS's IP)¿¡¼­¸¸ Zone Transfer¸¦ Çã¿ëÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÑ´Ù¸é, Primary NSÀÇ ºÎÆ®ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁØ´Ù. (Zone Transfer¸¸À» Á¦ÇÑÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡, È£½ºÆ®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °³º° Äõ¸®´Â Çã¿ëµÈ´Ù)

xfrnets  210.105.79.3&255.255.255.255  210.105.80.128&255.255.255.128

ÀÌ°ÍÀº BIND-4ÀÇ ¼³Á¤¿¹Àε¥, IP 210.105.79.3°ú 210.105.80.129-254 ¿¡¼­¸¸ Zone Transfer¸¦ Çã¿ëÇ϶ó´Â ÀǹÌÀÌ´Ù. BIND-4¿¡¼­´Â °³º° IP¿Í ¼­ºê³ÝÀ¸·Î ³ª´©¾îÁø ºí·°¿¡ ´ëÇØ ``IP&Mask''ÀÇ Çü½ÄÀ¸·Î ¸ñ·ÏÀ» ÀÛ¼ºÇϸç, Ŭ·¡½º Àüü¸¦ Çã¿ëÇÏ°íÀÚ ÇÒ °æ¿ì¿£ '210.105.79.0'°ú °°ÀÌ ¸¶½ºÅ©¸¦ »ý·«ÇÏ¿©µµ µÈ´Ù.

options {
        allow-transfer { localnets; 210.105.79.3; };
};

BIND-8ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿¡ ÇØ´ç ¼­¹ö°¡ ¼ÓÇÑ ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿Í, 210.105.79.3¸¸À» Çã¿ëÇÑ ¿¹ÀÌ´Ù. localnets´Â ¿¹¾à¾îÀÌ¸ç ´Ù¸¥ ¿¹¾à¾î·Î´Â any, none, localhost °¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

ÃʱâÈ­ ÆÄÀÏ '.nslookuprc'

nslookupÀº ½ÇÇà½Ã '~/.nslookuprc' ÆÄÀÏÀÌ Á¸ÀçÇϸé, ³»¿ëÀ» ÀÐ¾î ¿É¼ÇÀ» Á¶Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. ¸Å¹ø ¼³Á¤ÇÏ´Â ¿É¼ÇÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù¸é, º» ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÅëÇØ °£ÆíÈ­ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ú´Ù.

* .nslookuprc ÆÄÀÏ ¿¹
set type=NS
set nosearch
set debug

7.2 DIG

Dig(Domain Information Groper)ÀÇ »ç¿ë¹ýÀ» Á¶±Ý¸¸ ¤¾îº¸µµ·Ï ÇÏÀÚ. 'nslookup'°úÀÇ ±â´ÉÀû Â÷ÀÌ´Â Å©°Ô ¾øÁö¸¸, »ç¿ëÀÌ °£°áÇÏ°í, Ãâ·ÂÀÌ »ó¼¼ÇÏ¿©, Shell Scriptµî¿¡¼­ ÁÖ·Î »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½Àº ns.kornet.ne.krÀ» ÅëÇØ www.nobreak.comÀÇ A ·¹Äڵ带 °Ë»öÇÑ °á°úÀÌ´Ù.

$ dig [@³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö] µµ¸ÞÀÎ [Äõ¸®Å¸ÀÔ] [+Äõ¸®¿É¼Ç]
$ dig  @ns.kornet.ne.kr  www.nobreak.com  A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.nobreak.com.        16h12m36s IN CNAME  ns.nobreak.com.
ns.nobreak.com.         1d19h12m27s IN A  210.105.79.2
;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
nobreak.com.            22h17m35s IN NS  ns.nobreak.com.
nobreak.com.            22h17m35s IN NS  ns2.nobreak.com.
;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns.nobreak.com.         1d19h12m27s IN A  210.105.79.2
ns2.nobreak.com.        1d1h46m58s IN A  210.105.79.3

DIG´Â Äõ¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ ANSWER SECTION¿¡, ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ÀÎÁõÀ» °®´Â ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö Á¤º¸¸¦ AUTHORITY SECTION¿¡, ±×¸®°í, ±Û·ç·¹ÄÚµå µîÀÌ ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì ±×¿¡´ëÇÑ Á¤º¸¸¦ ADDITIONAL SECTION¿¡ Ãâ·ÂÇÏ¿© ÁØ´Ù.

7.3 DNSWALK

Dnswalk´Â Perl·Î Á¦ÀÛµÈ ½ºÅ©¸³Æ®·Î½á Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â È£½ºÆ®¸¦ °¡¸£Å°´Â MX, PTRÀÌ ¾ø´Â A, À߸øµÈ CNAME, À¯È¿ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº À̸§¹®ÀÚ, ´©¶ôµÈ Æ®·¹Àϸµ µµÆ®, ºÒÇʿ䳪 ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå, Lame Delegation µî Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽ºÀÇ ´Ù¾çÇÑ ¿À·ù¸¦ ã¾ÆÁØ´Ù. ¹Ìó ¹ß°ßÄ¡ ¸øÇÑ ¹®Á¦Á¡À» Áø´ÜÇϴµ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ù. DnswalkÀÇ ÃֽŠ¹öÁ¯Àº ´ÙÀ½ ÁÖ¼Ò¿¡¼­ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

$ dnswalk -raFl freebsd.org.
Checking freebsd.org.
Getting zone transfer of freebsd.org. from ns2.iafrica.com...done.
SOA=implode.root.com    contact=hostmaster.freebsd.org
FAIL: Cannot get SOA record for pt.freebsd.org from zeus.ci.ua.pt
(lame?): Connection refused
BAD: lv.freebsd.org NS ns.fasts.com: lame NS delegation
BAD: eu.freebsd.org NS server.zsb.th-darmstadt.de: unknown host
WARN: irc3.freebsd.org CNAME irc.nocturnal.net: CNAME (to nocturnal.net)
WARN: ns.th.freebsd.org A 203.154.230.20: no PTR record
WARN: irc2.freebsd.org CNAME va.i-Plus.net: unknown host
1 failures, 3 warnings, 1 errors.

