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Gentoo 1.4 installation on IBM X23 ¶

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System Configuration ¶

Pentium 3 866Mz
SDRAM 640M
40G 5400rpm HDD (8G for Windows XP, 7G for shared data, 23G for GNU/Linux)
PCMCIA, CF slots
2 usb 1.1 slots

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Objective ¶

Kernel2.6 + Python2.3 + udev + LVM2(?)(with reiserfs) + wireless + xserver(from freedesktop) + printing
update to 2.6.4-rc1(Feb 29,2004)
usb flash memory with hotplug and udev
compact flash memory slot
speed step (Kernel 2.6 support this feature, I guess.)
ACPI (without error!)
Framebuffer, Bootsplash & Grubsplash(http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic.php?t=49036)

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Appls to install ¶

Text Processing: Vim, LaTeX, hlatex, GhostScript, Adobe Acrobat, Kile
Office Suite: StarOffice 7.0, MS Office 2k (with crossover office)
Graph: gnuplot
Programming: Python
GUI toolkits: Qt 3.3(!)
Programming utilities: Umbrello, KDevelop3.0(?)
Multimedia: MPlayer, Juk
Scientific: Numerical Python, Scipy, matlab, matlibplot
Desktop: xfce4, gdesklets
System Utilities: apcid, acpi, ufed
Backup utilities: parted, partimage
Web browsing: MozillaFirefox
Email client: MozillaThunderbird
CD Burning: K3B
X input method: nabi(!)

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Let's start, jump into Gentoo! ¶

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1. stage 1 ¶

boot: gentoo dopcmcia acpi
/sbin/ifconfig - check network device
fdisk /dev/hda
lvm configuration...(more writing for this is needed.)

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Make file system(format) ¶

mke2fs /dev/hda1 (/boot)
mkreiserfs /dev/hda5 (/)
mkreiserfs /dev/vg/home
mkreiserfs /dev/vg/opt
mkreiserfs /dev/vg/usr
mkreiserfs /dev/vg/var
mkreiserfs /dev/vg/tmp
mkswap /dev/vg/swap
swapon /dev/vg/swap

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Partition Table(for personal use) ¶

physical	p/e	FS	size	mount
/dev/hda1	primary	ext2	15M	/boot
/dev/hda2	primary	NTFS	8G	windows C:
/dev/hda3	primary	FAT32	6.8G	windows D: for shared data
/dev/hda4	primary	N/A	N/A	N/A
/dev/hda5	extended	reiserfs	150M	/
/dev/hda6	extended	LVM	22.85G	/usr,/opt,/var,/tmp,/home

Be carefule not to specify CCACHE_DIR in your /root directory (It has ONLY 150M!). It does make .ccache directory below /root as a default. In that case, It may fill up /root rapidly when you emerge large packages like X. Thus, not to forget to specify default ccache directory in /etc/make.conf to somewhere else. (In my case, I prefer to make /home/ccache for ccache.)

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LVM Partition ¶

physical	FS	size	mount
/dev/vg/usr	reiserfs	8G	/usr
/dev/vg/opt	reiserfs	7G	/opt
/dev/vg/var	reiserfs	2.5G	/var
/dev/vg/tmp	reiserfs	500M	/tmp
/dev/vg/home	reiserfs	2.5G	/home
/dev/vg/swap	swap	512M	swap

Usually, /var doesn't need such a large size like 2.5G except when it emerges huge size pakcages such as X,OpenOffice. To use limited HDD space more efficiently, it would be good to resize /var to a small size in moral cases. That's what LVM for!

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Mount ¶

'Make sure mount / partion first'.

mount /dev/hda5 /mnt/gentoo
mkdir /mnt/gentoo/boot
mount /dev/hda1 /mnt/gentoo/boot
mkdir /mnt/gentoo/usr
mount /dev/vg/usr /mnt/gentoo/usr
mkdir /mnt/gentoo/var
mount /dev/vg/var /mnt/gentoo/var
mkdir /mnt/gentoo/opt
mount /dev/vg/opt /mnt/gentoo/opt
mkdir /mnt/gentoo/home
mount /dev/vg/home /mnt/gentoo/home
mkdir /mnt/gentoo/tmp
mount /dev/vg/tmp /mnt/gentoo/tmp
mkdir /mnt/gentoo/proc
mount -t proc none /mnt/gentoo/proc

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Fetch stage1 tarball ¶

cd /mnt/gentoo
links2 www.gentoo.org/main/en/mirrors.xml
download releases/x86/1.4/stages/x86/stage1-x86-20030910.tar.bz2
tar -xvjpf stage1 (be carefule to tar options!).

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Edit make.conf for compile ¶

vi /etc/make.conf
CHOST="i686-pc-linux-gnu"
CFLAGS="-march=pentium3 -O3 -pipe"
CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"
MAKEOPTS="-j2" for a regular 1cpu system

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change root ¶

mirrorselect -a -s4 -o >> /mnt/gentoo/etc/make.conf
cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/gentoo/etc/resolv.conf
chroot /mnt/gentoo /bin/bash
env-update
source /etc/profile

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get files for stage2 ¶

emerge sync

=> takes a while...