Dnswalk´Â °Ë»ç¸¦ ¼öÇàÇϱâ À§ÇØ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» Zone Transfer ÇÑ ÈÄ ³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î Dig¿Í Resolver ·çƾÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. DelegationµÈ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» µû¶ó°¡¸ç °Ë»ç¸¦ ÇàÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡ °Å´ë µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» °ü¸®ÇÑ´Ù¸é ÇѹøÂë »ç¿ëÇغ½Á÷ ÇÏ´Ù.

8. Miscellaneous

8.1 FQDN(Fully Qualified Domain Name)

FQDNÀº ¸íÈ®ÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀΠǥ±â¹ýÀ» ĪÇÑ´Ù. ¿¹·Î ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î ¼³Ä¡ Áß µµ¸ÞÀθíÀ» ¿ä±¸Çϸé, 'YAHOO.COM.'À» ÀÔ·ÂÇÒÁö, 'WWW.YAHOO.COM.'À» ÀÔ·ÂÇÒÁö ¸ðÈ£ÇÏ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¸ðÈ£¼ºÀ» ÇÇÇϱâ À§ÇØ FQDNÀ̶õ ´Ü¾î¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϸç, ÀÌ´Â Namespace °èÃþ»ó¿¡¼­ ÃÖÁ¾ È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ´Â µµ¸ÞÀθíÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù.

www(È£½ºÆ®¸í), yahoo.com.(µµ¸ÞÀθí), www.yahoo.com.(FQDN)

¿øÄ¢ÀûÀ¸·Î µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Ç¥±â´Â ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º»óÀÇ °æ·Î¸¦ ¸íÈ®È÷ Çϱâ À§ÇØ ³¡¿¡ µµÆ®('.' ·çÆ® µµ¸ÞÀÎ)¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÏÁö¸¸, º¸Åë µµÆ®¸¦ »ý·«ÇÏ°í »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.

8.2 DNS¿Í BINDÀÇ Â÷ÀÌ

DNS´Â Domain Name SystemÀÇ ¾àÀڷνá, ºÐ»ê ³×ÀÌ¹Ö ½Ã½ºÅÛÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. Á¶±Ý ½±°Ô Ç®¾îº¸¸é, µµ¸ÞÀθíÀ» IP ÁÖ¼Ò·Î º¯È¯ÇØÁÖ´Â ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀÌ´Ù. Áï, ÀÎÅͳݿ¡ Á¸ÀçÇÏ´Â ¼ö¸¹Àº ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö´Â °¢°¢ µµ¸ÞÀÎ °èÃþ»óÀÇ ÀϺκÐÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ°í, Á¤º¸¸¦ ¿ä±¸Çϴ Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ® Resolver´Â ±ÔÄ¢¿¡ µû¶ó ºÐ»êµÈ ÀÚ·áÁß ¿øÇÏ´Â Á¤º¸¸¦ ãÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛ, ÀÌ °ÍÀ» DNS ¶ó°í ÇÑ´Ù.

BIND´Â Berkeley Internet Name DomainÀÇ ¾àÀÚ·Î, DNS¸¦ ±¸ÇöÇÑ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾îÀÇ ÇϳªÀ̸鼭, '¿öÅ©¸Ç'À̶õ ´Ü¾îó·³ DNS¸¦ ±¸ÇöÇÑ ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦ ĪÇÏ´Â ´ë¸í»ç·Î ¾²À̱⵵ ÇÑ´Ù. BIND´Â °ÅÀÇ ¸ðµç Ç÷§Æû¿¡ Æ÷ÆõǾú°í, °¡Àå ³Î¸® »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.

8.3 BIND-4(Traditional)¿Í BIND-8(Next Generation) °¡Áö

BIND´Â 1999³â 1¿ù ÇöÀç BIND-4¿Í BIND-8ÀÇ µÎ °¡Áö°¡ Á¸ÀçÇÑ´Ù. 1998³â 5¿ù 11ÀÏ ÃÖÁ¾ ¹öÀü 4.9.7ÀÌ ¸±¸®ÁîµÇ¸ç ÀüÅëÀûÀÎ BIND-4 °¡Áö´Â ¸¶°¨µÇ¾ú°í, BIND-8 °¡Áö´Â ÇöÀç 8.2¸¦ ¸±¸®ÁîÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. BIND-8Àº RFC2136, RFC1996À» ¼ö·ÅÇÏ¿© ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁò°ú º¸¾ÈÀÌ Å©°Ô °³¼±µÇ¾î ¹ßÇ¥µÇ¾ú´Ù. Á¡ÁøÀûÀ¸·Î BIND-8·Î ¿Å°Ü°¥ Å×Áö¸¸, ÇöÀç ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀÎ ¸Þ´ÏÀú¿Í OS º¥´õ°¡ ¿À·£±â°£ °ËÁõµÈ BIND-4¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î, µÎ °¡Áö´Â ¾ÕÀ¸·Îµµ »ó´ç±â°£ °øÁ¸ÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµÈ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÁÖ È帧Àº BIND-8·Î ³Ñ¾î°¡°í ÀÖ´Ù.

BIND-4¿Í BIND-8ÀÇ ¿ÜºÎÀûÀÎ Â÷ÀÌ´Â, ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀÇ º¯È­ÀÌ´Ù. BIND-4¿¡¼­´Â ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀÌ named.boot ÀÌ°í, BIND-8¿¡¼­´Â named.conf ÀÌ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀÇ ÀÛ¼º ¹æ¹ýµµ Â÷ÀÌ°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±âŸ Zone ÆÄÀÏ°ú ij½¬ ÆÄÀÏ µîÀº µ¿ÀÏÇϹǷÎ, BIND-4¿¡¼­ BIND-8·ÎÀÇ ¸¶À̱׷¹À̼ÇÀº ¼ÒÇÁÆ®¿þ¾î¸¦ ¼³Ä¡ÇÏ°í, ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏÀ» ÄÁ¹öÆÃÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î Á·ÇÏ´Ù.

8.4 Public Domain

º¸Åë µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ̶ó Çϸé ÆÛºí¸¯ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ´Â ÀÎÅÍ³Ý ¾îµð¿¡¼­³ª Á¢¼ÓÀÌ °¡´ÉÇϵµ·Ï ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º °¡Áö »ó¿¡ ³õ¿©ÀÖ´Â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¶æÇÑ´Ù. Áï, ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º»ó¿¡ ¸µÅ© µÇÁö ¾ÊÀº µµ¸ÞÀÎÀº ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ ±¸ÃàÇÏ¿©µµ ÇØ´ç ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ °ÅÃÄ Á÷Á¢ resolvingÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¸¦ Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°ï ãÀ» ¼ö ¾ø´Â Æó¼â µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÌ µÈ´Ù. »ç³»¿¡¼­ º¸¾ÈµîÀÇ ÀÌÀ¯·Î °£È¤ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.

8.5 CNAMEÀÇ »ç¿ë¿¡ °üÇØ

CNAMEÀÇ »ç¿ë ¿©ºÎ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¸¹Àº DNS Àü¹®°¡µéÀº ´Ù¸¥ ÀÇ°ßÀ» º¸ÀδÙ. A ·¹Äڵ常À» »ç¿ëÇÏÀÚ´Â ÀÇ°ßµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ƯÈ÷, CNAMEÀÌ CNAMEÀ» Æ÷ÀÎÆÃÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­´Â °ü·Ã ÀڷḶ´Ù 'µÈ´Ù/¾ÈµÈ´Ù' ½ÄÀÇ ÀúÀÚ ÀÇ°ßÀÌ µé¾î°¡ ÀÖ°í, Ãʱâ RFC¿¡¼­´Â À̸¦ ±ÝÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, BIND implementationÀº À̸¦ Áö¼ÓÀûÀ¸·Î º¸¾È È®´ëÇÏ°í Àִµ¥ À̴ Ÿ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ ¼­ºñ½º¸¦ AliasingÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¸¦ Æ÷ÇÔÇÏ¿©, CNAME ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ¸Å¿ì À¯¿ëÇÑ °ÍÀÌ »ç½ÇÀÌ°í ƯÁ¤ È£½ºÆ®ÀÇ IP°¡ º¯°æµÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ °ü·ÃµÈ ·¹Äڵ带 ã¾Æ´Ù´Ï¸ç ¼öÁ¤À» Çϱ⠺¸´Ù´Â, CNAMEÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ¿© ÁÖ ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ ¼öÁ¤ ³»¿ªÀ» Æı޽ÃÅ°´Â °ÍÀÌ ¿©·¯¸ð·Î Æí¸®ÇÏ°í È¿À²ÀûÀ̱⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. CNAME ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ ¿ë¹ý(MX, SOA, NSµîÀÇ ·¹ÄÚµå¿Í ¿¬°áÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â°Í)¸¸ ÁؼöÇÑ´Ù¸é CNAMEÀº ¸Å¿ì À¯¿ëÇÏ°Ô È°¿ë µÉ ¼ö ÀÖÀ¸¸®¶ó »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù.

8.6 Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º ÀÛ¼º¿¡ ´ëÇØ

ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ ±ÔÄ¢À» ÁؼöÇØ Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¸¦ ÀÛ¼ºÇÏ¸é ½Ç¼ö¸¦ ÁÙÀ̴µ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù.

  1. TABÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ ¿­À» ¸ÂÃá´Ù. ÀÌ°ÍÀº ºüÁø ·¹Äڵ带 ã´Âµ¥ µµ¿òÀÌ µÈ´Ù.
  2. TTL °ªµéÀº ¸ðµÎ ÃÊ´ÜÀ§¸¦ »ç¿ëÇϰųª 2D, 1W¿Í °°ÀÌ ¸ðµÎ ´ÜÀ§±âÈ£¸¦ »ç¿ëÇØ ÀÏ·üÀûÀ¸·Î ±âÀÔÇÑ´Ù.
  3. È£½ºÆ® Á¤ÀÇ´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸ðµÎ È£½ºÆ®¸í¸¸À» »ç¿ëÇϰųª, ¸ðµÎ FQDN Ç¥±âÇÑ´Ù.
    ftp                     IN      MX      mail
    www                     IN      CNAME   power
    
    ftp.nobreak.com.        IN      MX      mail.nobreak.com.
    www.nobreak.com.        IN      CNAME   power.nobreak.com.
    
    ȤÀº ÁÂÃøÀº È£½ºÆ®¸íÀ» ¿ìÃø¿£ FQDN Ç¥±âÇÑ´Ù. Ÿ ±â°üÀÇ È£½ºÆ®¸¦ CNAMEÀ¸·Î ¿¬°áÇÒ °æ¿ì°¡ Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ Á»´õ ÀϹÝÀûÀÌ°í ¸¹ÀÌ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
    ftp                     IN      MX      mail.nobreak.com.
    www                     IN      CNAME   power.nobreak.com.
    
  4. °¡´ÉÇϸé, ¾ËÆĺª ¼ø¼­´ë·Î ³ª¿­ÇÏ¿©, Áߺ¹ Á¤ÀǵǴ ºÎºÐÀÌ ¾øµµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.