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2. stage 2 ¶

/usr/portage/scripts/bootstrap-2.6.sh -f
/usr/portage/scripts/bootstrap-2.6.sh
emerge system -f
emerge system

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3. stage 3 ¶

emerge development-sources (kernel 2.6.3)
cd /usr/src/linux
makemenuconfig
make && make modules_install
cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/kernel-2.6.3
cp System.map /boot/System.map-2.6.3
cp .config /boot/config-2.6.3
ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/GMT /etc/localtime
nano -w /etc/fstab
echo spike > /etc/hostname
nano -w /etc/conf.d/net

=> dhcp ..

rc-update add net.eth0 default
emerge pcmcia-cs
rc-update add pcmcia default(x) <-- needed at 2.6??
emerge grub
grub
root (hd0,0)
setup (hd0)
quit
cp /boot/grub/grub.conf.example /boot/grub/grub.conf
nano -w /boot/grub/grub.conf
emerge syslog-ng
rc-update add syslog-ng default
emerge vixie-cron
rc-update add vixie-cron default
emerge reiserfsprogs
emerge lvm-user
passwd (root password)
useradd aeronova -m -G users,wheel,audio -s /bin/bash
passwd aeronova
etc-update
exit
cd /
umount /mnt/gentoo/boot /mnt/gentoo/proc /dev/vg/usr,var,opt,tmp,home /mnt/gentoo
vgchange -a n
reboot

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Problems: addressed ¶

1. it says this kernel does not have devfs support while booting.

I intentionally leave out devfs support option at kernel configuration to use udev instead of devfs. Howerver, due to that, I cannot even go through boot process 'cause gentoo system use devfs in default. Thus, I recompiled kernel after enabling devfs support. (Fortunately, we can select which to use between devfs and udev after udev setting. take a look at below udev section.)

2. LVM error

It looks like it fails to mount LVM partions. I typed vgscan to locate volume group, but it says there is no lvm module(lvm_mod). This is really weird 'cause I obviously enalbed LVM options while configuring kernel options. After searching gentoo forums, I found there are two versions of LVM - LVM1 and LVM2, and the LVM in kernel 2.6 is version 2 and the package I emerged, lvm-user, is a tool for LVM1. So, I unmerge lmv-user and then emerged lvm2 package(device-mapper also installed by dependancy). ... and guess what? It works well!

Device Drivers
->Multi-device support(RAID and LVM)
-->Device mapper support
-->ioctl interface version 4

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Problems: sitil exist... ¶

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UDev ¶

http://webpages.charter.net/decibelshelp/LinuxHelp_UDEVPrimer.html#UDEV
kernel configuration:
Bus options (PCI,PCMCIA,EISA,MCA,ISA)
Support for hot-pluggable devices
File system
Pseudo filesystem
/proc file system support
/dev/ file system support(OBSOLETE)
/dev/pts file system for Unix98 PTYs
virtual memmory file system support (former shm fs)
I enabled devfs due to boot problem (without this, gentoo cannot wake up!). If devfs option is active, we need to select which to use at lilo or grub before booting.
enable devfs to support both udev & devfs
udev-018-r2
rc-update add hotplug boot
what do I need to comment out in /etc/fstab? 일단 안건드리고 그냥 둠.
baselayout-1.8.6.13 was already installed.
edit /etc/init.d/halt.sh and /sbin/rc not to use devices.tar.bz2
edit grub to select between udev and devfs

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Python ¶

default version of python is 2.3.3, so don't need to upgrade it.

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after... ¶

emerge gentoolkit
emerge ufed to set USE setting
emerge ccache: to expedite compiling process!
edit /etc/make.conf
CCACHE_DIR="/home/ccache"
CCACHE_SIZE="2G"
emerge xfree

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need todo ¶

enable dri with radeon module...
how to use usb flash memeroy seamlessly? (in udev)
how to use swsusp
which do I use to control CPU speed(speedfreq or cpufreqd?)
message after emerging "speedfreq"
A sample script for powercontrol has been placed in /etc/acpi/battery.sh To use it add the following lines to your /etc/acpi/default/events,

events = battery.* action = /etc/acpi/battery.sh %e Note that this only supports one battery at the time. Configuration should be done in /etc/conf.d/speedfreq. Make sure that you have sysfs mounted on /sys

If I run "speedfreqd", I got error message that relates to sys mount.
gpm configuration
switch to mm-sources for kernel rather than development-sources(for laptop-mode)

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acpid ¶

rc-update add acpid boot
if you run ''acpid,
all events such as lid closing, ac adapter pluggin in/out are written at /var/log/acpid
thus, if we can parse this log, we can handle all events by acpid!
acpid listens for events through /proc/acpi/events, and logs on /var/log/acpid, and takes action written in /etc/acpi/action.sh (if this action.sh is specified at /etc/acpi/events.)
change kernel to "mm-sources" to use laptop-mode and acpi script from gentoo forum.