8.7 ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå (Glue Record)

±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå´Â NS ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ ÀÎÀÚ·Î ÁÖ¾îÁö´Â A ·¹Äڵ带 ¸»Çϸç, ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡ ºÎÆ®½ºÆ®·¦ Á¤º¸¸¦ Á¦°øÇÑ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ °æ¿ì 'ns.nms.nobreak.com'ÀÌ ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµåÀÌ´Ù.

nms.nobreak.com.        IN      NS      ns.nms.nobreak.com.
ns.nms.nobreak.com.     IN      A       150.183.110.2       ; ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå

ÇÏÁö¸¸, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¿ÜºÎ¿¡¼­ °ü¸®µÇ´Â ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö 'ns.kr.freebsd.org'·Î µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» À§ÀÓÇÏ´Â °æ¿ì¿£, 'freebsd.org'ÀÇ NS¿¡¼­ ±Û·Î ·¹ÄÚµå 'ns.kr.freebsd.org'°¡ ÀÌ¹Ì Á¤ÀǵǾî ÀÖÀ¸¹Ç·Î ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå 'ns.nms.nobreak.com'¿¡ 'ns.kr.freebsd.org'ÀÇ IP¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÏ¿© ºÎÆ®½ºÆ®·¦ Á¤º¸·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ¿©¼­´Â ¾ÈµÈ´Ù.

nms.nobreak.com.        IN      NS      ns.nms.nobreak.com. ; (X) Áߺ¹µÈ ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå
ns.nms.nobreak.com.     IN      A       210.105.79.2

nms.nobreak.com.        IN      NS      ns.kr.freebsd.org.  ; (O) ¹Ù¸¥ »ç¿ë

À̸¦ Áߺ¹µÈ ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå¶ó Çϸç, Áߺ¹µÈ ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ »õ·Î¿î IP ÁÖ¼Ò·Î ¿Å°Ü°¡°Å³ª ¾ø¾îÁö´Â °ÍÀ» ¾î·Æ°Ô ÇÑ´Ù. ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ±Û·ç ·¹ÄÚµå´Â ³×ÀÓ½ºÆäÀ̽º»ó¿¡ À¯ÀÏÇÏ°Ô À¯ÁöµÇ´Â°ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù.

8.8 Lame Delegation

Lame delegationÀ̶õ Namespace »ó¿¡¼­ ±ú¾îÁø ¸µÅ©¸¦ ¸»ÇÑ´Ù.

nms.nobreak.com         IN      NS      ns.nms.nobreak.com.
                        IN      NS      ns2.nms.nobreak.com.

¿¹¸¦µé¾î 'nms.nobreak.com'ÀÌ À§¿Í °°ÀÌ µÎ °³ÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ °®À¸³ª, µÎ ¼­¹ö Áß Çϳª ȤÀº ¸ðµÎ°¡ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ Authority¸¦ °®Áö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì, Áï Primary, Secondary ¼³Á¤ÀÌ ¾ÈµÇ¾î ÀÖÀ» °æ¿ì°¡ Lame delegation¿¡ ÇØ´çµÈ´Ù.

8.9 'Authoritative answer'¿Í 'Non-authoritative answer'

Name Server´Â ÁúÀÇ¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °á°ú¸¦ ij½¬¿¡ ÀúÀåÇÏ°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ °°Àº ÁúÀÇ°¡ ¿ä±¸µÇ¾úÀ» ¶§ Namespace¸¦ µÚÁöÁö ¾Ê°í ij½¬ÀÇ ÀÚ·á·Î ºü¸£°Ô ÀÀ´äÇÑ´Ù. ij½¬ÀÇ ÀÚ·á´Â Resolving½Ã ¾òÀº TTL(Time To Live) ½Ã°£ µ¿¾È¿¡¸¸ À¯È¿ÇÏ°í, TTL °æ°úÈÄ¿¡´Â ÆıâµÈ´Ù. Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®ÀÇ µµ¸ÞÀÎ Resolving ¿äû½Ã ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ij½¬ÀÇ ÀÚ·á·Î ÀÀ´ä ÇÒ °æ¿ì´Â 'Non-authoritative answer'ÀÌ°í, ij½¬¿¡ ÀÚ·á°¡ ¾ø°Å³ª, ÀÚ·áÀÇ TTLÀÌ ¸¸±âµÇ¾î ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀÇ Primary ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡¼­ Á÷Á¢ ÀڷḦ ¾ò¾î ´äº¯À» ÁÖ¾úÀ» °æ¿ì°¡ 'Authoritative answer'ÀÌ´Ù.

8.10 Positive & Negative Caching

½ÇÁ¦ »ýÈ°¿¡¼­ Resolving ¿äûÀº ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¸¹Àº ºÎºÐ Áߺ¹µÈ´Ù.

$ finger @kfug.kr.freebsd.org
$ talk nobreak@kfug.kr.freebsd.org

µû¶ó¼­, ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö´Â Çѹø °Ë»öÇÑ µµ¸ÞÀÎ Á¤º¸¸¦ ij½¬¿¡ À¯ÁöÇÏ¿©, ÈÄ¿¡ ¿äûµÉ °°Àº ÁúÀǸ¦ È¿À²ÀûÀ¸·Î ´ëóÇϵµ·Ï ±¸ÇöµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¸´Ù¸é, Á¸ÀçÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿äûÀº ¾î¶»°Ô ÇÒ±î? ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î À߸øµÈ µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿äûµµ ¸¹ÀÌ Áߺ¹µÈ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ÀÌ °æ¿ì ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö´Â °¡´ÉÇÑ °¡Áö¸¦ ¸ðµÎ Ž»öÇϹǷÎ, ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ ÀÎÅÍ³Ý Æ®·¡ÇÈ Áõ°¡¶ó´Â ¹®Á¦µµ Á¦±âµÈ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­, ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö´Â ÀÌ·¸µí À߸øµÈ Äõ¸®¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °á°úµµ ij½ÌÇÏ¿© ºÒÇÊ¿äÇÑ Æ®·¡ÇÈÀ» Â÷´ÜÇÑ´Ù. À̸¦ Negative ij½ÌÀ̶ó Çϸç, ¹Ý´ë·Î °Ë»öÀÌ µÇ´Â µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ Ä³½ÌÀ» Positive ij½ÌÀ̶ó ÇÑ´Ù.

Âü°í·Î, ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö´Â ij½¬¸¦ º°µµ·Î ÀúÀå, °ü¸®ÇÏÁö ¾Ê±â ¶§¹®¿¡ 'named'°¡ Á¾·áÇϸé ij½¬µµ ÇÔ²² »ç¶óÁø´Ù. µû¶ó¼­, °¡´ÉÇϸé Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽ºÀÇ ¼öÁ¤ÈÄ¿¡´Â Çà¾÷(kill -HUP) ½Ã±×³ÎÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇϵµ·Ï ÇÑ´Ù.

8.11 Iterative(Nonrecursive) & Recursive ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö

³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ Recursive ¸ðµå·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÒ ¶§¿¡´Â, Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®(À̸¦ 'Stub Resolver'¶ó ÇÑ´Ù)ÀÇ ¿äû¿¡ ´ëÇØ Namespace¸¦ °Ë»öÇÑÈÄ °á°ú¸¦ Àü´ÞÇÑ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ Iterative ¸ðµå¿¡¼­´Â ¾Ë ¼ö ¾ø´Â ÁúÀÇ(ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ °ü¸®ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿äû)¿¡ ´ëÇØ, ÀÀ´ä °¡´ÉÇÑ NSÀÇ ¸ñ·ÏÀ» Àü´ÞÇÑ´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀÇ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö´Â Recursive ¸ðµå·Î µ¿ÀÛÇϸç, Iterative ¸ðµå´Â ·çÆ®¼­¹ö¿Í °°ÀÌ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ À§ÇÑ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö(³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°£ÀÇ Åë½Å¿¡´Â Iterative ¸ðµå°¡ »ç¿ëµÊ)¿¡¼­ °ú´ÙÇÑ Æ®·¡ÇÈÀ» ¸·±âÀ§ÇØ »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®´Â Iterative ¸ðµå·Î ¼³Á¤µÈ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ¸¹Ç·Î, ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö ¸ñ·Ï(¿¹:resolv.conf, À©µµ¿ìÀÇ DNS ã±â¸ñ·Ï)¿¡ Ãß°¡ÇÏ¿©¼­´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù. BIND-4¿¡¼­´Â ºÎÆ®ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ 'options no-recursion'À» Ãß°¡ÇÔÀ¸·Î½á, Iterative ¸ðµå·Î ÀüȯÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°í, BIND-8ÀÇ °æ¿ì¿£ options ¿£Æ®¸®¿¡ 'recursion no;'¸¦ ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù.

8.12 RTT(Round Trip Time)°ú Nameserver ¼±ÅÃ

³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°£¿¡ ÁúÀÇ, ÀÀ´ä¿¡ ¼Ò¿äµÇ´Â ½Ã°£À» Round Trip TimeÀ̶ó ÇÑ´Ù.(Recursive ¸ðµåÇÏ¿¡¼­ÀÇ ÃÑ °Ë»ö ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù) BIND´Â ³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î Ÿ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ RTT °ªÀ» ±â·ÏÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù°¡, ¿äû µµ¸ÞÀο¡´ëÇÑ ´Ù¼öÀÇ Authority NS Áß RTT °ªÀÌ °¡Àå ³·Àº ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö·Î ¸ÕÀú ÁúÀÇÇÑ´Ù. Authority NSµé¿¡ ´ëÇÑ RTT Á¤º¸¸¦ °®°íÀÖÁö ¾ÊÀ»°æ¿ì¿£, ÇØ´ç ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö Àüü¿¡ ÁúÀÇ(µ¿½Ã¿¡)¸¦ º¸³»¾î ºü¸¥ ÀÀ´äÀ» ¾òÀ½°ú ÇÔ²² ºÎ°¡ÀûÀ¸·Î RTT¸¦ ÃøÁ¤ÇÑ´Ù. RTT°¡ ÃøÁ¤µÈ ´ÙÀ½ºÎÅÍ´Â ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿äûÀÌ RTT°¡ °¡Àå ÀûÀº ¼­¹ö·Î ¸ÕÀú º¸³»¾î Áø´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ, ¸î¸î ¼­¹ö¸¸ÀÌ °è¼Ó »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¸·±âÀ§ÇØ Äõ¸®¸¦ Àü¼ÛÇÒ ¶§ ¸¶´Ù ÇØ´ç ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¿¡ ´ëÇÑ RTT°ªÀ» Á¶±Ý¾¿ Áõ°¡½ÃŲ´Ù.

8.13 ¿ÍÀϵåÄ«µå (Âü°í RFC1034 p25)

Zone µ¥ÀÌÅͺ£À̽º¿¡´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¿ÍÀϵåÄ«µå(*) »ç¿ëÀÌ Çã¶ôµÈ´Ù.