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hlatex ¶

refer to http://faq.ktug.or.kr/mywiki/_b8_ae_b4_aa_bd_ba_bf_a1_bc_ad_bc_b3_c4_a1_c7_cf_b1_e2
install below /usr/local/share not to mix with tetex package.
#> cd /usr/local/share/
#> cvs -z3 -d :pserver:anonymous@cvs.ktug.or.kr:/home/cvsroot login

(패스워드를 물으면 그냥 엔터만 치면 된다)

#> cvs -z3 -d :pserver:anonymous@cvs.ktug.or.kr:/home/cvsroot co hlatex-texmf
modify texmf/web2c/texmf.cnf
% A place for local additions to a "standard" texmf tree. For example:
HLATEXTEXMF = /usr/local/share/hlatex-texmf %%%%% 이 줄을 추가한다. %%%%%

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x font configuration ¶

install URW fonts(free good quality Type 1 fonts)
refer to http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/x-fonts.html
emerge urw-fonts

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xpdf ¶

to have even nicer results add these lines to your ~/.xpdfrc
include /etc/xpdfrc
t1libControl high
freetypeControl high

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alsa sound configuration ¶

refer to ALSA user documentation on gentoo website.
enable ALSA sound module options in 2.6 kernel configuration
emerge alsa-tools ( to use alsamixer, amixer ...)
edit /etc/modules.d/alsa to configure my "intel8x0" sound card.
add below two lines only.
## ALSA portion
alias snd-card-0 snd-intel8x0
## OSS/Free portion
alias sound-slot-0 snd-card-0
# modules-update
# rc-update add alsasound boot
set volume with alsamixer, but still has no sound, thus typed in below two lines
# amixer set Master 100 unmute
# amixer set PCM 100 unmute
alsactl store (to store current setting)
now it works!

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Blueglass Xcursor theme ¶

edit ~/.Xdefaults as below.
Xcursor.theme: Blue
Xcursor.size: 48 (this size can be changable.)
To globaly use,
change "Inherits" in this file, /usr/share/cursors/xfree/default/index.theme
Inherits=Blue
If there is flickering, add below to XF86Config,
Option "HWcursor" "false"

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KDE appls problem ¶

There was an error setting up inter-process communications for KDE. The message returned by the system was:

Could not read network connection list. /root/.DCOPserver_gentoo__0 Please check that the "dcopserver" program is running!

a kind of dcopserver problem, I can use kde appls as root, but cannot as a normal user
emerge -k fam
follow the instructions after emerging it
rc-update add famd default
/etc/init.d/famd start
other suggestion:
drwxrwx--- 16 root users 824 Mar 8 01:49 tmp
chown root:users /tmp
chmod 770 /tmp

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Enable DRI but this cause GLUT problem! (3/31/2004) ¶

Firstly, I finally succeed to use dri module in X.
My graphic card is "Radeon Mobility M6" and what I did is just compile an "radeon.o" module in kernel 2.6.x.

(Because I cannot emerge xfree-drm package, for it only works for kernel 2.4.x, so I have to use dri module in kernel source.)

After run "make && make modules_install", then edit XF86Config as follows.
Load "dir"
Section "DIR" mode 0666 EndSection
Since 24 bit Depth exceeds limit of my graphic card, I have to set default color depth to 16 to use DRI module.
After that, it works, but causes another problem: GLUT.
When I tried to run GLUT example in PyOpenGL, it says,
GLUT: Fatal Error in lesson1: visual with necessary capabilities not found.
So, I googled it, and find solution: use 24 bit depth at least!
"You should use 24 for the depth and try again."
Hence, I have to reset color depth in XF86Config file to use GLUT with sacrifice of DRI module.

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Run problems in KDE appls, gedit, and firefox (03/31/2004) ¶

The problem is, I can run whatever I want as a superuser, but I cannot as a normal user.
all error msgs said it cannot wirte to /tmp directory due to a sort of permission,
so, I changed the permission of /tmp to enable all users can write in /tmp.
before: drwxr-xr-x => after: drwxrwxrwx
However, I'm not sure what other problems related to security can be caused because of this change.

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HLaTeX ps, pdf conversion problems (04/01/2004) ¶

I can compile a hangul latex file using HLaTeX package, but I cannot convert it to ps and pdf files.
to fix it, add a below line to /usr/share/texmf/web2c/udpmap.cfg
Map uhc-down.map
and run updmap to update it.

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Things to be backup ¶

all stuffs below /usr/local

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Install ms-fonts (04/04/2004) ¶

mkdir /usr/share/fonts/ttf/korean/ms-fonts
cp gulim.ttc and batang.ttc to the above directory.
run 'ttmkfdir' at /usr/share/fonts/ttf/korean/ms-fonts, it generate 'fonts.scale'
run 'mkfontdir' at the above directroy, it generates 'fonts.dir'
cd .. and run 'fc-cache' to update 'fonts.cache-1'
edit XF86Config to add installed fonts path
FontPath "/usr/share/fonts/ttf/korean/ms-fonts"