*               IN      A       210.105.79.20

¿ÍÀϵåÄ«µå´Â 'Zone¿¡ ³ªÅ¸³ªÁö ¾ÊÀº È£½ºÆ®µé'¿¡ ¸ÅÇεǹǷÎ, ZoneÀÇ ¸ðµç È£½ºÆ®µé¿¡ Àû¿ëµÇ¸®¶ó ±â´ëÇÏ¿©¼± ¾È µÈ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °ü·ÃµÈ ÈçÇÑ ½Ç¼ö´Â ´ÙÀ½°ú °°Àº MX ·¹ÄÚµå¿ÍÀÇ ¿¬°áÀÌ´Ù.

*               IN      MX      mail

°ü¸®ÀÚ´Â ¸ðµç È£½ºÆ®·Î ¹è´ÞµÇ´Â ÆíÁö¸¦ ÇÑ°÷À¸·Î ¸ðÀ¸±â À§ÇØ, ¿ÍÀϵåÄ«µå¿Í MX¸¦ ¿¬°áÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸, ÀÌ°ÍÀº ±â´ëÇÑ ´ë·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ±â´ëÇÑ µ¿ÀÛÀ» ±¸ÇöÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ¸ðµç È£½ºÆ®¿¡ MX ·¹Äڵ带 Ãß°¡ÇÏ¿©¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ º» ¿¹´Â Á¤ÀǵÇÁö ¾ÊÀº È£½ºÆ®¸¦ ¸ñÀûÁö·ÎÇÑ ÆíÁö¸¦ ÇÑ°÷À¸·Î ¸ðÀ» »ÓÀÌ´Ù. (¶§·Ð À¯¿ëÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù)

¶ÇÇÑ, ¿ÍÀϵåÄ«µå´Â È£½ºÆ®¸í(µµ¸ÞÀÎ °¡ÁöÀÇ ÃÖ ÇÏ´Ü)À¸·Î¸¸ »ç¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½À» º¸ÀÚ.

www.*           IN      A       210.105.79.20

'www.ANYTHING.nobreak.com'ÀÇ µ¿ÀÛÀ» ±â´ëÇÏ¿´Áö¸¸, ÀÌ ±â¸·Èù ¾ÆÀ̵ð¾î´Â ºÒÇàÈ÷µµ Á¦´ë·Î µ¿ÀÛÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.

8.14 Serial Number Á¶Á¤

°Å´ë µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» °ü¸®ÇÏ´Â ¸Þ´ÏÀúµéÀÇ ½Ç¼ö Áß Çϳª´Â ÀæÀº ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®ÀÛ¾÷À¸·Î ÀÎÇÑ À߸øµÈ Serial ³Ñ¹ö¸µÀÌ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀÎ °ü·ÊÀÎ 'YYYYMMDDNN' Ç¥±â¹ýÀ¸·Î´Â 4294³â±îÁö Ç¥±â¸¦ ÇÒ ¼ö Àִµ¥, 19990205010°ú °°ÀÌ ½Ç¼ö·Î »ðÀÔµÈ '0'Àº ÇØ´ç Çʵ带 ¿À¹öÇÃ·Î¿ì ½ÃŲ´Ù. µû¶ó¼­ SecondaryÀÇ ZoneÀº Àå±â°£ ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®µÇÁö ¾ÊÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ÇØ°áÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

  1. Secondary¸¦ Á÷Á¢ °ü¸®ÇÑ´Ù¸é, ¸ÕÀú Primary ZoneÀÇ SerialÀ»

    Á¤»óÀûÀ¸·Î Á¶Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. Secondary¿¡ ÀúÀåµÇ¾î ÀÖ´Â Zone ÆÄÀÏ(Zone TransferµÈ)À» »èÁ¦ÇÑÈÄ BIND¸¦ Àç ±¸µ¿ÇÑ´Ù.

  2. Secondary°¡ Ÿ±â°ü¿¡ ÀÇÇØ °ü¸®µÇ¾î ¾ÕÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇÒ °æ¿ì,

    ZoneÀÇ SerialÀ» '0'À¸·Î ¼³Á¤ÇÑ´Ù. Secondary´Â '0'À» Serial·Î °®´Â Zone¿¡ ´ëÇؼ­, ¹«Á¶°ÇÀûÀÎ ¾÷µ¥ÀÌÆ®¸¦ °­ÇàÇϹǷÎ, Refresh Áֱ⸸ŭ ±â´Ù¸° ÈÄ, ´Ù½Ã Á¤»óÀûÀÎ Serial·Î Á¶Á¤ÇÏ¸é µÈ´Ù.

    nslookup  -type=SOA  kr.freebsd.org  ns2.nobreak.com
    

Secondry°¡ °®°í ÀÖ´Â ÇØ´ç ZoneÀÇ Serial ¹øÈ£´Â À§¿Í °°ÀÌ È®ÀÎÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.

8.15 IP º¯µ¿¿¡ µû¸¥ TTL Á¶Á¤

¼­ºñ½º µÇ°íÀÖ´Â ³×Æ®¿öÅ©¿¡ Áß¿äÇÑ º¯°æÀÌ ¿¹»óµÈ´Ù¸é, ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ÇØ´ç È£½ºÆ®ÀÇ TTLÀ» Àӽ÷Π10ºÐ(6000sec) Á¤µµ·Î ³·Ãß¾î µÎ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù.

www     6000    IN      A       210.105.79.6

Ÿ ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö°¡ ¾Æ¿¹ ij½ÌÇÏÁö ¾Êµµ·Ï Çϱâ À§ÇØ TTLÀ» 0À¸·Î Á¶Á¤ÇÏ´Â °Íµµ ³ª»ÚÁø ¾ÊÀ¸³ª, Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®°¡ ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» ¾ï¼¼½º ÇÒ ¶§¸¶´Ù ¹Ýº¹µÇ´Â ResolvingÀ» µ¿¹ÝÇϱ⠶§¹®¿¡, ¹Ù¶÷Á÷ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. Maximum Propagation Delay Time(Á¶Á¤ÀüÀÇ TTL + Á¶Á¤Àü SOAÀÇ Refresh) ¸¸Å­ ±â´Ù¸° ÈÄ, ÀÛ¾÷(IP º¯°æ)ÇÏ¸é µÇ´Âµ¥, °æÇèÀûÀ¸·Î ³×Æ®¿öÅ© º¯°æÀÌ ½ÃÀÛµÇ¸é ¿¹»óÄ¡ ¸øÇÑ Ãß°¡ À̵¿ÀÌ ¹ß»ýÇϹǷÎ, ³×Æ®¿öÅ©°¡ ¾ÈÁ¤µÈ ÈĶóµµ, 1-2ÀÏ Á¤µµ µÚ¿¡ TTLÀ» ¿ø»ó º¹±ÍÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. ÇØ´ç Zone¿¡ ¼ÓÇÑ ¸ðµç È£½ºÆ®°¡ ´ë»óÀÏ °æ¿ì¿£, SOA ·¹ÄÚµåÀÇ Minimum°ªÀ» Á¶Á¤ÇÏ¿© ÀÏ·üÀûÀ¸·Î Àû¿ëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ú´Ù.

8.16 ¹Ì·¯¸µ ¼­¹ö°£ÀÇ ºÎÇÏ °øÀ¯ (Load Sharing Between Mirrored Servers)

¼­¹ö°¡ È÷Æ®¼ö¸¦ °¨´çÇÏÁö ¸øÇÒ °æ¿ì, ±× ÇØ°áÃ¥À¸·Î½á ´Ù¼öÀÇ ¹Ì·¯¸µ ¼­¹ö¸¦ ¿î¿µÇÏ¿©, ºÎÇϸ¦ ºÐ´ã½ÃÅ°´Â ¹æ¹ýÀ» »ý°¢ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸, ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀº ¹Ì·¯¸µ ¼­¹ö¸¦ »ç¿ëÀÚ¿¡°Ô È«º¸ÇÏ¿© ¼­¹öÀÇ ºÎÇÏ°¡ À̵¿Çϴµ¥ ½ÇÁúÀûÀ¸·Î ¸¹Àº ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¼Ò¿äµÇ°í, ÀûÀýÇÑ ºÎÇÏ ºÐ¹è¸¦ ±â´ëÇϱⰡ ÈûÀÌµç ¹®Á¦°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ÀüÈ­±¹ÀÇ ´ëÇ¥ ¹øÈ£ ¼­ºñ½º¿Í °°ÀÌ, »ç¿ëÀÚÀÇ ¿äûÀ» °¢°¢ÀÇ ¹Ì·¯¸µ ¼­¹ö·Î ¿¬°áÇØÁÖ´Â ´ëÇ¥ µµ¸ÞÀÎÀ» »ý°¢ÇÒ ¼ö Àִµ¥, ¿©±â¿¡¼­ ±× ¹æ¹ýÀ» ¼Ò°³ÇÑ´Ù. Shuffle AddressesÀ̶ó ºÒ¸®´Â ÀÌ Æ¯º°ÇÑ ±â¹ýÀº BIND 4.9 ºÎÅÍ Áö¿øµÈ´Ù.

www             180     IN      A       210.105.79.101
                180     IN      A       210.105.79.102
                180     IN      A       210.105.79.103

ÇϳªÀÇ È£½ºÆ®¸í¿¡ ¿©·¯°³ÀÇ IPÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ ÁÖ¾úÀ» °æ¿ì, ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö´Â ÇØ´ç µµ¸ÞÀο¡ ´ëÇØ ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ¶ó¿îµå ·Îºó ¹æ½ÄÀ¸·Î ÀÀ´ä ÇÑ´Ù.

$ nslookup www.nobreak.com
Name:    www.nobreak.com
Addresses:  210.105.79.101, 210.105.79.102, 210.105.79.103

$ nslookup www.nobreak.com
Name:    www.nobreak.com
Addresses:  210.105.79.102, 210.105.79.103, 210.105.79.101

$ nslookup www.nobreak.com
Name:    www.nobreak.com
Addresses:  210.105.79.103, 210.105.79.101, 210.105.79.102

ÀÌ°ÍÀÌ ·Îµå ¹ß·£½Ì(Load Balancing)Àº ¾Æ´ÏÁö¸¸, Ŭ¶óÀ̾ðÆ®´Â 3´ëÀÇ ¼­¹ö¿¡ ¾î´ÀÁ¤µµ °øÆòÇÏ°Ô Á¢¼ÓµÇ¹Ç·Î, ºÎÇϸ¦ °øÀ¯ÇÏ´Â È¿°ú¸¦ ¾òÀ» ¼ö ÀÖ°í, ¶ÇÇÑ ¿ÜºÎ·Î´Â ´ëÇ¥ µµ¸ÞÀθ¸À» ¾Ë¸®¸é µÇ¹Ç·Î, ¼­¹öÀÇ È®Àå ¹× Ãà¼Ò¿¡ À¯¿¬ÇÏ´Ù. º» ±â¹ýÀ» Àû¿ëÇÒ ¶§¿¡´Â ¶ó¿îµå ·ÎºóÀÌ Áö¿øµÇÁö ¾Ê´Â ³×ÀÓ¼­¹ö¸¦ °í·ÁÇÏ¿© TTLÀ» ³·°Ô Ã¥Á¤(TTLÀÌ ¸¸±âÇÏ¿© ´Ù½Ã ¿äûÀÌ µé¾î¿Àµµ·Ï)ÇÏ´Â °Íµµ ÁÁ´Ù.

¶ÇÇϳªÀÇ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î´Â ´Ù¼öÀÇ CNAMEÀ» ¿¬°áÇÏ´Â ¹æ¹ýÀÌ´Ù. ¿øÄ¢ÀûÀ¸·Î ´Ù¼öÀÇ CNAMEÀº °ÅºÎµÇ±â ¶§¹®¿¡, ¹Ýµå½Ã ´ÙÀ½°ú °°ÀÌ ºÎÆ® ÆÄÀÏ¿¡ º°µµÀÇ ¿É¼ÇÀ» ÁÖ¾î¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.

options {
        multiple-cnames yes;
};

ÀÌ°ÍÀº BIND-8 ¿¡¼­¸¸ °¡´ÉÇϸç, ´ëÇ¥ÀûÀ¸·Î YAHOO(www.yahoo.com)°¡ ÀÌ·¸ÇÑ ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¿î¿µµÈ´Ù.

www             180     IN      CNAME   www1.nobreak.com.
                180     IN      CNAME   www2.nobreak.com.
                180     IN      CNAME   www3.nobreak.com.
www1            180     IN      A       210.105.79.101
www2            180     IN      A       210.105.79.102
www3            180     IN      A       210.105.79.103

´Ù¼öÀÇ A ·¹ÄÚµå ¹æ½ÄÀº ResolverÀÇ ·ÎÄà NS°¡ Authority NS¿¡¼­ ´Ù¼öÀÇ IP(¶ó¿îµå ·ÎºóµÈ)¸¦ ³Ñ°Ü¹Þ¾Æ ij½¬¿¡ ÀúÀåÇØ µÐ ÈÄ ÀÚüÀûÀ¸·Îµµ ¶ó¿îµå ·Îºó󸮸¦ ÇØÁÖÁö¸¸, ´Ù¼öÀÇ CNAME ¹æ½ÄÀº ·ÎÄà NS°¡ ÇÑ °³ÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¸À» ³Ñ°Ü¹Þ±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÀÚü ¶ó¿îµå ·ÎºóÀÌ ºÒ°¡´ÉÇϸç, TTLÀÌ ¸¸±âµÉ ¶§±îÁö ÇØ´ç ResolverµéÀº ÇϳªÀÇ ÁÖ¼Ò¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÏ°Ô µÈ´Ù.

  • Authority NS¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ÁúÀÇÇÏ¿´À» °æ¿ì
    $ nslookup  www.nobreak.com  ns.nobreak.com
    Name:    www1.nobreak.com
    Address:  210.105.79.101
    Aliases:  www.nobreak.com
    
    $ nslookup  www.nobreak.com  ns.nobreak.com
    Name:    www2.nobreak.com
    Address:  210.105.79.102
    Aliases:  www.nobreak.com
    
    $ nslookup  www.nobreak.com  ns.nobreak.com
    Name:    www3.nobreak.com
    Address:  210.105.79.103
    Aliases:  www.nobreak.com
    
  • NSÀÇ Ä³½¬¿¡¼­ ¹Þ¾Æ¿Ã °æ¿ì
    $ nslookup  www.nobreak.com  ns.kornet.ne.kr
    Name:    www2.nobreak.com
    Address:  210.105.79.102
    Aliases:  www.nobreak.com
    
    $ nslookup  www.nobreak.com  ns.kornet.ne.kr
    Non-authoritative answer:
    Name:    www2.nobreak.com
    Address:  210.105.79.102
    Aliases:  www.nobreak.com
    

Âü°í·Î, ·Îµå ¹ß·£½ÌÀ» ±¸ÇöÇϱâ À§Çؼ­´Â ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÇ ºÎÇÏ¿¡ µû¶ó ¶ó¿ìÆÃÀ» Á¶Á¤ÇÏ´Â ±â°è°¡ º°µµ·Î ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.

9. Bibliography

  1. Paul Albitz & Cricket Liu, ``DNS and BIND 3rd Edition'', O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., ISBN 1-56592-512-2, Sep 1998
  2. Paul Albitz, Matt Larson & Cricket Liu, ``DNS on Windows NT'', O'Reilly & Associates, ISBN 1-56592-511-4, Oct 1998
  3. Bryan Costales & Eric Allman, ``sendmail 2nd Edition'', O'Reilly & Associates, ISBN 1-56592-222-0, Jan 1997
  4. Bryan Costales & Eric Allman, ``sendmail Desktop Reference'', O'Reilly & Associates, ISBN 1-56592-278-6, Mar 1997
  5. H. Eidnes, G. de Groot & P. Vixie, "Classless IN-ADDR.ARPA delegation", RFC2317, Mar 1998
  6. M. Andrews, ``Negative Caching of DNS Queries (DNS NCACHE)'', RFC2308, Mar 1998
  7. O. Vaughan, ``A Legal Basis for Domain Name Allocation'', RFC2240, Nov 1997
  8. M. Hamilton, ``Use of DNS Aliases for Network Services'', RFC2219, Oct 1997
  9. R. Elz, R. Bush & S. Bradner, "Selection and Operation of Secondary DNS Servers", RFC2182, Jul 1997
  10. S. Thomson, Y. Rekhter & J. Bound, "Dynamic Updates in the Domain Name System (DNS UPDATE)", RFC2136, Apr 1997
  11. P. Vixie, "A Mechanism for Prompt Notification of Zone Changes (DNS NOTIFY)", RFC1996, Aug 1996
  12. C. Everhart, L. Mamakos & R. Ullmann, "New DNS RR Definitions", RFC1183, Oct 1990
  13. P. Mockapetris, "Domain Names - Implementation and Specification", RFC1035, Nov 1987
  14. P. Mockapetris, ``Domain Names - Concepts and Facilities'', RFC1034, Nov 1987
  15. M. Lottor, ``Domain Administrators Operations Guide'', RFC1033, Nov 1987
  16. M. Stahl, ``Domain Administrators Guide'', RFC1032, Nov 1987


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